Method and apparatus for sequencing polymers through tunneling conductance variation detection
First Claim
1. A method of sequencing molecules of a polymer, comprising the steps of:
- centering a fixed bias voltage across a pair of nano-electrodes separated by a channel therebetween, the bias voltage corresponding to an energy difference between any two internal energy levels of a molecule of interest;
modulating the bias voltage with a modulation waveform;
sequentially urging the molecules of a polymer comprised of linked molecules including at least one of the molecules of interest through the channel;
deriving an electrical signal indicative of the molecule of interest from tunneling current through the molecule of interest measured while the molecule of interest is between the nano-electrodes as the polymer passes through the channel; and
identifying the molecule of interest by comparing the derived electrical signal to known values of the signal for the molecule of interest.
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Abstract
Systems and methods of identifying molecules of polymers such as, for example, a nucleic acid, are described. The method involves centering a bias voltage across a pair of nanoelectrodes separated by a channel that corresponds to one of any of the energy differences between any two internal energy levels of a molecule of interest, and modulating the bias voltage with a modulation waveform while the molecule of interest is in the channel. An electrical signal characteristic of the molecule of interest is derived from the tunneling current between the nanoelectrodes, and the characteristic electrical signal is compared with known values of the signal for chemically-known molecules in order to identify the molecule of interest. Multiple pairs of nano-electrodes may be employed to identify more reliably a single molecule or multiple molecules.
148 Citations
31 Claims
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1. A method of sequencing molecules of a polymer, comprising the steps of:
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centering a fixed bias voltage across a pair of nano-electrodes separated by a channel therebetween, the bias voltage corresponding to an energy difference between any two internal energy levels of a molecule of interest; modulating the bias voltage with a modulation waveform; sequentially urging the molecules of a polymer comprised of linked molecules including at least one of the molecules of interest through the channel; deriving an electrical signal indicative of the molecule of interest from tunneling current through the molecule of interest measured while the molecule of interest is between the nano-electrodes as the polymer passes through the channel; and identifying the molecule of interest by comparing the derived electrical signal to known values of the signal for the molecule of interest. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18)
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19. A system for sequencing molecules of a polymer, comprising:
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a pair of nano-electrodes arranged to sequentially receive linked molecules of a polymer in solution in a channel formed therebetween; a signal generator electrically connected to the nano-electrodes an configured to center a fixed bias voltage across the nano-electrodes corresponding to the energy difference between any two internal energy levels of a molecule of interest and to modulate the bias voltage with a modulation waveform; means for urging the polymer through the channel; means for measuring tunneling current between the nano-electrodes while a molecule portion of the polymer passes through the channel; and signal processor for deriving an electrical signal indicative of the molecule of interest from the tunneling current and identifying the molecule of interest by comparing the derived electrical signal to known values of the electrical signal for the molecule of interest. - View Dependent Claims (20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31)
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Specification