Method and apparatus of radiographic imaging with an energy beam tailored for a subject to be scanned

• US 7,260,182 B2
• Filed: 05/23/2006
• Issued: 08/21/2007
• Est. Priority Date: 10/27/2003
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: General Electric Company
• Original Assignee: General Electric Company
• Inventors: Hsieh, Jiang, Tkaczyk, John Eric, Toth, Thomas L.
• Primary Examiner(s): KAO, CHIH CHENG G
• Application Number:
  US11/419,851
• Publication Number:
  US 20060198496A1
• Time in Patent Office: 455 Days
• Field of Search: 378/4, 378/16, 378/156, 378/157, 378/158, 378/159, 250/505.1
• US Class Current: 378/157
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/032 Transmission computed tomography [CT]
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/4035 the source being combined with a filter or grating
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/4042 K-edge filters
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/4488 Means for cooling A61B6/045 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G01T 1/2985 In depth localisation, e.g. using positron emitters; Tomographic imaging (longitudinal and transverse section imaging; apparatus for radiation diagnosis sequentially in different planes, steroscopic radiation diagnosis); using external radiation sources A61B6/02
• CPC Class Codes: G21K 1/04 using variable diaphragms, shutters, choppers
• CPC Class Codes: G21K 1/10 Scattering devices; Absorbing devices; Ionising radiation filters

Abstract

A method and apparatus for tailoring the profile of an x-ray beam for radiographic imaging for a specific subject is disclosed. The invention includes a filter assembly having a pair of filters, each of which may be dynamically controlled by a motor assembly during data acquisition. The filters are positionable in the x-ray beam so as to shape the intensity profile of the x-ray beam. In one exemplary embodiment, the filters are dynamically positioned during CT data acquisition based on the shape of the subject. A method of determining the shape of the subject prior to CT data acquisition is also disclosed.

Claims

1. An x-ray filter assembly comprising:

a moveable first filter having a curved portion and a moveable second filter having a curved portion, the moveable first filter and the moveable second filter arranged to move with respect to one another so as to allow formation of a gap therebetween, and wherein the moveable first filter and the moveable second filter mirror one another relative to a central axis of x-ray projection from an x-ray source toward a subject;

a third filter having a length perpendicular to the central axis of x-ray projection from the x-ray source toward the subject, the length being longer than at least one of the moveable first and the moveable second filters perpendicular to the central axis of x-ray projection and the third filter being positioned more proximate to the subject than either one of the moveable first filter or the moveable second filter, and positioned to allow attenuation of x-rays that pass through the gap between the moveable first filter and the moveable second filter;

a first motor assembly connected to the moveable first filter and a second motor assembly connected to the moveable second filter; and

wherein the first and the second motor assemblies are configured to independently position a respective filter in an x-ray path to define an attenuation profile that substantially approximates a target shape.

2. The x-ray filter assembly of claim 1 wherein each moveable filter is defined by a base, the curved portion, and a tail, and wherein the first and the second motor assemblies are further configured to position the moveable first and second filters such that the tail of the moveable first filter is proximate to the tail of the moveable second filter.

3. The x-ray filter assembly of claim 1 wherein the third filter provides a non-zero minimum attenuation when the moveable first and second filters are not overlapping.

4. The x-ray filter assembly of claim 1 wherein the CT system.

5. The x-ray filter assembly of claim 4 wherein the CT system includes a computer programmed to determine the target shape from a scout scan of the subject to be imaged.

6. The x-ray filter assembly of claim 1 wherein the third filter is moveable.

7. A computed tomography (CT) system comprising:

a rotatable gantry having an opening to receive a subject to be scanned in a subject area;

an x-ray projection source configured to project an x-ray beam toward the subject area;

a pre-subject filter assembly including;

a pair of moveable filters, each moveable filter defined by a base, tail, and curved portion connecting the base to the tail, and wherein the pair of moveable filters are arranged such that the curved portion of one moveable filter generally faces an x-ray projection source and the curved portion of the other moveable filter generally faces an x-ray projection source;

a third filter having a length perpendicular to the central axis of x-ray projection from the source toward the subject, the length being longer than at least one filter of the moveable filters perpendicular to the central axis of x-ray projection;

a scintillator array having a plurality of scintillator cells wherein each cell is configured to detect x-rays passing through the subject;

a photodiode array optically coupled to the scintillator array and comprising a plurality of photodiodes configured to detect light output from a corresponding scintillator cell; and

a controller configured to independently position at least one filter of the pair of moveable filters in the x-ray beam so as to modulate the beam to have a profile that substantially matches at least an approximate shape of the subject.

8. The CT system of claim 7 wherein the pair of moveable filters mirror one another relative to the central axis of x-ray projection from the source toward the subject.

9. The CT system of claim 7 wherein the third filter is positioned more proximate to the subject than either one of the moveable filters.

10. The CT system of claim 7 further comprising a computer programmed to cause application of a scout scan of the subject and from the scout scan determine at least an approximate shape of the subject.

11. The CT system of claim 10 wherein the at least one filter of the pair of moveable filters is operationally connected to at least one motor that is operationally connected to the controller such that control signals transmitted to the controller by the computer cause the at least one motor to position the at least one filter of the pair of moveable filters in projection path to modulate the beam to have a desired profile.

12. The CT system of claim 7 wherein the third filter is moveable.