Multi-radio unification protocol

• US 7,283,834 B2
• Filed: 02/24/2006
• Issued: 10/16/2007
• Est. Priority Date: 03/20/2003
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Microsoft Technology Licensing LLC (Microsoft Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Microsoft Corporation
• Inventors: Bahl, Paramvir, Adya, Atul, Padhye, Jitendra D., Wolman, Alastair, Zhou, Lidong
• Primary Examiner(s): Pérez-Gutirrez; Rafael
• Assistant Examiner(s): NGUYEN, KHAI MINH
• Application Number:
  US11/361,126
• Publication Number:
  US 20060142033A1
• Time in Patent Office: 599 Days
• Field of Search: 455/517, 455/516, 455/513, 455/514, 455/515, 370/320, 370/334, 370/332, 370/310, 370/345
• US Class Current: 455/517
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 69/14 Multichannel or multilink protocols
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 9/40 Network security protocols
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 72/54 based on quality criteria
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 74/02 Hybrid access
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 80/04 Network layer protocols, e.g. mobile IP [Internet Protocol]
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 84/12 WLAN [Wireless Local Area Networks]
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 84/18 Self-organising networks, e.g. ad-hoc networks or sensor networks
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 88/04 adapted for relaying to or from another terminal or user
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 88/06 adapted for operation in multiple networks or having at least two operational modes, e.g. multi-mode terminals
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 92/18 between terminal devices

Abstract

An invention is disclosed whereby a wireless network node, equipped with two or more radio transceivers statically tuned to non-interfering frequency channels, can make decisions regarding which channel to use when communicating with a neighboring wireless node. A multi-radio unification protocol implemented in a wireless node coordinates the use of multiple wireless network interface cards and provides a virtual layer that hides the multiple physical network interfaces from higher layers of a node'"'"'s network protocol stack. The invention is applicable to wireless networks generally, including those in which some nodes do not have multiple radios or do not recognize the multi-radio unification protocol. The invention makes possible simultaneous transmissions using available channels, thereby reducing interference and delay while increasing the overall capacity of the network.

Claims

1. In a wireless network comprising a plurality of nodes, a method for selecting, by a first node, a channel for communicating with a second node, the first node having at least two network interfaces with radios tuned to orthogonal channels, the method comprising:

the first node discovering network interfaces of the second node available for communicating with the first node, wherein the first and second nodes are neighbor nodes in a multi-hop ad hoc wireless network and communicate directly without communicating through an access point;

with respect to each available network interface of the second node, the first node periodically making a channel quality estimate; and

the first node making a channel selection based on the channel quality estimates, wherein making a channel selection comprises;

if a first network interface of the second node has a channel quality estimate that is preferable to channel quality estimates of other network interfaces of the second node, and if the channel quality estimate of the first network interface provides an improvement, above a threshold, over the channel quality estimate of a currently-selected network interface of the second node, selecting the first network interface; and

otherwise retaining the currently-selected network interface.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein discovering available network interfaces is in accordance with a protocol, and wherein discovering available network interfaces further comprises discovering whether the second node is capable of operating in accordance with the protocol.

3. The method of claim 1 wherein making a channel quality estimate comprises:

sending a probe message along the network interface;

receiving a response to the probe message from the second node; and

calculating a round-trip latency time associated with sending the probe message and receiving the response.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein the probe message is assigned a highest scheduling priority level so that the probe message may be transmitted ahead of other packets.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein the network interface is conformant to IEEE standard 802.11e.

6. The method of claim 1 wherein making a channel selection is performed at a time determined by a randomized interval.

7. The method of claim 1 wherein making a channel selection comprises

selecting a channel associated with a network interface of the second node having a best channel quality estimate.

8. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

making at least one additional channel selection, wherein communicating with the second node comprises striping data among selected channels.

9. The method of claim 1 wherein communicating with the second node comprises forwarding a packet received from a third node.

10. The method of claim 1 wherein the wireless network is a multi-hop network, an ad hoc network, an infrastructure network or a wireless community network.

11. The method of claim 1 wherein the wireless network is linked to a second network.

12. The method of claim 11 wherein the second network is a wired network.

13. The method of claim 11 wherein the second network is a wide-area network.

14. The method of claim 1 wherein one or more network interfaces in the wireless network conform to IEEE standard 802.11, IEEE standard 802.11a, IEEE standard 802.11b, or IEEE standard 802.11g.

15. Computer-readable media storing one or more modules comprising a driver that implements a method for selecting a channel for wireless communication from a first device to a second device, the first device having at least two network interfaces comprising radios tuned to orthogonal channels, the method comprising:

the first device discovering available network interfaces of the second device, wherein the first and second devices are neighbor devices in a multi-hop ad hoc wireless network and communicate directly without communicating through an access point;

with respect to each available network interface of the second device, the first device periodically making a channel quality estimate; and

the first device making a channel selection based on the channel quality estimates, wherein making a channel selection comprises;

if a first network interface of the second device has a channel quality estimate that is preferable to channel quality estimates of other network interfaces of the second device, and if the channel quality estimate of the first network interface provides an improvement, above a threshold, over the channel quality estimate of a currently-selected network interface of the second device, selecting the first network interface; and

otherwise retaining the currently-selected network interface.

16. The computer-readable media of claim 15, wherein the driver is an operating system kernel-mode driver.