Trust mechanisms for a peer-to-peer network computing platform

• US 7,275,102 B2
• Filed: 06/07/2002
• Issued: 09/25/2007
• Est. Priority Date: 01/22/2001
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Oracle America, Inc. (Oracle Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Sun Microsystems Incorporated (Oracle Corporation)
• Inventors: Yeager, William J., Chen, Rita Y.
• Primary Examiner(s): Zeender; F. Ryan
• Assistant Examiner(s): Refai; Ramsey
• Application Number:
  US10/164,536
• Publication Number:
  US 20050086300A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,936 Days
• Field of Search: 709/212, 709216-218, 709/225, 709/227, 709/231, 709/232, 709/203, 709/205, 709/223, 709/224, 709/248, 709/251, 726/1
• US Class Current: 709/224
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 9/544 Buffers; Shared memory; Pipes
• CPC Class Codes: G06Q 30/02 Marketing; Price estimation or determination; Fundraising
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 63/029 Firewall traversal, e.g. tunnelling or, creating pinholes
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 63/0428 wherein the data content is protected, e.g. by encrypting or encapsulating the payload
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 63/08 for authentication of entities cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for entity authentication H04L9/32
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 63/105 Multiple levels of security
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 67/104 Peer-to-peer [P2P] networks
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 67/1046 Joining mechanisms
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 67/1057 involving pre-assessment of levels of reputation of peers
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 67/1068 Discovery involving direct consultation or announcement among potential requesting and potential source peers
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 67/1095 Replication or mirroring of data, e.g. scheduling or transport for data synchronisation between network nodes
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 67/34 involving the movement of software or configuration parameters network booting or remote initial program loading [RIPL] G06F9/4416
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 69/329 in the application layer [OSI layer 7]

Abstract

Embodiments of a decentralized, distributed trust mechanism that may be used in various networking platforms including peer-to-peer platforms, to implement trust relationships between and among peers and to implement trust relationships between peers and content and data (codat). Protocols and methods may be provided for determining, disseminating and updating trust. For participating peers, trust may be biased towards data relevance. Trust may have multiple components or factors, which may include peer confidence, codat confidence and risk components, and embodiments may provide for the inclusion of factors of trust based on a peer group'"'"'s interests and/or group content relevance. Embodiments may be used for a variety of applications in which trust may be based on the norm for social interaction between participating peers.

Claims

1. A peer computing system, comprising:

a plurality of peer nodes configured to implement a peer-to-peer environment on a network according to a peer-to-peer platform;

wherein at least a subset of the plurality of peer nodes is configured to participate in an area of interest to find and exchange codats relevant to the area of interest, wherein a codat is computer-representable content or data; and

wherein the at least a subset of the plurality of peer nodes is further configured to participate in a distributed trust mechanism to establish and maintain trust relationships among the at least a subset of the plurality of peer nodes in the area of interest from trust evaluations of codat exchange among the at least a subset of the plurality of peer nodes in the area of interest;

wherein, to participate in the distributed trust mechanism, each peer node in the at least a subset of the plurality of peer nodes is configured to;

locally maintain trust information including trust evaluations of other peer nodes and trust evaluations of codats exchanged among the at least a subset of the plurality of peer nodes in the area of interest;

propagate the locally maintained trust information among the other nodes in the at least a subset of the plurality of peer nodes;

update the locally maintained information in accordance with the propagated trust information received by said each peer node in the at least a subset of the plurality of peer nodes; and

apply the locally maintained trust information in locally performing trust evaluations of codat exchange among the at least a subset of the plurality of peer nodes in the area of interest.

2. The peer computing system as recited in claim 1, wherein, to establish and maintain trust relationships, each peer node in the at least a subset of the plurality of peer nodes is configured to:

receive a set of one or more codats relevant to the area of interest from another the at least a subset of the peer nodes;

determine trust in the set of codats received from the other peer node in accordance with the distributed trust mechanism; and

determine trust in the other peer node as a provider of codats relevant to the area of interest from the determined trust in the set of codats in accordance with the distributed trust mechanism.

3. The peer computing system as recited in claim 2, wherein, to determine trust in the set of codats, each peer node in the at least a subset of the plurality of peer nodes is further configured to, for each codat in the set of codats:

determine popularity of the codat among the at least a subset of the plurality of peer nodes;

determine relevance of the codat to the area of interest; and

determine the trust in the codat from the popularity of the codat and the relevance of the codat.

4. The peer computing system as recited in claim 1, wherein, to establish and maintain trust relationships, each peer node in the at least a subset of the plurality of peer nodes is configured to:

determine risk associated with another peer node in the at least a subset of the plurality of peer nodes;

determine trust in a set of codats received from the other peer node in accordance with the distributed trust mechanism; and

determine trust in the other peer node as a provider of codats relevant to the area of interest from the risk associated with the other peer node and the determined trust in the set of codats in accordance with the distributed trust mechanism.

5. The peer computing system as recited in claim 4, wherein risk is determined from one or more of integrity of codats provided by the other peer node, accessibility of the other peer node, and performance of the other peer node.

6. The peer computing system as recited in claim 1, wherein, to establish and maintain trust relationships, each peer node in the at least a subset of the plurality of peer nodes is configured to:

receive a set of one or more codats relevant to the area of interest from another peer node in the at least a subset of the plurality of peer nodes;

determine trust in the set of codats received from the other peer node in accordance with the distributed trust mechanism; and

propagate the determined trust in the set of codats to one or more peer nodes in the at least a subset of the plurality of peer nodes.

7. The peer computing system as recited in claim 1, wherein, to establish and maintain trust relationships, each peer node in the at least a subset of the plurality of peer nodes is configured to:

determine trust in another peer node in the at least a subset of the plurality of peer nodes as a provider of codats relevant to the area of interest; and

propagate the determined trust in the other peer node to one or more peer nodes in the at least a subset of the plurality of peer nodes.

8. The peer computing system as recited in claim 1, wherein the peer-to-peer platform comprising one or more peer-to-peer platform protocols for enabling peer nodes to discover each other, to communicate with each other, and to find and exchange codats in the peer-to-peer environment.

9. A peer node, comprising:

a processor;

a memory comprising program instructions, wherein the program instructions are executable by the processor to;

participate in an area of interest with other peer nodes on a network to find and exchange codats relevant to the area of interest, wherein a codat is computer-representable content or data; and

implement a distributed trust mechanism to establish and maintain trust relationships with the other peer nodes on the network in the area of interest from trust evaluations of codat exchange with the other peer nodes in the area of interest;

wherein, to establish and maintain trust relationships, the program instructions are further executable by the processor to;

receive a set of one or more codats relevant to the area of interest from another peer node on the network;

determine trust in the set of codats received from the other peer node in accordance with the distributed trust mechanism; and

determine trust in the other peer node as a provider of codats relevant to the area of interest from the determined trust in the set of codats in accordance with the distributed trust mechanism;

wherein, to determine trust in the set of codats, the program instructions are further executable by the processor to, for each codat in the set of codats;

determine popularity of the codat among the other peer nodes on the network;

determine relevance of the codat to the area of interest; and

determine the trust in the particular codat from the popularity of the codat and the relevance of the codat.

10. The peer node as recited in claim 9, wherein, to establish and maintain trust relationships, the program instructions are further executable by the processor to:

determine risk associated with another peer node on the network;

determine trust in a set of codats received from the other peer node in accordance with the distributed trust mechanism; and

determine trust in the other peer node as a provider of codats relevant to the area of interest from the risk associated with the other peer node and the determined trust in the set of codats in accordance with the distributed trust mechanism.

11. The peer node as recited in claim 10, wherein risk is determined from one or more of integrity of codats provided by the other peer node, accessibility of the other peer node, and performance of the other peer node.

12. The peer node as recited in claim 9, wherein, to establish and maintain trust relationships, the program instructions are further executable by the processor to:

receive a set of one or more codats relevant to the area of interest from another peer node on the network;

determine trust in the set of codats received from the other peer node in accordance with the distributed trust mechanism; and

propagate the determined trust in the set of codats to one or more of the other peer nodes on the network.

13. The peer node as recited in claim 9, wherein, to establish and maintain trust relationships, the program instructions are further executable by the processor to:

determine trust in another peer node on the network as a provider of codats relevant to the area of interest; and

propagate the determined trust in the other peer node to one or more of the other peer nodes on the network.

14. The peer node as recited in claim 9, wherein the program instructions are further executable within the peer node to participate with the other peer nodes on the network in a peer-to-peer environment on the network according to a peer-to-peer platform comprising one or more peer-to-peer platform protocols for enabling peer nodes to discover each other, to communicate with each other, and to find and exchange codats in the peer-to-peer environment.

15. A method, comprising:

a peer node participating in an area of interest with other peer nodes on a network, wherein the peer nodes are configured to implement a peer-to-peer environment on the network according to a peer-to-peer platform, to find and exchange codats relevant to the area of interest, wherein a codat is computer-representable content or data; and

the peer node establishing and maintaining trust relationships with the other peer nodes on the network in the area of interest from trust evaluations of codat exchange with the other peer nodes in the area of interest in accordance with a distributed trust mechanism;

wherein said establishing and maintaining trust relationships comprises;

locally maintaining trust evaluations of the other peer nodes and trust evaluations of codats exchanged among the peer nodes in the area of interest;

propagating the locally maintained trust evaluations of the other peer nodes and trust evaluations of codat among the at least a subset of the plurality of peer nodes;

updating the locally maintained trust evaluations of the other peer nodes in accordance with propagated trust evaluations of other peer nodes received by the peer node; and

applying the locally maintained trust evaluations of other peer nodes in locally performing trust evaluations of codat exchange among the at least a subset of the plurality of peer nodes in the area of interest.

16. The method as recited in claim 15, wherein, in said establishing and maintaining trust relationships, the method further comprises:

receiving on the peer node a set of one or more codats relevant to an area of interest from another peer node on the network;

determining trust in the set of codats received from the other peer node in accordance with the distributed trust mechanism; and

determining trust in the other peer node as a provider of codats relevant to the area of interest from the determined trust in the set of codats in accordance with the distributed trust mechanism.

17. The method as recited in claim 16, wherein, in said determining trust in the set of codats, the method further comprises, for each codat in the set of codats:

determining popularity of the codat among the other peer nodes;

determining relevance of the codat to the area of interest; and

determining the trust in the codat from the popularity of the codat and the relevance of the codat.

18. The method as recited in claim 15, wherein, in said establishing and maintaining trust relationships, the method further comprises:

determining risk associated with another peer node on the network;

determining trust in a set of codats received from the other peer node in accordance with the distributed trust mechanism; and

determining trust in the other peer node as a provider of codats relevant to the area of interest from the risk associated with the other peer node and the determined trust in the set of codats in accordance with the distributed trust mechanism.

19. The method as recited in claim 18, wherein risk is determined from one or more of integrity of codats provided by the other peer node, accessibility of the other peer node, and performance of the other peer node.

20. The method as recited in claim 15, wherein, in said establishing and maintaining trust relationships, the method further comprises:

receiving on the peer node a set of one or more codats relevant to the area of interest from another peer node on the network;

determining trust in the set of codats received from the other peer node in accordance with the distributed trust mechanism; and

propagating the determined trust in the set of codats to one or more of the other peer nodes on the network.

21. The method as recited in claim 15, wherein, in said establishing and maintaining trust relationships, the method further comprises:

determining trust in another peer node on the network as a provider of codats relevant to the area of interest; and

propagating the determined trust in the other peer node to one or more of the other peer nodes on the network.

22. The method as recited in claim 17, wherein the peer-to-peer platform comprising one or more peer-to-peer platform protocols for enabling peer nodes to discover each other, communicate with each other, and to find and exchange codats in the peer-to-peer environment.

23. A tangible, computer-accessible storage medium, comprising program instructions, wherein the program instructions are computer-executable to implement, on a peer node of a plurality of peer nodes on a network, the following steps:

participating in an area of interest with other peer nodes from the plurality of peer nodes, to find and exchange codats relevant to the area of interest, wherein a codat is computer-representable content or data and the plurality of peer nodes are configured to implement a peer-to-peer environment according to a peer to peer platform; and

establishing and maintaining trust relationships with the other peer nodes on the network in the area of interest from trust evaluations of codat exchange with the other peer nodes in the area of interest in accordance with the distributed trust mechanism;

wherein, in said establishing and maintaining trust relationships, the program instructions are computer-executable to implement the following steps on the peer node;

locally maintaining trust evaluations of the other peer nodes and trust evaluations of codats exchanged among the plurality of peer nodes in the area of interest;

propagating the locally maintained trust evaluations of the other peer nodes and trust evaluations of codats among the plurality of peer nodes;

updating the locally maintained trust evaluations of the other peer nodes in accordance with the propagated trust evaluations of the other peer nodes received by the peer node; and

applying the locally maintained trust evaluations of other peer nodes in locally performing trust evaluations of codat exchange among the plurality of peer nodes in the area of interest.

24. The tangible, computer-accessible medium as recited in claim 23, wherein, in said establishing and maintaining trust relationships, the program instructions are further executable to implement, on the peer node:

receiving a set of one or more codats relevant to an area of interest from another peer node on the network;

determining trust in the set of codats received from the other peer node in accordance with the distributed trust mechanism; and

determining trust in the other peer node as a provider of codats relevant to the area of interest from the determined trust in the set of codats in accordance with the distributed trust mechanism.

25. The tangible, computer-accessible medium as recited in claim 24, wherein, in said determining trust in the set of codats, the program instructions are further executable to implement:

for each codat in the set of codats;

determining popularity of the codat among the other peer nodes;

determining relevance of the codat to the area of interest; and

determining the trust in the particular codat from the popularity of the codat and the relevance of the codat.

26. The tangible, computer-accessible medium as recited in claim 23, wherein, in said establishing and maintaining trust relationships, the program instructions are further executable to implement, on the peer node:

determining risk associated with another peer node on the network;

determining trust in a set of codats received from the other peer node in accordance with the distributed trust mechanism; and

determining trust in the other peer node as a provider of codats relevant to the area of interest from the risk associated with the other peer node and the determined trust in the set of codats in accordance with the distributed trust mechanism.

27. The tangible, computer-accessible medium as recited in claim 26, wherein the program instructions are further executable to implement, on the peer node, determining risk from one or more of integrity of codats provided by the other peer node, accessibility of the other peer node, and performance of the other peer node.

28. The tangible, computer-accessible medium as recited in claim 23, wherein, in said establishing and maintaining trust relationships, the program instructions are further executable to implement, on the peer node:

receiving a set of one or more codats relevant to the area of interest from another peer node on the network;

determining trust in the set of codats received from the other peer node in accordance with the distributed trust mechanism; and

propagating the determined trust in the set of codats to one or more of the other peer nodes on the network.

29. The tangible, computer-accessible medium as recited in claim 23, wherein, in said establishing and maintaining trust relationships, the program instructions are further executable to implement, on the peer node:

determining trust in another peer node on the network as a provider of codats relevant to the area of interest; and

propagating the determined trust in the other peer node to one or more of the other peer nodes on the network.

30. The tangible, computer-accessible medium as recited in claim 25, wherein the peer-to-peer platform comprising one or more peer-to-peer platform protocols for enabling peer nodes to discover each other, communicate with each other, and to find and exchange codats in the peer-to-peer environment.