Direct conversion energy discriminating CT detector with over-ranging correction

• US 7,260,174 B2
• Filed: 09/13/2004
• Issued: 08/21/2007
• Est. Priority Date: 09/13/2004
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: General Electric Company
• Original Assignee: General Electric Company
• Inventors: Senzig, Robert F., Hoffman, David M., Tkaczyk, John, LeBlanc, James, Du, Yanfeng
• Primary Examiner(s): KAO, CHIH CHENG G
• Application Number:
  US10/939,787
• Publication Number:
  US 20060056581A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,072 Days
• Field of Search: 378/19, 378/98.8, 378/98.7, 378/116, 378/207, 250/370.09, 250/363.05, 250/252.1, 250/363.07, 250/363.09
• US Class Current: 378/19
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/032 Transmission computed tomography [CT]
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/4241 using energy resolving detectors, e.g. photon counting
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/5205 involving processing of raw data to produce diagnostic data
• CPC Class Codes: G01T 1/2928 using solid state detectors

Abstract

A CT detector capable of energy discrimination and direct conversion is disclosed. The detector includes multiple layers of semiconductor material with the layers having varying thicknesses. The detector is constructed to be segmented in the x-ray penetration direction so as to optimize count rate performance as well as avoid saturation. The detector also includes variable pixel pitch and a flexible binning of pixels to further enhance count rate performance.

Claims

1. A CT scanner comprising:

a rotatable gantry having an opening to receive an object to be scanned;

an x-ray source configured to project x-ray photons toward the object;

a detector array having a plurality of detectors designed to provide energy sensitive output in response to detected x-ray photons, the energy sensitive output separately indicating at least one of a number of x-ray photons detected or an energy level of x-ray photons detected;

a data acquisition system (DAS) connected to the detector array and configured to receive the detector outputs;

an image reconstructor connected to the DAS and configured to reconstruct an image of the object from the detector outputs received by the DAS; and

means for determining an output for a given detector of the detector array when a portion of the given detector has reached an x-ray saturation state.

2. The CT scanner of claim 1 wherein the given detector includes multiple electrical contacts, each electrical contact designed to provide a photon count and/or energy discriminatory output to a channel of the DAS.

3. The CT scanner of claim 2 further comprising means for ignoring the output of an electrical contact of the given detector if that electrical contact has reached an x-ray saturation state.

4. The CT scanner of claim 3 further comprising means for executing a truth table to determine which electrical contact outputs to combine and input to the channel of the DAS.

5. The CT scanner of claim 1 wherein each detector includes a plurality of semiconductor layers designed to directly convert x-rays into electrical signals.

6. The CT scanner of claim 5 wherein the plurality of semiconductor layers includes a first layer and a second layer thinner than the first layer.

7. The CT scanner of claim 6 wherein the first layer is constructed to saturate before the second layer.

8. The CT scanner of claim 6 further comprising means for reading-out outputs from the first semiconductor layer and second semiconductor layer simultaneously.

9. The CT scanner of claim 8 wherein the means for reading-out includes a readout layer sandwiched between the first and the second semiconductor layers.

10. The CT scanner of claim 5 wherein the means for determining includes means for detecting saturation of a given semiconductor layer and means for using output of a non-saturated semiconductor layer to correct saturation of the given semiconductor layer.

11. The CT scanner of claim 1 wherein the given detector includes a capability for both CT and SPECT.

12. A shared detector CT/SPECT scanner comprising:

a rotatable gantry having an opening to receive an object to be scanned;

an x-ray source configured to project x-ray photons toward the object;

an interchangeable collimator to provide focus either for radiation emission from the object or a focal spot of the x-ray source;

a detector array having a plurality of detectors designed to provide energy sensitive output in response to detected x-ray photons, the energy sensitive output separately indicating at least one of a number of x-ray photons detected or an energy level of x-ray photons detected;

a data acquisition system (DAS) connected to the detector array and configured to receive the detector outputs;

an image reconstructor connected to the DAS and configured to reconstruct an image of the object from the detector outputs received by the DAS; and

means for determining an output for a given detector of the detector array when a portion of the given detector has reached an x-ray saturation state.