Detecting fire using cameras

• US 7,256,818 B2
• Filed: 05/20/2002
• Issued: 08/14/2007
• Est. Priority Date: 05/20/2002
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Simmonds Precision Products, Inc. (Raytheon Technologies Corporation d/b/a RTX)
• Original Assignee: Simmonds Precision Products, Inc. (Raytheon Technologies Corporation d/b/a RTX)
• Inventors: Zakrzewski, Radoslaw Romuald, Sadok, Mokhtar
• Primary Examiner(s): Philippe; Gims
• Application Number:
  US10/152,323
• Publication Number:
  US 20040061777A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,912 Days
• Field of Search: 348/143, 348/154, 382/100, 375/240.01, 379/45, 356/2, 340/628, 340/525, 340/578, 169/84, 709/253, 706/44
• US Class Current: 348/143
• CPC Class Codes: G08B 17/125 by using a video camera to detect fire or smoke

Abstract

Detecting a fire, such as a fire in an aircraft cargo bay, includes receiving a plurality of frames of video information, determining an energy indicator for each of a subset of the plurality of frames, and detecting the presence of fire in response to the energy indicator for each of the subset of the plurality of frames corresponding to a predetermined pattern as a function of time. Detecting a fire may also include comparing energy indicators for each of the subset of the plurality of frames to a reference frame. The reference frame may correspond to a video frame taken when no fire is present or a video frame immediately preceding each of the subset of the plurality of frames. At least some of the subset of the plurality of frames may be provided by a camera having a sensitivity of between 400 nm and 1000 nm that may generates 640×480 pixels per frame. At least some of the subset of the plurality of frames may be provided by a CCD camera or a CMOS camera. At least some of the subset of the plurality of frames may be provided by a camera having a sensitivity of between 7 and 14 micrometers, which may be an IR camera.

Claims

1. A method of detecting a fire, comprising:

receiving a plurality of frames of video information;

determining an energy indicator for each of a subset of the plurality of frames;

determining whether a plurality of characteristics indicative of fire are present, said plurality of characteristics including a hotspot, flame and smoke, each of said plurality of characteristics having a corresponding predetermined pattern as a function of time, wherein a determination regarding the presence of at least one of the plurality of characteristics is made in response to the energy indicator for each of the subset of the plurality of frames corresponding to a predetermined pattern that is a function of time for said at least one characteristic, wherein said determining whether a plurality of characteristics indicative of fire are present further includes;

determining a first result indicating whether a hotspot is detected;

determining a second result indicating whether a flame is detected; and

determining a third result indicating whether smoke is detected, each of said first result, said second result and said third result being determined independently without using any of the other results; and

detecting the presence of fire in accordance with whether said plurality of characteristics indicative of fire are present using at least said first result, said second result, and said third result.

2. A method, according to claim 1, further comprising:

comparing energy indicators for each of the subset of the plurality of frames to a reference frame to determine if the subset of the plurality of frames corresponds to a predetermined pattern as a function of time.

3. A method, according to claim 2, wherein the reference frame corresponds to a video frame taken when no fire is present.

4. A method, according to claim 2, wherein the reference frame corresponds to a video frame immediately preceding each of the subset of the plurality of frames.

5. A method, according to claim 1, wherein at least some of the subset of the plurality of frames are provided by a camera having a sensitivity of between 400 nm and 1000 nm.

6. A method, according to claim 5, wherein the camera generates 640×

480 pixels per frame.

7. A method, according to claim 6, wherein the camera is a CCD camera.

8. A method, according to claim 6, wherein the camera is a CMOS camera.

9. A method, according to claim 1, wherein at least some of the subset of the plurality of frames are provided by a camera having a sensitivity of between 7 and 14 micrometers.

10. A method, according to claim 9, wherein the camera is an IR camera.

11. A method, according to claim 6, wherein the camera generates thirty frames per second.

12. A method, according to claim 11, wherein one in ten frames is selected for processing.

13. A method, according to claim 6, wherein the camera provides black and white output.

14. A method, according to claim 1, wherein determining an energy indicator includes calculating energy provided by a subset of the pixels of each of the subset of frames.

15. A method, according to claim 1, further comprising:

prior to determining an energy indicator, downsizing each of the plurality of the subset of the plurality of frames.

145. The method of claim 2, wherein the reference frame corresponds to a video frame two frames prior to each of the subset of the plurality of frames.

16. A computer program product comprising a computer readable medium having code stored thereon, the computer readable medium comprising:

executable code that receives a plurality of frames of video information;

executable code that determines an energy indicator for each of a subset of the plurality of frames;

executable code that determines whether a plurality of characteristics indicative of fire are present, said plurality of characteristics including a hotspot, flame and smoke, each of said plurality of characteristics having a corresponding predetermined pattern as a function of time, wherein a determination regarding the presence of at least one of the plurality of characteristics is made in response to the energy indicator for each of the subset of the plurality of frames corresponding to a predetermined pattern that is a function of time for said at least one characteristic, wherein said executable code that determines whether a plurality of characteristics indicative of fire are present further includes executable code that;

determines a first result indicating whether a hotspot is detected;

determines a second result indicating whether a flame is detected; and

determines a third result indicating whether smoke is detected, each of said first result, said second result and said third result being determined independently without using any of the other results; and

executable code that detects the presence of fire in accordance with whether said plurality of characteristics indicative of fire are present using at least said first result, said second result, and said third result.

17. A computer program product, according to claim 16, further comprising:

executable code that compares energy indicators for each of the subset of the plurality of frames to a reference frame to determine if the subset of the plurality of frames corresponds to a predetermined pattern as a function of time.

18. A computer program product, according to claim 17, wherein the reference frame corresponds to a video frame taken when no fire is present.

19. A computer program product, according to claim 17, wherein the reference frame corresponds to a video frame immediately preceding each of the subset of the plurality of frames.

20. A computer program product, according to claim 16, wherein the executable code that determines an energy indicator calculates energy provided by a subset of the pixels of each of the subset of frames.

21. A computer program product, according to claim 16, further comprising:

executable code that downsizes each of the plurality of the subset of the plurality of frames prior to determining an energy indicator.

22. An apparatus for detecting fire, comprising:

a plurality of cameras that provides a plurality of video frames; and

at least one processor, coupled to the plurality of cameras, that determines an energy indicator for each of a subset of the plurality of frames, determines whether a plurality of characteristics indicative of fire are present, said plurality of characteristics including a hotspot, flame and smoke, each of said plurality of characteristics having a corresponding predetermined pattern as a function of time, wherein a determination regarding the presence of at least one of the plurality of characteristics is made in response to the energy indicator for each of the subset of the plurality of frames corresponding to a predetermined pattern that is a function of time for said at least one characteristic, determines a first result indicating whether a hotspot is detected, determines a second result indicating whether a flame is detected, determines a third result indicating whether smoke is detected, each of said first result, said second result and said third result being determined independently without using any of the other results, and detects the presence of fire in accordance with whether said plurality of characteristics indicative of fire are present using at least said first result, said second result, and said third result.

23. An apparatus, according to claim 22, wherein the at least one processor also compares energy indicators for each of the subset of the plurality of frames to a reference frame to determine if the subset of the plurality of frames corresponds to a predetermined pattern as a function of time.

24. An apparatus, according to claim 23, wherein the reference frame corresponds to a video frame taken when no fire is present.

25. An apparatus, according to claim 23, wherein the reference frame corresponds to a video frame immediately preceding each of the subset of the plurality of frames.

26. An apparatus, according to claim 22, wherein at least a subset of the plurality of cameras have a sensitivity of between 400 nm and 1000 nm.

27. An apparatus, according to claim 26, wherein at least some of the subset of the plurality of cameras that generate 640×

480 pixels per frame.

28. An apparatus, according to claim 27, wherein at least some of the subset of the plurality of cameras are CCD cameras.

29. An apparatus, according to claim 27, wherein at least some of the subset of the plurality of cameras are CMOS cameras.

30. An apparatus, according to claim 22, wherein at least a subset of the plurality of cameras having a sensitivity of between 7 and 14 micrometers.

31. An apparatus, according to claim 30, wherein at least some of the subset of the plurality of cameras are IR cameras.

32. An apparatus, according to claim 22, wherein at least a subset of the plurality of cameras generates thirty frames per second.

33. An apparatus, according to claim 32, wherein the processor selects one in ten frames for processing.

34. An apparatus, according to claim 22, wherein at least a subset of the plurality of cameras provides black and white output.

35. An apparatus, according to claim 22, wherein the processor determines an energy indicator by calculating energy provided by a subset of the pixels of each of the subset of frames.

36. An apparatus, according to claim 22, wherein the processor downsizes each of the plurality of the subset of the plurality of frames prior to determining an energy indicator.

37. A system for fire detection comprising:

a plurality of cameras that provides a plurality of video input signals;

a video control unit, coupled to said plurality of cameras, including two processing boards for processing said plurality of video input signals producing a system fire detection signal, said two processing boards configured in one of a first configuration and a second configuration, said first configuration including said first processing board processing a first portion of said video input signals and said second processing board processing a second portion of said video input signals, said second configuration including said first processing board having functionality identical to that of said second processing board and, when one of said first and said second processing boards fails, the other of said first and second processing boards processes all video input signals, wherein said system fire detection signal is produced using at least three inputs, each of said at least three inputs indicating whether presence of a different one of a hotspot, flame or smoke is detected, each of said at least three inputs being determined independently without using any of the other inputs; and

a conventional smoke detection control unit that outputs a smoke detection signal that is an input to at least one of said first and said second processing boards.

38. The system of claim 37, wherein said two processing boards are configured such that each of said two processing boards processes approximately half of said plurality of video input signals.

39. The system of claim 37, further comprising:

a video selector unit having one or more input signals so that the video selector unit may select for display video output.

40. The system of claim 39, wherein said one or more input signals to said video selector unit includes an input signal from each of said processing boards, said video selector unit provides for selecting a portion of the cargo bay for video display on one of a plurality of display units.

41. The system of claim 40, further comprising:

a recorder having as an input a video output signal from each of said two processing boards such that the recorder records video output from each of said two processing boards.

42. The system of claim 37, further comprising at least one video display unit wherein a text message indicating processing results by at least one of said two processing boards is overlayed on said at least one video display unit displaying video output.

43. The system of claim 37, further comprising:

a central maintenance system that outputs a fire suppression signal used as input to said two processing boards indicating whether fire suppression has been performed.

44. The system of claim 43, wherein each of said two processing boards performs processing in response to said fire suppression signal indicating that fire suppression has been performed to filter out image distortion caused by said fire suppression.

45. The system of claim 44, wherein said fire suppression signal indicates that Halon has been sprayed as part of fire suppression.

46. The system of claim 37, wherein each of said two processing boards includes at least one of:

hardware that actuates a light source, hardware that processes camera input signals in accordance with one or more different camera types in the system, hardware that provides video output to be viewed by a user, and hardware for performing fire detection.

47. The system of claim 37, wherein said smoke detection signal from said conventional smoke detection system performs a gating function so that a system fire detection signal is generated by said system only after said conventional smoke detection control unit also provides a positive fire indication signal.

48. The system of claim 37, wherein said smoke detection signal from said conventional smoke detection system is used by at least one of said first processing board and said second processing board to produce said system fire detection signal indicating that a fire is present even though the conventional smoke detection control unit has not detected a fire.

49. The system of claim 37, wherein said plurality of cameras includes at least one CCD camera and at least one IR camera and wherein at least one CCD camera is mounted proximate to a corresponding IR camera, each CCD camera having an LED unit mounted therewith.

50. The system of claim 49, wherein each CCD camera includes on-board digital signal processing hardware.

51. The system of claim 49, wherein each IR camera includes on-board digital signal processing hardware.

52. The system of claim 37, wherein said plurality of cameras includes at least one CCD camera having at least two of the following characteristics:

a size no greater than 4.7 inches×

0.8 inches×

0.8 inches, a maximum weight of 0.075 pounds, a maximum power consumption of 2.5 watts, an operating temperature of −

10 to 60 degrees centigrade, a storage temperature of −

40 to 80 degrees centigrade, a resolution of 640×

480 pixels, an optical wavelength response of between 400 and 1000 nanometers.

53. The system of claim 37, wherein said plurality of cameras includes at least one CCD camera including an automatic gain control to adjust an amount of light provided in a video view area.

54. The system of claim 53, wherein said at least one CCD camera uses a special lenses with one of a 75 degree field of view, 90 degree field of view, and a wide angle view.

55. The system of claim 54, wherein said special lens is a wide angle view lens with one of a 275 degree view and a 360 degree view.

56. The system of claim 37, wherein said plurality of cameras includes at least one IR camera having at least two of the following characteristics:

a size no greater than 6.5 inches×

2.2 inches×

2.2 inches, a maximum weight of 0.5 pounds, a power consumption less than 1.2 watts, an operating temperature between −

10 and 60 degrees centigrade, a storage temperature between −

40 and 80 degrees centigrade, and an optical wavelength response between 7 and 14 micrometers.

57. The system of claim 56, wherein said IR camera uses a special lens providing one of:

a 75 degree field of view, a 90 degree field of view, a wide angle field of view.

58. The system of claim 57, wherein said special lens is a wide angle lens providing one of:

a 275 degree field of view and a 360 degree field of view.

59. The system of claim 58, wherein said special lens is made with one of:

germanium and zinc selenide.

60. The system of claim 49, including at least one LED as a lighting source with at least two of the following characteristics:

a maximum size of 2 inches×

2 inches×

2 inches, a maximum weight of 0.125 pounds, a power consumption maximum of 1.5 watts, an operating temperature between −

40 and 70 degrees centigrade, a storage temperature between −

55 and 120 degrees centigrade, and an optical wavelength of about 820 nanometers.

61. The system of claim 37, wherein at least one of said two processing boards uses a plurality of two-dimensional camera views from a plurality of cameras to synthesize a three-dimensional camera view.

142. The system of claim 37, wherein said system fire detection signal is produced without using an output signal from a conventional smoke detection system.

143. The system of claim 142, wherein said system fire detection signal is produced using a data fusion technique in accordance with a plurality of intermediate output signals.

144. The system of claim 37, wherein said system fire detection signal is produced independent of an output signal from a conventional smoke detection system.

146. The system of claim 49, further comprising another LED unit providing light at 800 nanometers and being mounted separately from said plurality of cameras in an enclosed area.

62. A method of detecting a fire comprising:

receiving a plurality of video input signals;

determining a feature for each of a subset of the plurality of video signals;

determining whether a plurality of characteristics indicative of fire are present, said plurality of characteristics including a hotspot, flame and smoke, each of said plurality of characteristics having a corresponding predetermined pattern as a function of time, wherein a determination regarding the presence of at least one of the plurality of characteristics is made in response to the feature for each of the subset of the plurality of frames corresponding to a predetermined pattern that is a function of time for said at least one characteristic, wherein said determining whether a plurality of characteristics indicative of fire are present further includes;

determining a first result indicating whether a hotspot is detected;

determining a second result indicating whether a flame is detected; and

determining a third result indicating whether smoke is detected, each of said first result, said second result and said third result being determined independently without using any of the other results;

producing, by a conventional smoke detection control unit, a smoke detection signal; and

detecting the presence of fire using said smoke detection signal and in accordance with whether said plurality of characteristics indicative of fire are present using at least said first result, said second result, and said third result.

63. The method of claim 62, further comprising:

processing a first portion of said plurality of video input signals by a first processing board; and

processing a second portion of said plurality of video input signals by a second processing board.

64. The method of claim 62, wherein a first processing board for processing said plurality of video input signals has functionality identical to that of a second processing board and, when one of said first and said second processing boards fails, the other of said first and second processing boards processes all of said plurality of video input signals.

65. The method of claim 62, wherein a first processing board for processing said plurality of video input signals has functionality identical to that of a second processing board and, wherein each of said two processing boards processes approximately half of said plurality of video input signals.

66. The method of claim 62, further comprising:

selecting one of a plurality of video display signals for video display output.

67. The method of claim 66, wherein said plurality of video display signals includes as an input signal at least one signal from a processing board corresponding to a portion of a cargo bay for video display on a display unit.

68. The method of claim 62, further comprising:

recording at least one processed video output signal producing using a portion of said plurality of video input signals.

69. The method of claim 68, further comprising:

overlaying a text message indicating results of said detecting on a video display unit displaying video output.

70. The method of claim 62, further comprising:

producing a fire suppression signal used in processing a portion of said plurality of video input signals, said fire suppression signal indicating whether fire suppression has been performed.

71. The method of claim 70, further comprising:

performing, in response to said fire suppression signal indicating that fire suppression has been performed, filtering that filters out image distortion caused by said fire suppression.

72. The method of claim 71, wherein said fire suppression signal indicates that Halon has been sprayed as part of fire suppression.

73. The method of claim 62, further comprising:

actuating a light source by an external source.

74. The method of claim 62, further comprising:

processing a portion of said plurality of video input signals in accordance with one or more different camera types in the system.

75. The method of claim 62, further comprising:

producing video output to be viewed by a user on a display device.

76. The method of claim 62, further comprising:

using said smoke detection signal from said conventional smoke detection system to produce a system fire detection signal only after said conventional smoke detection control unit also provides a positive fire indication signal.

77. The method of claim 62, further comprising:

using said smoke detection signal from said conventional smoke detection system to produce a system fire detection signal indicating that a fire is present even though the conventional smoke detection control unit has not detected a fire.

78. The method of claim 62, wherein at least a portion of said video input signals are provided by a plurality of cameras including at least one CCD camera and at least one IR camera and wherein at least one CCD camera is mounted proximate to a corresponding IR camera, each CCD camera having an LED unit mounted therewith.

79. The method of claim 78, wherein each CCD camera includes on-board digital signal processing hardware.

80. The method of claim 78, wherein each IR camera includes on-board digital signal processing hardware.

81. The method of claim 62, wherein at least a portion of said video input signals are provided by a plurality of cameras including at least one CCD camera having at least two of the following characteristics:

a size no greater than 4.7 inches×

0.8 inches×

0.8 inches, a maximum weight of 0.075 pounds, a maximum power consumption of 2.5 watts, an operating temperature of −

10 to 60 degrees centigrade, a storage temperature of −

40 to 80 degrees centigrade, a resolution of 640×

480 pixels, an optical wavelength response of between 400 and 1000 nanometers.

82. The method of claim 62, wherein at least a portion of said video input signals are provided by a plurality of cameras including at least one CCD camera including an automatic gain control to adjust an amount of light provided in a video view area.

83. The method of claim 82, wherein said at least one CCD camera uses a special lens with one of a 75 degree field of view, 90 degree field of view, and a wide angle view.

84. The method of claim 83, wherein said special lens is a wide angle view lens with one of a 275 degree view and a 360 degree view.

85. The method of claim 62, wherein at least a portion of said video input signals are provided by a plurality of cameras including at least one IR camera having at least two of the following characteristics:

a size no greater than 6.5 inches×

2.2 inches×

2.2 inches, a maximum weight of 0.5 pounds, a power consumption less than 1.2 watts, an operating temperature between −

10 and 60 degrees centigrade, a storage temperature between−

40 and 80 degrees centigrade, and an optical wavelength response between 7 and 14 micrometers.

86. The method of claim 85, wherein said IR camera uses a special lens providing one of:

a 75 degree field of view, a 90 degree field of view, a wide angle field of view.

87. The method of claim 86, wherein said special lens is a wide angle lens providing one of:

a 275 degree field of view and a 360 degree field of view.

88. The method of claim 87, wherein said special lens is made with one of:

germanium and zinc selenide.

89. The method of claim 78, wherein said LED unit is used as a lighting source when obtaining one of said plurality of video input signals, said LED unit having at least two of the following characteristics:

a maximum size of 2 inches×

2 inches×

2 inches, a maximum weight of 0.125 pounds, a power consumption maximum of 1.5 watts, an operating temperature between −

40 and 70 degrees centigrade, a storage temperature between −

55 and 120 degrees centigrade, and an optical wavelength of about 820 nanometers.

90. The method of claim 62, further comprising:

using a plurality of two-dimensional camera views from a plurality of cameras to synthesize a three-dimensional camera view.

120. The method of claim 62, wherein said plurality of video input signals are obtained using a plurality of cameras mounted in upper corners of a cargo bay.

121. The method of claim 62, wherein an image corresponds to one of said plurality of video signals in said subset, and the method further comprising:

associating a first set of features extracted with a first region of the image and associating a second set of features extracted with a second region of the image.

122. The method of claim 121, further comprising:

extracting the first set of features; and

extracting the second set of features.

123. The method of claim 121, further comprising:

growing one of said first and said second regions by pixel aggregation and averaging.

124. The method of claim 62, further comprising:

identifying at least one feature in accordance with an image distribution map.

125. The method of claim 124, wherein said at least one feature includes at least one of:

pixel intensity, pixel grey level, a Fourier descriptor, a wavelet coefficient, a statistical moment and a motion indicator.

126. The method of claim 124, further comprising:

using at least one of said features to identify one or more regions of interest in an image.

127. The method of claim 126, further comprising:

splitting a region into a plurality of regions.

128. The method of claim 126, further comprising:

merging a region with another region.

129. The method of claim 126, wherein a region of interest is associated with at least one of:

a fire region, a smoke region, a hotspot region.

130. The method of claim 129, wherein a region of interest is defined as a contiguous set of pixels.

91. A computer program product including a computer readable medium comprising executable stored thereon for detecting a fire, the computer readable medium comprising:

executable code that receives a plurality of video input signals;

executable code that determines a feature for each of a subset of the plurality of video signals;

executable code that determines whether a plurality of characteristics indicative of fire are present, said plurality of characteristics including a hotspot, flame and smoke, each of said plurality of characteristics having a corresponding predetermined pattern as a function of time, wherein a determination regarding the presence of at least one of the plurality of characteristics is made in response to the feature for each of the subset of the plurality of frames corresponding to a predetermined pattern that is a function of time for said at least one characteristic, wherein said executable code that determines whether a plurality of characteristics indicative of fire are present further includes;

executable code that determines a first result indicating whether a hotspot is detected;

executable code that determines a second result indicating whether a flame is detected; and

executable code that determines a third result indicating whether smoke is detected, each of said first result, said second result and said third result being determined independently without using any of the other results;

executable code that produces, by a conventional smoke detection control unit, a smoke detection signal; and

executable code that detects the presence of fire using said smoke detection signal and in accordance with whether said plurality of characteristics indicative of fire are present using at least said first result, said second result, and said third result.

92. The computer program product of claim 91, further comprising:

executable code that processes a first portion of said plurality of video input signals by a first processing board; and

executable code that processes a second portion of said plurality of video input signals by a second processing board.

93. The computer program product of claim 91, wherein a first processing board for processing said plurality of video input signals has functionality identical to that of a second processing board and, when one of said first and said second processing boards fails, the other of said first and second processing boards processes all of said plurality of video input signals.

94. The computer program product of claim 91, wherein a first processing board for processing said plurality of video input signals has functionality identical to that of a second processing board and, wherein each of said two processing boards processes approximately half of said plurality of video input signals.

95. The computer program product of claim 91, further comprising:

executable code that selects one of a plurality of video display signals for video display output.

96. The computer program product of claim 91, wherein said plurality of video display signals includes as an input signal at least one signal from a processing board corresponding to a portion of a cargo bay for video display on a display unit.

97. The computer program product of claim 91, further comprising:

executable code that records at least one processed video output signal producing using a portion of said plurality of video input signals.

98. The computer program product of claim 97, further comprising:

executable code that overlays a text message indicating results of said detecting on a video display unit displaying video output.

99. The computer program product of claim 91, further comprising:

executable code that produces a fire suppression signal used in processing a portion of said plurality of video input signals, said fire suppression signal indicating whether fire suppression has been performed.

100. The computer program product of claim 99, further comprising:

executable code that performs, in response to said fire suppression signal indicating that fire suppression has been performed, filtering that filters out image distortion caused by said fire suppression.

101. The computer program product of claim 100, wherein said fire suppression signal indicates that Halon has been sprayed as part of fire suppression.

102. The computer program product of claim 91, further comprising:

executable code that actuates a light source by an external source.

103. The computer program product claim 91, further comprising:

executable code that processes a portion of said plurality of video input signals in accordance with one or more different camera types in the system.

104. The computer program product of claim 91, further comprising:

executable code that produces video output to be viewed by a user on a display device.

105. The computer program product of claim 91, further comprising:

executable code that uses said smoke detection signal from said conventional smoke detection system to produce a system fire detection signal only after said conventional smoke detection control unit also provides a positive fire indication signal.

106. The computer program product of claim 91, further comprising:

executable code that uses said smoke detection signal from said conventional smoke detection system to produce a system fire detection signal indicating that a fire is present even though the conventional smoke detection control unit has not detected a fire.

107. The computer program product of claim 91, wherein at least a portion of said video input signals are provided by a plurality of cameras including at least one CCD camera and at least one IR camera and wherein at least one CCD camera is mounted proximate to a corresponding IR camera, each CCD camera having an LED unit mounted therewith.

108. The computer program product of claim 107, wherein each CCD camera includes on-board digital signal processing hardware.

109. The computer program product of claim 107, wherein each IR camera includes on-board digital signal processing hardware.

110. The computer program product of claim 91, wherein at least a portion of said video input signals are provided by a plurality of cameras including at least one CCD camera having at least two of the following characteristics:

a size no greater than 4.7 inches×

0.8 inches×

0.8 inches, a maximum weight of 0.075 pounds, a maximum power consumption of 2.5 watts, an operating temperature of −

10 to 60 degrees centigrade, a storage temperature of −

40 to 80 degrees centigrade, a resolution of 640×

480 pixels, an optical wavelength response of between 400 and 1000 nanometers.

111. The computer program product of claim 91, wherein at least a portion of said video input signals are provided by a plurality of cameras including at least one CCD camera including an automatic gain control to adjust an amount of light provided in a video view area.

112. The computer program product of claim 111, wherein said at least one CCD camera uses a special lens with one of a 75 degree field of view, 90 degree field of view, and a wide angle view.

113. The computer program product of claim 112, wherein said special lens is a wide angle view lens with one of a 275 degree view and a 360 degree view.

114. The computer program product of claim 91, wherein at least a portion of said video input signals are provided by a plurality of cameras including at least one IR camera having at least two of the following characteristics:

a size no greater than 6.5 inches×

2.2 inches×

2.2 inches, a maximum weight of 0.5 pounds, a power consumption less than 1.2 watts, an operating temperature between −

10 and 60 degrees centigrade, a storage temperature between −

40 and 80 degrees centigrade, and an optical wavelength response between 7 and 14 micrometers.

115. The computer program product of claim 114, wherein said IR camera uses a special lens providing one of:

a 75 degree field of view, a 90 degree field of view, a wide angle field of view.

116. The computer program product of claim 115, wherein said special lens is a wide angle lens providing one of:

a 275 degree field of view and a 360 degree field of view.

117. The computer program product of claim 116, wherein said special lens is made with one of:

germanium and zinc selenide.

118. The computer program product of claim 117, wherein said LED unit is used as a lighting source when obtaining one of said plurality of video input signals, said LED unit having at least two of the following characteristics:

a maximum size of 2 inches×

2 inches×

2 inches, a maximum weight of 0.125 pounds, a power consumption maximum of 1.5 watts, an operating temperature between −

40 and 70 degrees centigrade, a storage temperature between −

55 and 120 degrees centigrade, and an optical wavelength of about 820 nanometers.

119. The computer program product of claim 91, further comprising:

executable code that synthesizes a three-dimensional camera view using a plurality of two-dimensional camera views from a plurality of cameras.

131. The computer program product of claim 91, wherein said plurality of video input signals are obtained using a plurality of cameras mounted in upper corners of a cargo bay.

132. The computer program product of claim 91, wherein an image corresponds to one of said plurality of video signals in said subset, and the method further comprising:

associating a first set of features extracted with a first region of the image and associating a second set of features extracted with a second region of the image.

133. The computer program product of claim 132, further comprising:

executable code that extracts the first set of features; and

executable code that extracts the second set of features.

134. The computer program product of claim 132, further comprising:

executable code that grows one of said first and said second regions by pixel aggregation and averaging.

135. The computer program product of claim 91, further comprising:

executable code that identifies at least one feature in accordance with an image distribution map.

136. The computer program product of claim 135, wherein said at least one feature includes at least one of:

pixel intensity, pixel grey level, a Fourier descriptor, a wavelet coefficient, a statistical moment.

137. The computer program product of claim 135, further comprising:

executable code that uses at least one of said features to identify one or more regions of interest in an image.

138. The computer program product of claim 137, further comprising:

executable code that splits a region into a plurality of regions.

139. The computer program product of claim 137, further comprising:

executable code that merges a region with another region.

140. The computer program product of claim 137, wherein a region of interest is associated with at least one of:

a fire region, a smoke region, a hotspot region.

141. The computer program product of claim 140, wherein a region of interest is defined as a contiguous set of pixels.