Two phase reservations for packet networks

• US 7,277,944 B1
• Filed: 05/31/2001
• Issued: 10/02/2007
• Est. Priority Date: 05/31/2001
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Cisco Technology, Inc. (Cisco Systems, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Cisco Technology, Inc. (Cisco Systems, Inc.)
• Inventors: Oran, David R., Davie, Bruce S.
• Primary Examiner(s): Cardone; Jason
• Assistant Examiner(s): HOSSAIN, TANIM M
• Application Number:
  US09/871,119
• Time in Patent Office: 2,315 Days
• Field of Search: 709/219, 709/226, 709/238, 709/239, 370/229, 370/252, 370/395.4
• US Class Current: 709/226
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 47/70 Admission control; Resource allocation
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 47/724 at intermediate nodes, e.g. resource reservation protocol [RSVP]
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 47/801 Real time traffic
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 47/826 Involving periods of time

Abstract

A two phase reservation mechanism for use with computer networks carrying voice or other time or bandwidth sensitive traffic. During the first or “resource allocation” phase, network resources sufficient to support the anticipated voice traffic are set aside within the computer network along the route between the sourcing entity and receiving entity. Although the network resources have been set aside, they are specifically not made available to the voice traffic, until the second phase of the reservation mechanism, called the “resource available” phase. During the resource available phase, the network resources that were previously set aside are now made available to the voice traffic.

Claims

1. A network device for use in a computer network carrying network traffic, the network device comprising:

a traffic scheduler having one or more resources for use in forwarding network traffic received at the device at different rates;

a classification engine configured to identify received network traffic based upon predefined criteria; and

a resource reservation engine in communicating relationship with the traffic scheduler and the classification engine,

wherein, in response to a first request to reserve resources for a given traffic flow from a destination entity, the resource reservation engine allocates one or more resources to the given traffic flow, but does not make the one or more allocated resources available to the given traffic flow until receiving a second request to reserve the one or more resources from the destination entity indicating that the destination entity accepts the traffic flow.

2. The network device of claim 1 wherein:

the resource reservation engine utilizes a modified Resource reSerVation Protocol (RSVP) specification standard, and

the first and second reservation requests are modified RSVP Reservation (Resv) messages.

3. The network device of claim 2 wherein:

the first and second modified Resv messages each include a two phase reservation flag,

in the first modified Resv message, the two phase reservation flag is asserted, and

in the second modified Resv message, the two phase reservation flag is deasserted.

4. The network device of claim 1 wherein packets corresponding to the given traffic flow are forwarded by the device in a best efforts manner after receipt of the first request and prior to receipt of the second request.

5. The network device of claim 4 wherein packets corresponding to the given traffic flow are forwarded with the one or more allocated resources after receipt of the second request.

6. The network device of claim 1, further comprising:

a timer to measure a predetermined time period, wherein the resource reservation engine discards the allocation of the one or more resources if the second reservation message is not received prior to expiration of the predetermined time period.

7. The network device of claim 1, wherein the traffic flow is a Voice over IP (VoIP) call to the destination entity.

8. The network device of claim 7, wherein that the destination entity accepts the VoIP call in response to removal of a handset from a cradle of the destination entity.

9. The network device of claim 7, wherein the destination entity accepts the VoIP call in response to interaction with a Voice Over Internet Protocol (VoIP) application on the destination entity.

10. The network device of claim 1, wherein the first and the second requests to reserve resources originate from the destination entity.

11. In a computer network having a plurality of entities interconnected by a plurality of intermediate network devices having one or more resources for use in forwarding network traffic, a method for providing end-to-end resource reservations along a route between two or more entities, the method comprising the steps of:

receiving a first resource reservation message at a given intermediate network device disposed along the network route, the first resource reservation message from a destination entity, the first resource reservation message identifying a traffic flow between one or more entities and the destination entity, and requesting a reservation of resources;

in response to receiving the first resource reservation message, allocating one or more of the device'"'"'s resources for use in forwarding network traffic between the one or more entities and the destination entity; and

withholding the one or more allocated resources from being applied to the traffic flow between the one or more entities and the destination entity, until the given intermediate network device receives a second resource reservation message from the destination entity, the second resource reservation message identifying the traffic flow and indicating that the destination entity accepts the traffic flow.

12. The method of claim 11 further comprising the step of:

in response to receiving the second resource reservation message, making the one or more allocated resources available for use in forwarding the traffic flow between the one or more entities and the destination entity.

13. The method of claim 12 wherein the first and second resource reservation messages are modified Resource reSerVation Protocol (RSVP) Reservation (Resv) messages.

14. The method of claim 12 wherein the steps of allocating one or more of the device'"'"'s resources, withholding the one or more allocated resources and making the one or more allocated resources available are performed at each intermediate network device disposed along the route between the two or more entities.

15. The method of claim 11, wherein the traffic flow is a Voice over IP (VoIP) call to the destination entity.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein that the destination entity accepts the VoIP call in response to removal of a handset from a cradle of the destination entity.

17. The method of claim 15, wherein the destination entity accepts the VoIP call in response to interaction with a Voice Over Internet Protocol (VoIP) application on the destination entity.

18. The method of claim 11, wherein the first and the second requests to reserve resources originate from the destination entity.

19. A method for providing resource reservations along a route through a computer network between two or more entities the method comprising the steps of:

generating a first resource reservation message by a destination entity identifying a traffic flow and requesting a reservation of resources;

configuring the first resource reservation message to include a first two phase reservation flag;

asserting the first two phase reservation flag so that resources within the network will be allocated, but not made available to the identified traffic flow until the destination entity accepts the traffic flow

generating a second resource reservation message by the destination entity identifying the traffic flow;

configuring the second resource reservation message to include a second two phase reservation flag; and

deasserting the second two phase reservation flag so that the allocated resources are made available for application to the identified traffic flow.

20. A router, comprising:

means for receiving a first resource reservation message from a destination entity, the first resource reservation message identifying a traffic flow between one or more entities and the destination entity, the first resource reservation message requesting a reservation of resources;

means for allocating, in response to the first resource reservation message, one or more of the router'"'"'s resources for use in forwarding network traffic between the one or more entities and the destination entity, but not making available the one or more router'"'"'s resources to the identified traffic flow;

means for receiving a second resource reservation message from the destination entity; and

means for making available, in response to the second resource reservation message, the one or more router'"'"'s resources to the identified traffic flow.

21. A computer readable media having information written thereon, the information having instructions for execution on a processor for operating a router, the instructions for:

receiving a first resource reservation message from a destination entity, the first resource reservation message identifying a traffic flow between one or more entities and the destination entity, the first resource reservation message requesting a reservation of resources;

allocating, in response to the first resource reservation message, one or more of the router'"'"'s resources for use in forwarding network traffic between the one or more entities and the destination entity, but not making available the one or more router'"'"'s resources to the identified traffic flow;

receiving a second resource reservation message from the destination entity; and

making available, in response to the second resource reservation message, the one or more router'"'"'s resources to the identified traffic flow.

22. A method for operating a router, comprising:

receiving a first modified Resource reSerVation Protocol (RSVP) message transmitted by a destination entity to a source entity;

allocating resources between the source entity and the destination entity for a Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) call, in response to the first modified RSVP message, and not making the resources available;

receiving, as an indication of acceptance of the VoIP call by the destination entity, a second RSVP message from the destination entity; and

making available the previously allocated resources for the VoIP call in response to receiving the second RSVP message.

23. The method of claim 22, further comprising:

including in the first and second RSVP message a phase reservation flag, the first RSVP message having an asserted phase reservation flag, the second RSVP message having a deasserted phase reservation flag, and when the phase reservation flag is deasserted, making available the resources that were previously allocated.

24. A router, comprising:

means for receiving a first modified Resource reSerVation Protocol (RSVP) message transmitted by a destination entity to a source entity;

means for allocating resources between the source entity and the destination entity for a Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) call, in response to the first modified RSVP message, and not making the resources available;

means for receiving, as an indication of acceptance of the VoIP call by the destination entity, a second RSVP message from the destination entity; and

means for making available the previously allocated resources for the VoIP call in response to receiving the second RSVP message.

25. The router of claim 24, wherein the first modified RSVP message has an asserted phase reservation flag, the second modified RSVP message has a deasserted phase reservation flag, and the means for making available is responsive to when the reservation flag is deasserted.

26. An apparatus comprising:

a traffic scheduler having one or more resources for use in forwarding network traffic;

a resource reservation engine configured to receive a first resource reservation message from a destination entity, the first resource reservation message identifying a traffic flow between a source entity and the destination entity, the resource reservation engine, in response to the first resource reservation message, to direct the traffic scheduler to allocate the one or more resources to the traffic flow, but not make the one or more resources available to the traffic flow; and

the resource reservation engine further configured to receive a second resource reservation message from the destination entity, the second resource reservation message identifying the traffic flow, the resource reservation engine, in response to the second resource reservation message, to direct the traffic scheduler to make the one or more resources available to the traffic flow.

27. The apparatus of claim 26 wherein the first resource reservation message and the second resource reservation message are modified Resource reSerVation Protocol (RSVP) Reservation (Resv) messages.

28. The apparatus of claim 26 wherein the first resource reservation message and the second resource reservation message each include a reservation flag.

29. The apparatus of claim 28 wherein the reservation flag of the first resource reservation message is asserted, and the reservation flag of the second resource reservation message is deasserted.

30. The apparatus of claim 26 wherein the traffic scheduler is further configured to discard at least some network traffic associated with the traffic flow, while the one or more resources are allocated to, but not available to, the traffic flow.

31. The apparatus of claim 26 wherein the traffic flow is a Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) call.

32. The apparatus of claim 31 wherein the source entity is associated with a calling party of the VoIP call, and the destination entity is associated with a called party of the VoIP call.

33. The apparatus of claim 26 wherein the one or more resources comprise a priority queue.

34. The apparatus of claim 26 wherein the one or more resources comprise a filter setting.

35. The apparatus of claim 26 wherein the one or more resources comprise a traffic shaper.

36. The apparatus of claim 26 wherein the one or more resources comprise a network link.