System and method for three-dimensional image rendering and analysis

• US 7,274,810 B2
• Filed: 04/10/2001
• Issued: 09/25/2007
• Est. Priority Date: 04/11/2000
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Cornell Research Foundation Incorporated (Cornell University)
• Original Assignee: Cornell Research Foundation Incorporated (Cornell University)
• Inventors: Reeves, Anthony P., Yankelevitz, David, Kostis, William J., Henschke, Claudia
• Primary Examiner(s): TUCKER, WESLEY J
• Assistant Examiner(s): Edwards; Patrick
• Application Number:
  US10/257,064
• Publication Number:
  US 20040252870A1
• Time in Patent Office: 2,359 Days
• Field of Search: 382/128, 382/131, 382/132, 382/133
• US Class Current: 382/128
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 11/008 Specific post-processing after tomographic reconstruction, e.g. voxelisation, metal artifact correction
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 15/08 Volume rendering
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 17/10 Constructive solid geometry [CSG] using solid primitives, e.g. cylinders, cubes
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 2200/04 involving 3D image data
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 2207/10081 Computed x-ray tomography [CT]
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 2207/30064 Lung nodule
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 2207/30096 Tumor; Lesion
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 5/30 Erosion or dilatation, e.g. thinning
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 5/70 Denoising; Smoothing
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 5/77 Retouching; Inpainting; Scratch removal
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 7/0012 Biomedical image inspection
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 7/11 Region-based segmentation
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 7/136 involving thresholding
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 7/155 involving morphological operators
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 7/62 of area, perimeter, diameter or volume

Abstract

The present invention relates to methods and systems for conducting three-dimensional image analysis and diagnosis and possible treatment relating thereto. The invention includes methods of handling signals containing information (data) relating to three-dimensional representation of objects scanned by a scanning medium. The invention also includes methods of making and analyzing volumetric measurements and changes in volumetric measurements which can be used for the purpose of diagnosis and treatment.

Claims

1. A method of estimating volumetric doubling time (DT) of an object which changes size, said object found in a mammalian host, comprising:

a. obtaining a measurement of a change of a volumetric characteristic of an object in a mammal over a time period, said object characterized as changing in size over a time period, said measurement of said change of said volumetric characteristic being obtained from an object at a first time (t₁) and at a later second time (t₂);

b. relating said change in said volumetric characteristic found in step (a) to said time period via an exponential size change model; and

c. determining an estimated doubling time (DT) by comparing volume change over said time period comprising;

(i) defining a minimum-detectable size dimension β

; and

(ii) calculating doubling time using volume measurement at t₂ and a volume measurement derived from said minimum-detectable size dimension β

, and the time period (Δ

t_s) between t₁ and t₂.

2. A method as in claim 1 wherein said measurement is obtained by two three-dimensional volumetric assessments of an existing object at said first time (t₁) and again at said later second time (t₂).

3. A method as in claim 2 wherein said exponential size change model is

4. A method as in claim 3 wherein said doubling time (DT) is determined as follows:

5. A method as in claim 1 which further comprises combining a retardation factor (R) with said standard exponential size change model.

6. A method as in claim 1 wherein said measurements are obtained from three-dimensional images provided from signals bearing three-dimensional data produced from scanning said host.

7. A method as in claim 6 wherein said image has been supersampled.

8. A method as in claim 6 wherein said image has been segmented.

9. A method as in claim 6 wherein said image has been supersampled and segmented.

10. A method as in claim 6 wherein said host is human and said object is a growth.

11. A method as in claim 1 and wherein said growth is a pulmonary nodule.

12. A method as in claim 11 wherein said pulmonary nodule is not greater than 10 mm in diameter.

13. A method as in claim 1 wherein said measurement of volume change is obtained from an object which is not detected at said first time (t₁), but which is detected at said second time (t₂).

14. A method as in claim 1 which comprises a determination of doubling time estimation as follows:

15. A method as in claim 1 wherein said volumetric characteristic is mean density and said change is change in mean density.

16. A method as in claim 1, wherein said object is or is not detectable at said first time (t₁).

17. An article of manufacture for estimating volumetric doubling time (DT) of an object which changes size, said object found in a mammalian host, comprising:

a machine readable-medium containing one or more programs which when executed implement the steps of;

a. obtaining a measurement of a change of a volumetric characteristic of an object in a mammal over a time period, said object characterized as changing in size over a time period, said measurement of said change of said volumetric characteristic being obtained from an object at a first time (t₁) and at a later second time (t₂);

b. relating said change in said volumetric characteristic found in step (a) to said time period via an exponential size change model; and

c. determining an estimated doubling time (DT) by comparing volume change over said time period comprising;

(i) defining a minimum-detectable size dimension β

; and

(ii) calculating doubling time using volume measurement at t₂ and a volume measurement derived from said minimum-detectable size dimension β

, and the time period (Δ

t_s) between t₁ and t₂.

18. An article of manufacture as in claim 17 wherein said measurement is obtained by two three-dimensional volumetric assessments of an existing object at a first time (t₁) and again at later second time (t₂).

19. An article of manufacture as in claim 18 wherein said exponential size change model is

20. An article of manufacture as in claim 19 wherein said doubling time (DT) is determined as follows:

21. An article of manufacture as in claim 17 which further comprises combining a retardation factor (R) with said standard exponential size change model.

22. An article of manufacture as in claim 17 wherein said measurements are obtained from three-dimensional images provided from signals bearing three-dimensional data produced from scanning said host.

23. An article of manufacture as in claim 22 wherein said image has been supersampled.

24. An article of manufacture as in claim 22 wherein said image has been segmented.

25. An article of manufacture as in claim 22 wherein said image has been supersampled and segmented.

26. An article of manufacture as in claim 17 wherein said host is human and said object is a growth.

27. An article of manufacture as in claim 17 and wherein said growth is a pulmonary nodule.

28. An article of manufacture as in claim 27 wherein said pulmonary nodule is not greater than 10 mm in diameter.

29. An article of manufacture as in claim 17 wherein said measurement of volume change is obtained from an object which is not detected at said first time (t₁), but which is detected at said second time (t₂).

30. An article of manufacture as in claim 17 which comprises a determination of doubling time estimation as follows:

31. An article of manufacture as in claim 17 wherein said volumetric characteristic is mean density and said change is change in mean density.

32. An article of manufacture as in claim 17, wherein said object is or is not detectable at said first time (t₁).

33. A system for estimating volumetric doubling time (DT) of an object which changes size, said object found in a mammalian host, comprising:

a processor configured to;

a. obtain a measurement of a change of a volumetric characteristic of an object in a mammal over a time period, said object characterized as changing in size over a time period, said measurement of said change of said volumetric characteristic being obtained from an object at a first time (t₁) and at a later second time (t₂).

b. relate said change in said volumetric characteristic found in step (a) to said time period via an exponential size change model; and

c. determine an estimated doubling time (DT) by comparing volume change over said time period comprising;

(i) define a minimum-detectable size dimension β

; and

(ii) calculate doubling time using volume measurement at t₂ and a volume measurement derived from said minimum-detectable size dimension β

, and the time period (Δ

t_s) between t₁ and t₂.

34. A system as in claim 33 wherein said processor is further configured to obtain said measurement by two three-dimensional volumetric assessments of an existing object at a first time (t₁) and again at later second time (t₂).

35. A system as in claim 34 wherein said exponential size change model is

36. A system as in claim 35 wherein said doubling time (DT) is determined as follows:

37. A system as in claim 33 wherein said processor is further configured to combine a retardation factor (R) with said standard exponential size change model.

38. A system as in claim 33 wherein said processor is further configured to obtain said measurement from three-dimensional images provided from signals bearing three-dimensional data produced from scanning said host.

39. A system as in claim 38 wherein said image has been supersampled.

40. A system as in claim 38 wherein said image has been segmented.

41. A system as in claim 38 wherein said image has been supersampled and segmented.

42. A system as in claim 33 wherein said host is human and said object is a growth.

43. A system as in claim 33 wherein said growth is a pulmonary nodule.

44. A system as in claim 43 wherein said pulmonary nodule is not greater than 10 mm in diameter.

45. A system as in claim 33 wherein said measurement of volume change is obtained from an object which is not detected at said first time (t₁), but which is detected at said second time (t₂).

46. A system as in claim 33 wherein said processor calculates a determination of doubling time estimation as follows:

47. A system as in claim 33 wherein said volumetric characteristic is mean density and said change is change in mean density.

48. A system as in claim 33, wherein said object is or is not detectable at said same time (t₁).