Linear amplification with non-linear components (LINC) modulator and method for generating out-phased signals for a LINC transmitter

• US 7,260,368 B1
• Filed: 04/07/2003
• Issued: 08/21/2007
• Est. Priority Date: 04/07/2003
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Intel Corporation
• Original Assignee: Intel Corporation
• Inventors: Blumer, Benny
• Primary Examiner(s): Maung; Nay
• Assistant Examiner(s): Chan; Richard
• Application Number:
  US10/408,135
• Time in Patent Office: 1,597 Days
• Field of Search: 455/567, 455/566, 455/550.1, 455/108, 455/91, 455/102, 455/110, 455/552.1, 379/179
• US Class Current: 455/108
• CPC Class Codes: H03D 2200/0033 Current mirrors
• CPC Class Codes: H03D 7/1433 using bipolar transistors H03D7/145 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H03D 7/1441 using field-effect transistors H03D7/145 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H03D 7/1458 Double balanced arrangements, i.e. where both input signals are differential
• CPC Class Codes: H03D 7/165 at least two frequency changers being located in different paths, e.g. in two paths with carriers in quadrature combined with amplitude demodulation H03D1/2245, combined with angle demodulation H03D3/007; N-path filters H03H19/002
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 1/02 Modifications of amplifiers to raise the efficiency, e.g. gliding Class A stages, use of an auxiliary oscillation
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 1/0205 in transistor amplifiers
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 1/0294 using vector summing of two or more constant amplitude phase-modulated signals
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 1/3211 in differential amplifiers
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 2200/324 An amplitude modulator or demodulator being used in the amplifier circuit
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 2200/336 A I/Q, i.e. phase quadrature, modulator or demodulator being used in an amplifying circuit
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 3/24 of transmitter output stages
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 3/4508 using bipolar transistors as the active amplifying circuit H03F3/45278 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 1/0483 Transmitters with multiple parallel paths
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 2001/045 with means for improving efficiency

Abstract

Embodiments of a linear amplification with non-linear components (LINC) modulator and method for generating out-phased signals for a LINC transmitter are generally disclosed.

Claims

1. A linear amplification with non-linear components (LINC) modulator comprising:

a first modulator to amplitude-modulate an in-phase RF oscillator signal with a first envelope-modulated baseband signal to generate a first differential current signal;

a second modulator to amplitude-modulate an out-of-phase RF oscillator signal with a second envelope-modulated baseband signal to generate a second differential current signal; and

a sum-delta element to sum the current signals from the first and second modulators to generate a first constant-envelope signal and to subtract the current signals from the first and second modulators to generate a second constant-envelope signal;

wherein the first modulator comprises;

a first differential pair of transistors to receive the first envelope-modulated baseband signal; and

second and third differential pairs of transistors coupled with the first differential pair to receive the in-phase RF signal and to generate the first differential current signal.

2. The LINC modulator of claim 1 wherein:

the first envelope-modulated baseband signal provides X-axis components of both the first and second constant-envelope signals;

the second envelope-modulated baseband signal provides positive and negative Y-axis components of both constant-envelope modulated signals;

the first constant envelope signal includes substantially the positive Y-axis component;

the second constant-envelope signal includes substantially the negative Y-axis component;

the first and second constant envelope signals include substantially the same X-axis components; and

the in-phase and out-of-phase RF oscillator signals are modulated with a separated phase component of the input baseband data signal.

3. The LINC modulator of claim 1 further comprising:

an oscillator to generate an RF oscillator signal;

a modulator to modulate the RF oscillator signal with a separated phase component of an input baseband data signal; and

a phase shifter to generate the in-phase and out-of-phase RF oscillator signals from the modulated RF oscillator signal.

4. The LINC modulator of claim 1 wherein the second AM modulator comprises:

a fourth differential pair of transistors to receive the second envelope-modulated baseband signal; and

a fifth and sixth differential pairs of transistors coupled with the fourth differential pair to receive the out-of-phase RF signal and to generate the second differential current signal.

5. The LINC modulator of claim 4 wherein the sum-delta element comprises:

a first set of cascoded common base transistors to sum the first and second differential current signals to generate the first constant-envelope signal; and

a second set of cascoded common base transistors to subtract the first and second differential current signals to generate the second constant-envelope signal.

6. The LINC modulator of claim 4 wherein the sum-delta element further comprises RLC circuits between the cascoded common base transistors and RF ground to improve signal-to-noise performance within an RF band of operation.

7. The LINC modulator of claim 4 wherein the sum-delta element further comprises resistive elements to couple the differential current signals from the AM modulators with the common base transistors, the resistive elements isolating outputs of the second, third, fifth and sixth differential pairs.

8. The LINC modulator of claim 1 wherein the first and second constant-envelope signals are phase-modulated signals which are subsequently amplified by non-linear power amplifiers and combined to generate an RF transmit signal for transmission by an antenna.

9. The LINC modulator of claim 8 wherein the amplitude component is separated from a phase component of the input baseband signal, and wherein both the first and second constant-envelope signals include the phase component of the input baseband signal.

10. A method of generating out-phased constant-envelope phase-modulated signals comprising:

amplitude modulating an in-phase RF oscillator signal with a first envelope-modulated baseband signal to generate a first differential current signal;

amplitude modulating an out-of-phase RF oscillator signal with a second envelope-modulated baseband signal to generate a second differential current signal; and

summing the first and second differential current signals to generate a first constant-envelope signal; and

subtracting the first and second differential current signals to generate a second constant-envelope signal;

wherein amplitude modulating an in-phase RF oscillator signal includes;

applying said first envelope-modulated baseband signal to a first differential pair of transistors; and

applying said in-phase RF oscillator signal to second and third differential pairs of transistors, that are coupled to said first differential pair of transistors, said second and third differential pairs of transistors to output said first differential current signal.

11. The method of claim 10 wherein prior to amplitude modulating, the method comprises:

separating amplitude and phase components of an input baseband data signal;

generating the first and second envelope-modulated baseband signals from the amplitude component of the input baseband data signal.

12. The method of claim 11 wherein:

the first envelope-modulated baseband signal provides X-axis components of both the first and second constant-envelope signals;

the second envelope-modulated baseband signal provides positive and negative Y-axis components of both the first and second constant-envelope modulated signals;

the first constant envelope signal includes substantially the positive Y-axis component; and

the second constant-envelope signal includes substantially the negative Y-axis component,

the in-phase and out-of-phase RF oscillator signals are modulated with a separated phase component of the input baseband data signal.

13. The method of claim 11 wherein prior to amplitude modulating, further comprising:

modulating an RF oscillator signal with the separated phase component of the input baseband signal; and

phase shifting the modulated RF oscillator signal to generate the in-phase and out-of-phase RF oscillator signals.

14. The method of claim 13 further comprising:

power amplifying the first and second constant-envelope signals; and

in-phase combining the amplified first and second constant-envelope signals for transmission.

15. A transmitter comprising:

a signal component separator and baseband envelope modulator element to separate amplitude and phase components of an input baseband signal and to convert the amplitude component to first and second envelope-modulated baseband signals; and

a LINC modulator comprising;

a first modulator to amplitude-modulate an in-phase RF oscillator signal with the first envelope-modulated baseband signal to generate a first differential current signal;

a second modulator to amplitude-modulate an out-of-phase RF oscillator signal with the second envelope-modulated baseband signal to generate a second differential current signal; and

a sum-delta element to sum the current signals from the first and second modulators to generate a first constant-envelope signal and to subtract the current signals from the first and second modulators to generate a second constant-envelope signal;

wherein the first modulator comprises;

a first differential pair of transistors to receive the first envelope-modulated baseband signal; and

second and third differential pairs of transistors coupled with the first differential pair to receive the in-phase RF signal and to generate the first differential current signal.

16. The transmitter of claim 15, wherein:

the first envelope-modulated baseband signal provides X-axis components of both first and second constant-envelope signals;

the second envelope-modulated baseband signal provides positive and negative Y-axis components of both the first and second constant-envelope modulated signals;

the first constant envelope signal includes substantially the positive Y-axis component; and

the second constant-envelope signal includes substantially the negative Y-axis component.

17. The transmitter of claim 16 further comprising:

a first non-linear power amplifier to amplify the first constant-envelope phase-modulated signal; and

a second non-linear power amplifier to amplify the second constant-envelope phase-modulated signal.

18. The transmitter of claim 17 further comprising a combiner to combine the amplified first and second constant-envelope phase-modulated signals before transmission.

19. The transmitter of claim 15 wherein the LINC modulator comprises:

an oscillator to generate an RF oscillator signal;

a modulator to modulate the RF oscillator signal with the separated phase component of the input baseband data signal; and

a phase shifter to generate in-phase and out-of-phase RF oscillator signals from the modulated RF oscillator signal.

20. The transmitter of claim 15 wherein:

the second modulator comprises;

a fourth differential pair of transistors to receive the second envelope-modulated baseband signal; and

fifth and sixth differential pairs of transistors coupled with the fourth differential pair to receive the out-of-phase RF signal and to generate the second differential current signal.

21. The transmitter of claim 15 wherein the sum-delta element comprises:

a first set of cascoded common base transistors to sum the first and second differential current signals to generate the first constant-envelope signal; and

a second set of cascoded common base transistors to subtract the first and second differential current signals to generate the second constant-envelope signal.

22. A wireless communication device comprising:

a transmitter to generate an RF signal for transmission; and

a dipole antenna to transmit the RF signal generated by the transmitter;

wherein the transmitter includes a LINC modulator to amplitude-modulate first and second envelope modulated baseband signals and generate out-phased constant-envelope phase-modulated RF signals, the out-phased constant-envelope phase-modulated RF signals to be amplified and combined before transmission, said LINC modulator comprising;

a first modulator to amplitude-modulate an in-phase RF oscillator signal with the first envelope-modulated baseband signal to generate a first differential current signal;

a second modulator to amplitude-modulate an out-of-phase RF oscillator signal with the second envelope-modulated baseband signal to generate a second differential current signal; and

a sum-delta element to sum the current signals from the first and second modulators to generate a first constant-envelope signal and to subtract the current signals from the first and second modulators to generate a second constant-envelope signal;

wherein the first modulator comprises;

a first differential pair of transistors to receive the first envelope-modulated baseband signal; and

second and third differential pairs of transistors coupled with the first differential pair to receive the in-phase RF signal and to generate the first differential current signal.

23. The wireless communication device of claim 22 wherein:

the first envelope-modulated baseband signal provides X-axis components of first and second constant-envelope signals;

the second envelope-modulated baseband signal provides positive and negative Y-axis components of both the first and second constant-envelope modulated signals;

the first constant envelope signal includes substantially the positive Y-axis component; and

the second constant-envelope signal includes substantially the negative Y-axis component;

wherein the in-phase and out-of-phase RF oscillator signals are modulated with a separated phase component of the input baseband data signal.

24. The wireless communication device of claim 23 wherein the transmitter comprises:

a signal component separator and baseband envelope modulator element to separate amplitude and phase components of the input baseband signal and to convert the amplitude component to the envelope modulated baseband signals;

a first non-linear power amplifier to amplify the first constant-envelope phase-modulated signal;

a second non-linear power amplifier to amplify the second constant-envelope phase-modulated signal; and

a combiner to combine the amplified first and second constant-envelope phase-modulated signals before transmission.

25. The wireless communication device of claim 24, wherein the LINC modulator comprises:

an oscillator to generate an RF oscillator signal;

a modulator to modulate the RF oscillator signal with the separated phase component of the input baseband data signal; and

a phase shifter to generate in-phase and out-of-phase RF oscillator signals from the modulated RF oscillator signal.

26. The wireless communication device of claim 22, wherein the sum-delta element comprises:

a first set of cascoded common base transistors to sum the first and second differential current signals to generate the first constant-envelope signal; and

a second set of cascoded common base transistors to subtract the first and second differential current signals to generate the second constant-envelope signal.