Delivering and receiving multicast content across a unicast network

• US 7,281,058 B1
• Filed: 10/09/2002
• Issued: 10/09/2007
• Est. Priority Date: 10/09/2002
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Juniper Networks Incorporated
• Original Assignee: Juniper Networks Incorporated
• Inventors: Shepherd, Gregory J, Pusateri, Thomas J
• Primary Examiner(s): Vaughn; William
• Assistant Examiner(s): MANIWANG, JOSEPH R
• Application Number:
  US10/268,413
• Time in Patent Office: 1,826 Days
• Field of Search: 709/238, 709/249, 709/217, 709/227
• US Class Current: 709/238
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 12/1836 with heterogeneous network architecture
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 12/185 with management of multicast group membership
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 63/0272 Virtual private networks

Abstract

Techniques for delivering and receiving multicast content across a unicast network are described. A system that supports delivery and reception of multicast content across a unicast network includes a first device and a second device. The first device may be a destination device or a multicast-enabled router. The second device is multicast-enabled, and may be a multicast-enabled router. The first device determines whether a route between a destination device and a source of multicast packets is multicast-enabled, sends a unicast request message that includes as a destination address an address associated with the source and is marked for interception by a second device based on the determination, and receives the multicast packets as unicast packets from the second device. The second device intercepts the unicast request message and delivers the multicast packets to the requesting device as unicast packets in response to the unicast request message. The unicast request message indicates the address of the source and a group address, i.e., a source/group address pair, associated with the multicast packets that the first device wishes to receive.

Claims

1. A method comprising:

receiving a unicast request message sent from a requesting device to a source of multicast packets with a network device that is intermediate to the requesting device and the source of multicast packets, wherein the unicast request message includes as a destination address an address associated with the source of multicast packets;

determining whether a router alert bit of at least one packet of the unicast request message is set, wherein the router alert bit provides an indication that a device different from the source of the multicast packets is to intercept the unicast request message addressed to the source device;

intercepting and inspecting the unicast request message with an intermediate device when the router alert bit is set;

determining that the unicast request message includes an indication that indicates that the requesting device requests delivery of multicast packets as unicast packets; and

delivering, with the intermediate device, multicast packets received from the source of multicast packets to the requesting device as unicast packets based on the determination that the unicast request message includes the indication;

wherein the intermediate device is unknown to the requesting device at a time when the router alert bit is set.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the requesting device comprises one of a destination device and a multicast-enabled router.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein delivering the multicast packets comprises:

sending a multicast join message to the source in response to the unicast request message;

receiving the multicast packets in response to the multicast join message;

generating the unicast packets from the multicast packets; and

forwarding the unicast packets to the requesting device.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the unicast request message includes an indication of a delivery mode for delivery of the multicast packets as unicast packets, the delivery mode selected from the group consisting of readdressed delivery, encapsulated delivery, and label-switched delivery, and delivering the multicast packets to the requesting device as unicast packets comprises delivering the unicast packets according to the indicated delivery mode.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the multicast packets specify a multicast group address as a destination address, and delivering the multicast packets further comprises:

identifying an address of the requesting device within the unicast request message; and

readdressing the multicast packets to include the identified address as the destination address of the unicast packets.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein delivering the multicast packets further comprises:

identifying an address of the requesting device within the unicast request message; and

adding an encapsulation header that includes the identified address as a destination address to the multicast packets.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein delivering the multicast packets further comprises:

identifying an address of the requesting device within the unicast request message;

adding a label to the multicast packets based on the identified address; and

delivering the labeled packets on a label-switched path based on the identified address.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein delivering the multicast packets further comprises:

storing information from the unicast request message as multicast forwarding information; and

delivering the multicast packets based on the multicast forwarding information.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein the information includes a source address, a group address, an address of the requesting device, a delivery mode indication, and a time-out value.

10. The method of claim 1, wherein the indication that indicates that the requesting device requests delivery of multicast packets as unicast packets comprises a port indication within a packet of the unicast request message.

11. The method of claim 1, wherein intercepting a unicast request message comprises intercepting a unicast request message that is addressed to the source of multicast packets.

12. The method of claim 1, wherein intercepting a unicast request message comprises intercepting a unicast request message that is addressed to an anycast address.

13. The method of claim 1, further comprising establishing a first label-switched path for multicast traffic and a second label-switched path for unicast traffic.

14. A network device that is intermediate to a requesting device and a source of multicast packets, the network device comprising:

an interface to receive a unicast request message sent from the requesting device to the source of multicast packets, wherein the unicast request message includes as a destination address an address associated with the source of multicast packets; and

a control unit to determine whether a router alert bit of at least one packet of the unicast request message is set, wherein the router alert bit provides an indication that a device different from the source of the multicast packets is to intercept the unicast request message addressed to the source device, intercept and inspect the unicast request message when the router alert bit is set, determine whether the unicast request message includes an indication that indicates that the requesting device requests delivery of multicast packets as unicast packets, and deliver multicast packets received from the source of multicast packets to the requesting device as unicast packets when the unicast request message includes the indication;

wherein the network device is unknown to the requesting device when the router alert bit is set.

15. The network device of claim 14, wherein the requesting device comprises one of a destination device and a multicast-enabled router.

16. The network device of claim 14, wherein the control unit further sends a multicast join message to the source in response to the unicast request message to receive the multicast packets, generates the unicast packets from the multicast packets, and forwards the unicast packets to the requesting device.

17. The network device of claim 14,

wherein the unicast request message includes an indication of a delivery mode for delivery of the multicast packets as unicast packets, the delivery mode selected from the group consisting of readdressed delivery, encapsulated delivery, and label-switched delivery, and

wherein the control unit delivers the unicast packets according to the indicated delivery mode.

18. The network device of claim 14, wherein the multicast packets specify a multicast group address as a destination address, and the control unit identifies an address of the requesting device within the unicast request message and readdresses the multicast packets to include the identified address as the destination address of the packets.

19. The network device of claim 14, wherein the control unit delivers the multicast packets to the requesting device as unicast packets by identifying an address of the requesting device within the unicast request message, and adding an encapsulation header that includes the identified address as a destination address to the multicast packets.

20. The network device of claim 14, wherein the control unit delivers the multicast packets to the requesting device as unicast packets by identifying an address of the requesting device within the unicast request message, adding a label to the multicast packets based on the identified address, and delivering the labeled packets on a label-switched path based on the identified address.

21. The network device of claim 14, further comprising a memory,

wherein the unicast request message contains information,

wherein the control unit stores at least some of the information as multicast forwarding information, and

wherein the control unit delivers the multicast packets based on the multicast forwarding information.

22. The network device of claim 21, wherein the information includes a source address, a group address, an address of the requesting device, a delivery mode indication, and a time-out value.

23. The network device of claim 14, wherein the indication that indicates that the requesting device requests delivery of multicast packets as unicast packets comprises a port indication within the message.

24. The network device of claim 14, wherein the control unit intercepts a unicast request message by intercepting a unicast request message that is addressed to the source of multicast packets.

25. The network device of claim 14, wherein the control unit intercepts a unicast request message by intercepting a unicast request message that is addressed to an anycast address.

26. The network device of claim 14, wherein the control unit establishes a first label-switched path for multicast traffic and a second label-switched path for unicast traffic.

27. A computer-readable storage medium comprising instructions that cause a processor to:

intercept a unicast request message sent from a requesting device to a source of multicast packets at a network device that is intermediate to the requesting device and the source of multicast packets, wherein the unicast request message includes as a destination address an address associated with the source of multicast packets;

determine that a router alert bit of at least one packet of the unicast request message is set, wherein the router alert bit provides an indication that a device different from the source of the multicast packets is to intercept the unicast request message that is addressed to the source device;

intercept and inspect the unicast request message with an intermediate device based on the determination that the router alert bit is set;

determine at the intermediate device that the unicast request message includes an indication that the requesting device requests delivery of multicast packets as unicast packets; and

deliver multicast packets received at the intermediate device from the source of multicast packets to the requesting device as unicast packets from the intermediate device based on the determination that the unicast request message includes the indication.

28. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 27, wherein the instructions that cause the processor to delivery the multicast packets as unicast packets comprise instructions that cause the processor to:

send a multicast join message to the source in response to the unicast request message;

receive the multicast packets in response to the multicast join message;

generate the unicast packets from the multicast packets; and

forward the unicast packets to the requesting device.

29. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 27,

wherein the unicast request message includes an indication of a delivery mode for delivery of the multicast packets as unicast packets, the delivery mode selected from the group consisting of readdressed delivery, encapsulated delivery, and label-switched delivery, and

wherein the instructions that cause the processor to deliver the multicast packets to the requesting device as unicast packets comprise instructions that cause the processor to deliver the unicast packets according to the indicated delivery mode.

30. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 27, wherein the multicast packets specify a multicast group address as a destination address, and the instructions that cause the processor to deliver the multicast packets to the requesting device as unicast packets comprise instructions that cause the processor to identify an address of the requesting device within the unicast request message and readdress the multicast packets to include the identified address as the destination address of the unicast packets.

31. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 27, wherein the instructions that cause the processor to deliver the multicast packets to the requesting device as unicast packets comprise instructions that cause the processor to identify an address of the requesting device within the unicast message, and add an encapsulation header that includes the identified address as a destination address to the multicast packets.

32. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 27, wherein the instructions that cause the processor to deliver the multicast packets to the requesting device as unicast packets comprises instructions that cause the processor to identify an address of the requesting device within the unicast message, add a label to the multicast packets based on the identified address, and deliver the labeled packets on a label-switched path based on the identified address.

33. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 27, wherein the unicast request message contains information, and the instructions that cause the processor to deliver the multicast packets to the requesting device as unicast packets comprise instructions that cause the processor to store at least some of the information as multicast forwarding information and deliver the multicast packets based on the multicast forwarding information.

34. A method comprising:

determining whether a route from a requesting device to a source of multicast packets is multicast-enabled; and

sending a unicast request message from the requesting device to the source of multicast packets based on the determination, wherein the unicast request message includes as a destination address an address associated with the source, and further wherein sending the unicast request message comprises;

setting a router alert bit in at least one packet of the unicast request message to cause a network device that is intermediate to the requesting device and the source of multicast packets to intercept and inspect the unicast request message addressed to the source, and

including an indication within the unicast request message that indicates to the intermediate network device that the requesting device requests delivery of multicast packets as unicast packets, and

wherein the method further comprises, at the requesting device, receiving multicast packets from the source as unicast packets from the intermediate network device;

wherein the network device is unknown to the requesting device when the router alert bit is set.

35. The method of claim 34, wherein determining whether a route to a source of multicast packets is multicast-enabled further comprises:

sending a multicast join message from the requesting device requesting the multicast packets; and

determining that the multicast packets have not been received at the requesting device in response to the multicast join message before a time-out condition has been satisfied, and

wherein sending a unicast request message comprises sending the request message in response to the determination that the multicast packets have not been received before the time-out condition has been satisfied.

36. The method of claim 34, further comprising receiving a multicast join message that requests the multicast packets,

wherein determining whether a route to a source of the multicast packets is multicast-enabled comprises determining whether a next-hop network device on the route to the source is multicast-enabled.

37. The method of claim 36, wherein determining whether a next-hop device is multicast-enabled comprises determining whether the next-hop network device is a peer for a multicast protocol.

38. The method of claim 36, wherein receiving the multicast packets comprises receiving the multicast packets as encapsulated packets, the method further comprising:

identifying an interface by which the multicast join message was received;

removing the encapsulation to expose the multicast packets; and

forwarding the multicast packets on the identified interface.

39. The method of claim 36, wherein receiving the multicast packets comprises receiving labeled packets via a label switched path, the method further comprising:

identifying an interface by which the multicast join message was received;

removing the labels to expose multicast packets; and

forwarding the multicast packets on the identified interface.

40. The method of claim 36, wherein the unicast request message includes a source address, a group address, an address of a device that sends the message, a delivery type indication and a time-out value.

41. The method of claim 34, wherein the unicast request message is addressed to the source.

42. The method of claim 34, wherein the unicast request message is addressed to an anycast address.

43. The method of claim 34, further comprising establishing a first label-switched path for multicast traffic and a second label-switched path for unicast traffic.

44. A requesting device comprising a control unit to:

determine whether a route between the requesting device and a source of multicast packets is multicast-enabled,

send a unicast request message to the source of multicast packets based on the determination, wherein the unicast request message includes as a destination address an address associated with the source of multicast packets,

set a router alert bit in at least one packet of the unicast request message to cause a network device that is intermediate to the device and the source of multicast packets to intercept and inspect the unicast request message addressed to the source,

include an indication within the unicast request message that indicates to the intermediate network device that the requesting device requests delivery of multicast packets as unicast packets, and

receive multicast packets from the source as unicast packets from the intermediate network device;

wherein the intermediate network device is unknown to the control unit when the router alert bit is set.

45. The device of claim 44,

wherein the control unit determines that the route to the source of multicast packets is not multicast-enabled by sending a multicast join message requesting the multicast packets and determining that the multicast packets have not been received in response to the join message before a time-out condition has been satisfied, and

wherein the control unit sends the unicast request message in response to determining that the multicast packets have not been received before the time-out condition has been satisfied.

46. The device of claim 44, further comprising an interface to receive a multicast join message, wherein the control unit determines whether the route to the source of multicast packets is multicast-enabled by determining whether a next-hop network device on the route to the source is multicast-enabled.

47. The device of claim 44, wherein the control unit determines whether the next-hop network device is multicast-enabled by determining whether the next-hop network device is a peer for a multicast protocol.

48. The device of claim 44, wherein the control unit receives the multicast packets as unicast packets by receiving encapsulated packets, identifies the interface by which the multicast join message was received, removes the encapsulation to expose the multicast packets, and forwards the multicast packets via the identified interface.

49. The device of claim 44, wherein the control unit receives the multicast packets as unicast packets by receiving labeled packets via a label-switched path, identifies an interface by which the multicast join message was received, removes the labels to expose the multicast packets, and forwards the multicast packets via the identified interface.

50. A computer-readable storage medium comprising instructions that cause a processor to:

determine whether a route between a requesting device and a source of multicast packets is multicast-enabled;

send a unicast request message from the requesting device to the source of multicast packets based on the determination, wherein the unicast request message is addressed to the source;

set a router alert bit in at least one packet of the unicast request message to cause a network device that is intermediate to the requesting device and the source of multicast packets to intercept and inspect the unicast request message addressed to the source,

include an indication within the unicast request message that indicates to the intermediate network device that the requesting device requests delivery of multicast packets as unicast packets, and

at the requesting device, receive multicast packets from the source as unicast packets from the intermediate network device;

wherein the intermediate second device is unknown to the first device when the router alert bit is set.

51. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 50,

wherein the instructions that cause the processor to determine whether the route to the source of multicast packets is multicast-enabled comprise instructions that cause the processor to send a multicast join message requesting the multicast packets and determine that the multicast packets have not been received before a time-out condition has been satisfied, and

wherein the instructions that cause the processor to send a unicast request message comprise instructions that cause the process to send the unicast request message in response to determining that the multicast packets have not been received before the time-out condition has been satisfied.

52. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 50, wherein the instructions that cause the processor to determine whether the route to the source of multicast packets is multicast-enabled comprise instructions that cause the processor to determine whether a next-hop device on the route to the source is multicast-enabled.

53. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 50, wherein the instructions that cause the processor to receive the multi cast packets comprise instructions that cause the processor to receive encapsulated packets, the medium further comprising instructions that cause the processor to:

receive a multicast join message;

identify an interface by which the multicast join message was received;

remove the encapsulation to expose multicast packets; and

forward the multicast packets on the identified interface.

54. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 50, wherein the instructions that cause the processor to receive the multicast packets comprise instructions that cause the processor to receive labeled packets via a label-switched path, the medium further comprising instructions that cause the processor to:

receive a multicast join message;

identify an interface by which the multicast join message was received;

remove the labels to expose multicast packets; and

forward the multicast packets on the identified interface.

55. A system comprising:

a first device to determine whether a route between the first device and a source of multicast packets is multicast-enabled, send a unicast request message that includes as a destination address an address associated with the source based on the determination, set a router alert bit in at least one packet of the unicast request message to cause a second device that is intermediate to the requesting device and the source of multicast packets to intercept and inspect the unicast request message, include an indication within the unicast request message that indicates to the intermediate second device that the first device requests delivery of multicast packets as unicast packets, and receive multicast packets from the source as unicast packets from the second device; and

the intermediate second device, wherein the second device intercepts the unicast request message and delivers the multicast packets from the source to the first device as unicast packets in response to the unicast request message.

56. The system of claim 55,

wherein the first device determines that the route to the source of multicast packets is not multicast-enabled by sending a multicast join message requesting the multicast packets and determining that the multicast packets have not been received before a time-out condition has been satisfied, and

wherein the first device sends the unicast request message in response to determining that the multicast packets have not been received before the time-out condition has been satisfied.

57. The system of claim 55, wherein the first device determines whether the route to the source of multicast packets is multicast-enabled by determining whether a next-hop network device on the route to the source is multicast-enabled.

58. The system of claim 55, wherein the unicast request message indicates a delivery mode, and

wherein the second device delivers the multicast packets to the first device as unicast packets according to the indicated delivery mode.

59. The system of claim 55, wherein the multicast packets specify a multicast group address as a destination address, and the second device delivers the multicast packets to the first device as unicast packets by identifying an address of the first device within the unicast request message and readdressing the multicast packets to include the identified address as the destination address of the packets.

60. The system of claim 55, wherein the second device delivers the multicast packets to the first device as unicast packets by identifying an address of the first device within the unicast request message and adding an encapsulation header that includes the identified address as a destination address to the multicast packets.

61. The system of claim 55, the second device delivers the multicast packets to the first device as unicast packets by identifying an address of the first device within the unicast request message, adding a label to the multicast packets based on the identified address, and delivering the labeled packets on a label-switched path based on the identified address.