Architecture for power modules such as power inverters

• US 7,289,343 B2
• Filed: 12/13/2004
• Issued: 10/30/2007
• Est. Priority Date: 12/17/2003
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Siemens VDO Automotive Corporation (Siemens AG)
• Original Assignee: Siemens VDO Automotive Corporation (Siemens AG)
• Inventors: Rodriguez, Pablo, Flett, Fred, Ahmed, Sayeed, Patwardhan, Ajay V., Maly, Douglas K., Chen, Kanghua, Jimenez, Gerardo
• Primary Examiner(s): Vu; Bao Q.
• Application Number:
  US11/010,560
• Publication Number:
  US 20050152101A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,051 Days
• Field of Search: 363/146, 363/144, 307/147, 307/149, 307/112
• US Class Current: 363/146
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 1/327 against abnormal temperatures
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 7/003 Constructional details, e.g. physical layout, assembly, wiring or busbar connections
• CPC Class Codes: H05K 7/20272 Accessories for moving fluid, for expanding fluid, for connecting fluid conduits, for distributing fluid, for removing gas or for preventing leakage, e.g. pumps, tanks or manifolds

Abstract

Power converters such as power modules configured as inverters employ modularized approaches. In some aspects, semiconductor devices are thermally coupled directly to thermally conductive substrates without intervening dielectric or insulative structures. Additionally, or alternatively, semiconductor devices are thermally coupled to thermally conductive substrates with relatively large surface areas before heat transferred from the semiconductor devices encounters a dielectric or electrically insulating structure with correspondingly high thermal impedance.

Claims

1. A power converter, comprising:

at least two switch modules, each of the switch modules comprising;

a housing of an electrically insulative side wall forming an interior and an exterior, the interior of the housing open to the exterior at a first end and at a second end;

a conductive member partially received by the side wall of the housing, the conductive member comprising an exterior portion extending into the exterior from the housing and a perimeter portion forming a shelf extending into the interior of the housing;

a conductive base plate comprising a first surface and a second surface opposed to the first surface;

at least one power terminal electrically coupled to the conductive base plate to conduct electrical current therebetween;

and a number of semiconductor switches each comprising a first active terminal, a second active terminal and a control terminal, the first one of the active terminals of each of the semiconductor switches surface mounted to the first surface of the conductive base plate, wherein the conductive base plate is coupled to the housing such that the first surface of the conductive base plate closes the opening at the second end of the housing and the semiconductor switches are disposed in the interior of the housing and the second surface of the conductive base plate is exposed to the exterior of the housing to transfer heat from the housing, wherein the at least one power terminal of a first one of the switch modules is electrically coupled to the conductive member of a second one of the switch modules.

2. The power converter of claim 1, further comprising:

a circuit board overlying the openings at the first ends of the interiors of the housings of the first and the second switch modules to isolate the interiors of the housings from the exteriors of the housings, the circuit board coupled to provide control signals to the control terminals of the switches.

3. The power converter of claim 1 wherein the exterior portion of the conductive member of the first one of the switch modules is electrically coupled to one pole of a DC power source and the power terminal of the second one of the switch modules is electrically coupled to another pole of the DC power source, the first and the second ones of the switch module comprising a high side switching circuit and a low side switching circuit, respectively, of a bridge circuit.

4. The power converter of claim 1 wherein the power converter includes six switch modules, the at least one power terminal of a third one of the switch modules is electrically coupled to the conductive member of a fourth one of the switch modules and the at least one power terminal of a fifth one of the switch modules is electrically coupled to the conductive member of a sixth one of the switch modules.

5. A switch module, comprising:

a housing comprising an electrically insulative side wall forming an interior of the housing separated from an exterior of the housing, the interior of the housing open to the exterior at a first end and at a second end of the interior;

a conductive member partially received by the side wall of the housing, the conductive member comprising a first portion extending into the exterior from the housing and a perimeter portion forming a shelf extending into the interior of the housing;

a conductive base plate comprising a first surface and a second surface opposed to the first surface;

at least one power terminal electrically coupled to the conductive base plate to conduct electrical current therebetween; and

at least a first number of semiconductor switches, each of the switches comprising a first active terminal, a second active terminal and a control terminal, the first one of the active terminals of each of the first number of switches surface mounted to the first surface of the conductive base plate, wherein the conductive base plate is coupled to the housing such that the first surface of the conductive base plate closes the opening at the second end of the housing and the first number of semiconductor switches mounted to the first surface of the conductive base plate are disposed in the interior of the housing and the second surface of the conductive base plate is exposed to the exterior of the housing to transfer heat thereto.

6. The switch module of claim 5, further comprising:

a first number of wire bonds electrically coupling the perimeter portion of the conductive member with the second one of the active terminals of the first number of switches.

7. The switch module of claim 5 wherein the first surface of the conductive base plate is thermally coupled to the second surface of the conductive base plate without an intervening thermally resistive material.

8. The switch module of claim 7 wherein the conductive base plate consists of a plate of a metal.

9. The switch module of claim 5, further comprising:

a first insulating substrate carried by the first surface of the conductive base plate; and

a first conductive pattern carried by the first insulating substrate, the first insulating substrate electrically insulating the first conductive pattern from the conductive base plate.

10. The switch module of claim 9, further comprising:

a set of signal terminals partially received by the housing, a portion of each of the signal terminals extending into the exterior from the housing and a portion of each of the signal terminals extending into the interior of the housing;

a first set of wire bonds electrically coupling the portion of the signal terminals extending into the interior of the housing with the first conductive pattern; and

a set of wire bonds electrically coupling the first conductive pattern to the control terminals of the first number of switches.

11. The switch module of claim 9 wherein the first insulating substrate and the first conductive pattern comprise two layers of either a direct bond copper substrate or a direct bond aluminum substrate.

12. The switch module of claim 5 wherein the first number of switches comprises unpackaged bare silicon die transistors.

13. The switch module of claim 5, further comprising:

a circuit board overlying the opening at the first end of the interior of the housing to isolate the interior of the housing from the exterior of the housing.

14. The switch module of claim 5, further comprising:

a cooling header thermally coupled to the conductive base plate.

15. A switch module, comprising:

a housing comprising an electrically insulative side wall separating an interior of the housing from an exterior of the housing, the interior of the housing open to the exterior at a first end and at a second end;

a conductive member supported by the housing, the conductive member comprising an exterior portion extending from the housing into the exterior and an interior portion comprising a pair of shelves extending from the housing into the interior from a pair of opposing sides of the interior of the housing;

a conductive base plate comprising a first surface and a second surface opposed to the first surface; and

a number of semiconductor switches carried by the first surface of the conductive base plate and electrically coupled between the conductive base plate and at least one of the pair of shelves of the conductive member, wherein the conductive base plate is coupled to the housing such that the first surface of the conductive base plate closes the opening at the second end of the housing with the semiconductor switches disposed in the interior of the housing between the pair of shelves of the conductive member, and the second surface of the conductive base plate is exposed to the exterior of the housing to transfer heat thereto.

16. The switch module of claim 15, further comprising:

at least a first power terminal electrically coupled to the conductive base plate to conduct electrical current therebetween.

17. The switch module of claim 15 wherein each of the number of semiconductor switches is a bare unpackaged die comprising a first active terminal, a second active terminal and a control terminal, and the first one of the active terminals of each of the number of semiconductor switches is surface mounted to the first surface of the conductive base plate.

18. The switch module of claim 17, further comprising:

a number of wire bonds electrically coupling the second one of the active terminals of each of the number of semiconductor switches to at least one of the shelves of the conductive member.

19. The switch module of claim 17 wherein the semiconductor switches are arranged in at least two rows on the first surface of the conductive base plate, each of the rows being at least approximately parallel with the pair of opposing sides of the interior of the housing and with the pair of shelves of the conductive member.

20. The switch module of claim 19, further comprising:

a first insulating substrate carried by the first surface of the conductive base plate positioned between a first and a second one of the at least two rows of semiconductor switches;

a first conductive pattern carried by the first insulating substrate, the first insulating substrate electrically insulating the first conductive pattern from the conductive base plate;

a set of signal terminals supported by the housing, a portion of each of the signal terminals extending from the housing into the exterior and a portion of each of the signal terminals extending from the housing into the interior of the housing;

a set of wire bonds of approximately equal length electrically coupling the portion of the signal terminals extending into the interior of the housing with the first conductive pattern; and

a set of wire bonds of approximately equal length electrically coupling the first conductive pattern to the control terminals of the first number of switches.