Radio frequency envelope apparatus and method

• US 7,276,966 B1
• Filed: 10/28/2004
• Issued: 10/02/2007
• Est. Priority Date: 10/28/2003
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: STMicroelectronics NV
• Original Assignee: STMicroelectronics NV
• Inventors: Redgrave, Jason Rupert, Norsworthy, Steven R., Tham, Andrew
• Primary Examiner(s): Choe; Henry
• Application Number:
  US10/978,015
• Time in Patent Office: 1,069 Days
• Field of Search: 330/136, 330/253, 330/255, 330/257, 330/261
• US Class Current: 330/136
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 1/0222 by using a signal derived from the input signal
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 1/0233 by using a signal derived from the output signal, e.g. bootstrapping the voltage supply
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 1/32 Modifications of amplifiers to reduce non-linear distortion by negative feedback H03F1/34
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 1/3211 in differential amplifiers
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 1/3294 Acting on the real and imaginary components of the input signal
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 2200/102 A non-specified detector of a signal envelope being used in an amplifying circuit
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 2203/45568 the IC comprising one or more diodes as shunt to the input leads
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 3/45183 Long tailed pairs H03F3/4521, H03F3/45237 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H03G 3/3042 in modulators, frequency-changers, transmitters or power amplifiers transmission power control in bidirectional transmission systems H04W52/04

Abstract

Improved radio frequency (RF) envelope tracking apparatus for use in wireless and wired systems. In one exemplary embodiment, a transmitter upconversion stage receives input digital I and Q values, the output of the upconversion stage being fed to both an envelope tracking circuit and a power amplifier (before or after optional filtering). The envelope tracking circuit controls the operation of a power modulator, which adjusts the power amplifier. The envelope tracking circuit is specifically configured to provide improved linearity and power efficiency. The envelope tracking apparatus and methods of the present invention may be applied to heterodyne/super-heterodyne architectures as well as others.

Claims

1. Envelope tracking apparatus for use in an RF transmitter and/or receiver circuit, comprising:

an input node;

a first transistor device having a control terminal in electrical communication with said input node;

a resistor disposed electrically between said input node and said control terminal of said first transistor;

a second transistor device in electrical communication with said first device, the first and second transistor devices each having a conduction terminal coupled to a conduction terminal of the other of the first and second transistor devices;

a third transistor device in electrical communication with said first device;

a fourth transistor device having a control terminal in electrical communication with said first transistor device and said third transistor device, a conduction terminal of said fourth device being in electrical communication with a control terminal of said second device and an output node;

wherein when a first voltage applied to the input node is lower than a second voltage at said output node, said third and fourth transistor devices cooperate to lower said second voltage, said lowered second voltage substantially tracking said first voltage.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a capacitor coupled to said output node so as to filter at least a portion of the frequencies present within said second lowered voltage.

3. The apparatus of claim 2, further comprising at least one current source coupled to said output node and adapted to raise the voltage of said output node over a period of time.

4. The apparatus of claim 2, further comprising at least one current source coupled to said first and second transistors.

5. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein a capacitance value of the capacitor is adjustable.

6. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein current passing through the at least one current source is adjustable.

7. An envelope tracking circuit for use in an RF circuit, comprising:

an input node;

a first transistor electrically coupled to said input node;

an output node;

a second transistor electrically coupled to said output node and said first transistor; and

first and second current sources, said first current source coupled to said first and second transistors, said second current source coupled to said output node;

wherein said first and second current sources substantially control the tracking by an output waveform envelope generated at said output node of an input waveform envelope applied to said input node.

8. The circuit of claim 7, further comprising a capacitor coupled to said output node;

and

wherein said capacitor and said first and second sources control said tracking according to the following relationship;

dV/dt=I/C

where I comprises the currents produced by said first and second sources during first and second portions of said input waveform envelope, respectively, C is the capacitance of the capacitor, and V is the voltage across the capacitor.

9. The circuit of claim 7, wherein said first current source substantially controls the rate at which said output waveform achieves a trough voltage of said input waveform.

10. The circuit of claim 9, wherein said second current source substantially causes said output waveform to recover from said trough voltage of said input waveform.

11. The circuit of claim 8, wherein said first current source substantially lowers said output waveform during a trough voltage of said input waveform, and said second current source substantially raises said output waveform during portions of said input waveform.

12. Envelope tracking apparatus for use in at least one of an RF transmitter or receiver circuit, comprising:

an input node;

a first transistor device having a control terminal coupled to said input node;

an output node;

a second transistor device coupled to said first transistor device, said second transistor device having a control terminal coupled to said output node; and

a third transistor device coupled to said output node and said control terminal of said second transistor device;

wherein said first, second and third transistor devices cooperate to substantially track the signal at said output node to the signal applied to said input node.

13. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein a conduction terminal of the second transistor device is coupled to a conduction terminal of the first transistor device.

14. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein a control terminal of the third transistor device is coupled to a conduction terminal of the first transistor device.

15. The apparatus of claim 12, further comprising a first current source coupled to the conduction terminals of the first and second transistor devices.

16. The apparatus of claim 15, further comprising and a second current source coupled to the output node.

17. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein said first and second transistor devices are in substantially mirror-image configuration within said apparatus between said input node and said output node.

18. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein when said voltage applied to the input node is lower than said voltage existing at said output node, said third transistor device is operative to lower said output node voltage.

19. The apparatus of claim 18, further comprising a fourth transistor device in communication with one of the emitter or collector of said first device, said one of the emitter or collector further being in communication with the base of said third device.

20. The apparatus of claim 18, further comprising a capacitor coupled to said output node, said capacitor substantially filtering at least one frequency band from said voltage at said output node.

21. An envelope tracking circuit for use in an RF circuit, comprising:

an input node;

a first transistor electrically coupled to said input node;

an output node;

a second transistor electrically coupled to said output node and said first transistor; and

first and second current sources, said first current source coupled to said first and second transistors, said second current source coupled to said output node;

wherein said first and second current sources are utilized in controlling the tracking by an output waveform envelope generated at said output node of an input waveform envelope applied to said input node; and

wherein currents provided by said first and second current sources are controlled substantially according to a plurality of control parameters.

22. The circuit of claim 21, further comprising a capacitor coupled to said output node;

and

wherein said capacitor and said first and second sources control said tracking according to the following relationship;

dV/dt=I/C

where I comprises current values produced by said first and second sources based at least in part on said control parameters during first and second portions of said input waveform envelope, respectively, and C comprises a capacitance value of said capacitor.

23. Envelope tracking apparatus for use in an RF communication device, comprising:

an input node;

a first switching means in electrical communication with said input node;

an output node;

a second switching means in electrical communication with said first device, said second device in electrical communication with said second node; and

a third switching means in electrical communication with said output node and said second device;

wherein said first, second and third switching means cooperate to substantially match the voltage generated at said output node to the voltage applied to said input node.