Implantable networked neural system

• US 7,260,436 B2
• Filed: 10/16/2002
• Issued: 08/21/2007
• Est. Priority Date: 10/16/2001
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Case Western Reserve University
• Original Assignee: Case Western Reserve University
• Inventors: Smith, Brian, Peckham, Paul Hunter, Kilgore, Kevin L., Crish, Timothy J.
• Primary Examiner(s): Manuel; George
• Assistant Examiner(s): Kramer; Nicole R.
• Application Number:
  US10/272,484
• Publication Number:
  US 20030139783A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,770 Days
• Field of Search: 607 39- 49, 607 53- 55, 607/60, 623/11.11, 623/25
• US Class Current: 607/60
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/36003 of motor muscles, e.g. for walking assistance
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/36128 Control systems
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/37288 Communication to several implantable medical devices within one patient
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/3787 from an external energy source

Abstract

A neural prosthesis includes a centralized device that can provide power, data, and clock signals to one or more individual neural prosthesis subsystems. Each subsystem may include a number of individually addressable, programmable modules that can be dynamically allocated or shared among neural prosthetic networks to achieve complex, coordinated functions or to operate in autonomous groups.

Claims

1. An implantable system comprising:

a first neural prosthesis controlling a nervous system in a first region of a body;

a second neural prosthesis controlling the nervous system in a second region of the body; and

a controller connected in a communicating relationship with the first neural prosthesis and the second neural prosthesis, the controller coordinating a transfer of data between the first neural prosthesis and the second neural prosthesis to achieve a body function that combines the first region of the body and the second region of the body;

wherein each prosthesis includes at least two modules implantable in living tissue, each module including at least one of a sensor or an actuator, each module also including a processor and a network interface which is configured to communicate with at least one other module; and

a power source providing a data signal and a power signal to each module, each module obtaining power from and solely being powered by the power signal.

2. The system of claim 1 wherein the power source further provides a clock signal.

3. The system of claim 2 wherein the clock signal is a variable system clock signal modulated onto the power signal for controlling power consumption by one or more of the plurality of modules.

4. The system of claim 1 wherein the nervous system includes at least one of sensory nerves, motor nerves, and neural circuits.

5. The system of claim 1 wherein the data signal includes control information for at least one of the plurality of modules.

6. The system of claim 1 wherein the data signal is addressable to one or more selected ones of the plurality of modules.

7. The system of claim 1 wherein one of the plurality of modules modulates a data signal onto the power signal.

8. The system of claim 1 wherein the communicating relationship includes a data network having a data transmission rate of at least 100 kbps.

9. The system of claim 1 wherein the communicating relationship includes a wireless network.

10. The system of claim 1 wherein the body function includes walking.

11. The system of claim 1 wherein the body function includes a muscle contraction in the first region in response to a user-initiated movement detected in the second region.

12. The system of claim 1 further comprising one or more additional neural prostheses.

13. The system of claim 12 wherein the one or more additional neural prostheses are connected in a communicating relationship with the controller.

14. The system of claim 12 wherein the one or more additional neural prostheses are connected to the first neural prosthesis or the second neural prosthesis.

15. The system of claim 1, wherein each one of the plurality of modules is a biocompatible, implantable device that shares a communication medium, the plurality of modules grouped into one or more networks across the communication medium wherein modules in a network operate autonomously to control a body function;

and

comprising a controller that dynamically reallocates one or more of the modules among the one or more networks to perform a different body function.

16. The system of claim 15 wherein the controller is a programmable controller coupled to the communication medium.

17. The system of claim 15 wherein the controller is distributed among programmable processors operating on each one of the plurality of modules.

18. The system of claim 15 wherein more than one of the one or more networks share one of the plurality of modules.

19. The system of claim 15 wherein the communication medium includes at least two branches that are physically separated from one another by a bridge.

20. The system of claim 19 wherein at least one of the networks includes a from each of two or more of the at least two branches, control data within the at least one of the networks being communicated through the bridge.

21. The system of claim 1 wherein each prosthesis includes a plurality of modules implantable in living tissue, each module including at least one actuator, each module also including a processor and a network interface which is configured to communicate with at least one other one of the plurality of modules within the same prosthesis.