Digital image watermarking apparatus and method

• US 7,280,669 B2
• Filed: 09/10/2001
• Issued: 10/09/2007
• Est. Priority Date: 09/09/2000
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: MarkAny, Inc.
• Original Assignee: MarkAny, Inc.
• Inventors: Lee, Jung-Su, Choi, Jong-Uk
• Primary Examiner(s): Johns, Andrew W.
• Assistant Examiner(s): MACKOWEY, ANTHONY M
• Application Number:
  US10/380,389
• Publication Number:
  US 20040091050A1
• Time in Patent Office: 2,220 Days
• Field of Search: 382/100, 382/166, 382/240, 382/250, 713/176, 380/44, 380/46
• US Class Current: 382/100
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 1/005 Robust watermarking, e.g. average attack or collusion attack resistant
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 2201/0052 Embedding of the watermark in the frequency domain
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 2201/0083 whereby only watermarked image required at decoder, e.g. source-based, blind, oblivious
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 1/32154 Transform domain methods H04N1/32309 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 1/3216 using Fourier transforms
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 1/32165 using cosine transforms
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 1/3217 using wavelet transforms
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 1/32309 in colour image data
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 19/467 characterised by the embedded information being invisible, e.g. watermarking
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 2201/3236 Details of authentication information generation
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 2201/327 which are undetectable to the naked eye, e.g. embedded codes

Abstract

The present invention relates to a digital image watermarking apparatus and method. Luminance component of a digital image are transformed into coefficients of a frequency domain, and watermark is generated by encrypting a user key and generating pseudo random number from encrypted user key. Then, a replacement coefficient generated from a coefficient of a first frequency area and the watermark is replaced with a coefficient of a second frequency area so that the watermark is embedded into the digital image. The embedded watermark is extracted at an authenticating apparatus and the digital image is authenticated by finding the correlation between the extracted watermark and watermark for authentication.

Claims

1. A method for embedding watermark into a digital image having a luminance component, comprising:

(a) transforming said luminance component into coefficients of a frequency domain having a first frequency area and a second frequency area;

(b) generating a replacement coefficient from a coefficient of said first frequency area and said watermark;

(c) replacing a coefficient of said second frequency area with said replacement coefficient, whereby said watermark is embedded into said digital image;

(d) transforming said digital image embedded with said watermark into an inverse frequency domain;

(e) transforming the luminance component of the digital image embedded with said watermark into the coefficients of the frequency domain;

(f) generating a watermark for authentication;

(g) extracting said watermark embedded in said digital image by using the coefficients of said first and second frequency domains; and

(h) authenticating said digital image by finding a correlation of said extracted watermark and said watermark for authentication, wherein (h) comprises;

(h1) finding the maximum peak value and the position of said maximum peak value from the correlation between said extracted watermark and said watermark for authentication;

(h2) finding the 4th moment from said correlation;

(h3) judging that said extracted watermark is same with said watermark for authentication in case where said 4th moment is over a predetermined critical value, the maximum peak value of said correlation is over a predetermined critical value, and the position of the maximum peak value of the extracted watermark and the watermark for authentication are the same.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein said digital image is a color image and said method further comprises:

before (a), (a′

) transforming said digital image into a color model including the luminance component and extracting the luminance component of said transformed color model; and

after (d), (d′

) performing a color model inverse transform of said digital image as transformed into said inverse frequency domain by using the luminance component for which said inverse frequency domain transform is performed, and the remaining components with the exception of said luminance component for which said frequency domain transform is not performed.

3. The method according to claim 2, wherein said color model including said luminance component is one of HSB mode, YIQ mode and YCbCr mode.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein said replacement coefficient is generated in such manner that said watermark is multiplied by the operation result obtained by applying a predetermined characteristic function to an absolute value of the coefficient of said first frequency area.

5. The method according to claim 4, wherein said first frequency area is a low frequency area and said second frequency area is between a middle frequency area and a high frequency area.

6. The method according to claim 4, wherein said characteristic function is the modulo operation result of parts of said frequency domain transform coefficients, or a function represents the statistical characteristic of said frequency domain transform coefficients.

7. The method according to claim 1, wherein (a) uses one of among FFT, DCT, and DWT.

8. The method according to claim 1, wherein said watermark is generated by encrypting a user key and generating pseudo random number from said encrypted user key.

9. The method according to claim 8, wherein said encryption is executed by PN-code method.

10. The method according to claim 1, wherein said watermark for authentication is generated by encrypting a user key and generating pseudo random number from said encrypted user key.

11. The method according to claim 1, wherein (h) comprises:

if a user key is encoded in PN-code method during the embedding process of said watermark, judging the consistency of said extracted watermark and said watermark for authentication when the correlation by said PN-code method is over the predetermined critical value.

12. An apparatus for embedding a watermark into a digital image having a luminance component, comprising:

a frequency domain transformer for transforming said luminance component into coefficients of a frequency domain having a first frequency area and a second frequency area;

a watermark generator for generating said watermark;

a replacement coefficient generator for generating a replacement coefficient from a coefficient of said first frequency area and said watermark;

a replacing device for replacing a coefficient of said second frequency area with said replacement coefficient, whereby said watermark is embedded into said digital image;

an inverse frequency domain transformer for transforming said digital image embedded with said watermark into an inverse frequency domain;

a frequency domain transformer for transforming the luminance component of the digital image embedded with said watermark into coefficients of the frequency domain;

a watermark generator for generating watermark for authentication;

a watermark extractor for extracting said watermark embedded into said digital image by using the coefficients of said first and second frequency domains; and

a correlation computation device for authenticating said digital image by finding a correlation between said extracted watermark and said watermark for authentication, wherein the correlation computation device finds the maximum peak value and the position of said maximum peak value from the correlation between said extracted watermark and said watermark for authentication, finds the 4th moment from said correlation, and judges that said extracted watermark is same with said watermark for authentication in case where said 4th moment is over a predetermined critical value, the maximum peak value of said correlation is over a predetermined critical value, and the position of the maximum peak value of the extracted watermark and the watermark for authentication are the same.

13. The apparatus according to claim 12, further comprising:

a color discriminator for discriminating whether said digital image is a grey image or a color image;

in case where said digital image is the color image, the apparatus further comprising;

a color model transformer for transforming said digital image to a color model including the luminance component and extracting the luminance component of said transformed color model to provide said frequency domain transform means; and

an inverse color model transformer for performing a color model inverse transform of said digital image transformed from said inverse frequency domain transform means, by using the luminance components for which said inverse frequency domain transform is performed, and the remaining components with the exception of said luminance components for which said frequency domain transform is not conformed.

14. The apparatus according to claim 12, wherein said watermark generator comprises:

an encrypting device for encrypting a user key; and

a pseudo random number generator for generating a pseudo random number from said encrypted user key.