Disk array apparatus

• US 7,269,674 B2
• Filed: 04/28/2006
• Issued: 09/11/2007
• Est. Priority Date: 09/01/2004
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Hitachi, Ltd.
• Original Assignee: Hitachi, Ltd.
• Inventors: Chikusa, Takashi, Yamaura, Satoru, Tachibana, Toshio, Maki, Takehiro, Honma, Hirotaka
• Primary Examiner(s): Huynh; Kim
• Assistant Examiner(s): Phan; Dean
• Application Number:
  US11/412,886
• Publication Number:
  US 20060195624A1
• Time in Patent Office: 501 Days
• Field of Search: 710/74, 710/300, 711/4, 711111-114, 719325-326
• US Class Current: 710/74
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/061 Improving I/O performance
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/0613 in relation to throughput
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/0656 Data buffering arrangements
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/0658 Controller construction arrangements
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/0659 Command handling arrangements, e.g. command buffers, queues, command scheduling
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/0661 Format or protocol conversion arrangements
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/0683 Plurality of storage devices
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/0689 Disk arrays, e.g. RAID, JBOD

Abstract

A disk array apparatus using an SAS can transfer data without lowering a transfer efficiency of data even if rates of a plurality of physical links connected to a controller and storage device are different. A plurality of HDDs are connected to a controller through an expander. Data are transferred from the controller to the expander and then to HDD. In this connection, the controller and the expander transfers a set of transfer data in a plurality of the HDD-side physical links. The controller-side physical link integrates the transfer data, and multiplexes them to transfer. A plurality of HDDs-side physical links separates the transfer data to transfer in parallel.

Claims

1. A storage system comprising:

a plurality of disk devices;

an SAS expander coupled to the plurality of disk devices via first physical links having a first level transmission rate; and

a controller coupled to the SAS expander via a second physical link having a second level transmission rate;

wherein the first level transmission rate is lower than the second level transmission rate,

wherein a plurality of RAID groups are configured in the plurality of disk devices,

wherein the controller receives information of the first level transmission rate and the second level transmission rate, determines a multiplexing ratio based on the information of the first and second level transmission rates, multiplexes data to be stored in at least two disk devices, each included in a first RAID group of the plurality of RAID groups, of the plurality of disk devices by using time division multiplexing according to the multiplexing ratio, transmits a predetermined parameter to the SAS expander to indicate that subsequent data are multiplexed, and transmits multiplexed data to the SAS expander, and

wherein when the SAS expander receives the predetermined parameter via the second physical link, the SAS expander demultiplexes the multiplexed data received after the predetermined parameter, and transmits demultiplexed data to the at least two disk devices included in the first RAID group to store the demultiplexed data in the at least two disk devices.

2. A storage system according to claim 1, wherein in the first RAID group, data and corresponding parity data are stored in different disk devices, and the controller multiplexes the data and the corresponding parity data to be stored in the different disk devices.

3. A storage system according to claim 1,

wherein in each RAID group, data and parity data generated by using the data are stored in different disk devices, and

wherein when the controller receives data written from a computer, the controller generates parity data corresponding to the data, multiplexes the data and the parity data, and transmits the multiplexed data to the SAS expander to store the data and the parity data in the different disk devices.

4. A storage system according to claim 1,

wherein when one disk device of the first RAID group fails, the controller instructs the SAS expander to read out data and parity data from remaining disk devices of the first RAID group, to generate data stored in the failed disk device.

5. A storage system according to claim 1,

wherein when data stored in the first RAID group are copied to a second RAID group of the plurality of RAID groups, the SAS expander reads data from plural disk devices of the first RAID group in parallel, multiplexes data read from the plural disk devices of the first RAID group by using time division multiplexing according to the multiplexing ratio, and transmits multiplexed data to the controller,

wherein the controller receives the multiplexed data from the SAS expander, transmits the multiplexed data to the SAS expander to store in other plural disk devices of the second RAID group, and

wherein the SAS expander receives the multiplexed data from the controller, demultiplexes the multiplexed data, and stores demultiplexed data in the other plural disk devices of the second RAID group.

6. A storage system according to claim 1,

wherein the second level transmission rate is n times higher than the first level transmission rate, n being an integer larger than 1, and

wherein the controller determines the multiplexing ratio as n.

7. A storage system according to 6,

wherein the first level transmission rate is 3.0 Gbps and the second level transmission rate is 6.0 Gbps.

8. A storage system according to claim 1,

wherein the controller multiplexes data to be stored in the at least two disk devices included in the first RAID group by a unit of dword.

9. A storage system comprising:

a controller;

a plurality of disk devices coupled to the controller; and

an SAS expander coupled to the plurality of disk devices via first physical links having a first level transmission rate and coupled to the controller via a second physical link having a second level transmission rate,

wherein a first RAID group including plural disk devices is configured by a part of the plurality of disk devices and a second RAID group including plural disk devices is configured by a different part of the plurality of disk devices,

wherein the second level transmission rate is higher than the first level transmission rate,

wherein the controller receives information to obtain a ratio of the second level transmission rate to the first level transmission rate, determines a multiplexing ratio based on the information, instructs the SAS expander to read data from the plural disk devices configuring the first RAID group and multiplexes the data by using time division multiplexing according to the determined multiplexing ratio, and

wherein the controller reads the data from the plural disk devices configuring the first RAID group, multiplexes the data by using time division multiplexing according to the determined multiplexing ratio, and transmits the multiplexed data to the controller.

10. A storage system according to claim 9, wherein

when data stored in the first RAID group are copied to the second RAID group, the SAS expander reads data from the plural disk devices configuring the first RAID group, multiplexes data read from the plural disk devices by time division multiplexing, and transmits multiplexed data to the controller,

wherein the controller receives the multiplexed data from the SAS expander, transmits the multiplexed data to the SAS expander to store in the plural disk devices configuring the second RAID group, and

wherein the SAS expander receives the multiplexed data from the controller, demultiplexes the multiplexed data, and stores demultiplexed data in the plural disk devices configuring the second RAID group.

11. A storage system according to claim 9,

wherein the second level transmission rate is n times higher than the first level transmission rate, n being an integer larger than 1, and

wherein the controller determines the multiplexing ratio as n.

12. A storage system according to 11,

wherein the first level transmission rate is 3.0 Gbps and the second level transmission rate is 6.0 Gbps.

13. A storage system according to claim 9,

wherein the SAS expander multiplexes data read from the plural disk devices configuring the first RAID group by a unit of dword.

14. A storage system comprising:

a controller;

an SAS expander coupled to the controller via a second physical link; and

a plurality of disk devices each coupled to the SAS expander via a first physical link,

wherein a plurality of RAID groups are configured in the plurality of disk devices,

wherein a transmission rate of the first physical link is lower than a transmission rate of the second physical link,

wherein the controller multiplexes data to be stored in plural disk devices belonging to a first RAID group of the plurality of RAID groups by time division multiplexing, transmits multiplexed data to the SAS expander via the second physical link, and

wherein the SAS expander receives the multiplexed data from the controller, demultiplexes the multiplexed data, and stores demultiplexed data to the plural disk devices belonging to the first RAID group in parallel.

15. A storage system according to claim 14,

wherein when the controller reads data from the first RAID group, the controller controls the SAS expander to read data from plural disk devices belonging to the first RAID group in parallel, multiplexes data read from the plural disk devices belonging to the first RAID group by time division multiplexing, and transmits multiplexed data to the controller, and

the controller receives the multiplexed data from the SAS expander and demultiplexes the multiplexed data.

16. A storage system according to claim 15,

when data are copied from the first RAID group to a second RAID group of the plurality of RAID groups, the controller controls the SAS expander to read data from plural disk devices belonging to the first RAID group in parallel, multiplexes data read from the plural disk devices belonging to the first RAID group by time division multiplexing, and transmits multiplexed data to the controller,

wherein the controller transmits the multiplexed data to the SAS expander to store in plural disk devices belonging to the second RAID group, and

wherein the SAS expander demultiplexes data and stores the demultiplexed data in the plural disk devices belonging to the second RAID group.