Frame-based audio transmission/storage with overlap to facilitate smooth crossfading
First Claim
1. A method for processing one or more ordered sequences of PCM audio frames, comprising appending to the beginning of frames, a segment of PCM audio that is substantially a replica of PCM audio in the end of the preceding frame in an ordered sequence, or, to the end of frames, a segment of PCM audio that is substantially a replica of PCM audio in the beginning of the following frame in an ordered sequence, whereby modified frames are produced, maintaining for the modified frames a sequential order that is the same as the order of one of said one or more ordered sequences of the PCM audio frames or assigning a further sequential order to the modified frames, which sequential order is different from the order of one of said one or more ordered sequences of PCM audio frames, whereby the further sequential order has at least one discontinuity in its order with respect to the order of one of said one or more ordered sequences of PCM audio frames, fading up the PCM audio appended to the beginning of the modified frame following a discontinuity and fading down the PCM audio in the end of the modified frame preceding a discontinuity when segments are appended to the beginning of frames or fading down the PCM audio appended to the end of the modified frame preceding a discontinuity and fading up the PCM audio in the beginning of the modified frame following a discontinuity when segments are appended to the end of frames, overlapping and additively combining the faded-up and faded-down PCM audio preceding and following a discontinuity in the sequence of faded-up and faded-down modified frames, and removing the segment of PCM audio appended to a modified frame in sequential pairs of modified frames and joining the resulting PCM audio frames when the sequential pair of modified frames does not contain a discontinuity following or preceding the appendage, whereby a further ordered sequence of PCM audio frames is provided having the same order as one of said one or more ordered sequences of PCM audio frames or having one or more discontinuities between sequences of PCM audio frames, each of said sequences having the same order as one of said one or more ordered sequences of PCM audio frames or a portion thereof, discontinuities having an associated PCM audio crossfaded portion where said faded-up and faded-down PCM audio is overlapped and combined.
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Accused Products
Abstract
Methods for splicing PCM audio frames form modified frames by appending to each frame either a portion of the next preceding frame or the next following frame. According to a first approach, splices are obtained by fading up and fading down a frame end and a frame appendage only at a splice point, and overlapping and combining to provide a crossfade at the splice. Alternatively, every frame end and frame appendage is faded up and faded down, overlapped and combined. A subtractive method of providing complementary fade-up and fade-down reduces rounding errors.
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Citations
36 Claims
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1. A method for processing one or more ordered sequences of PCM audio frames, comprising appending to the beginning of frames, a segment of PCM audio that is substantially a replica of PCM audio in the end of the preceding frame in an ordered sequence, or, to the end of frames, a segment of PCM audio that is substantially a replica of PCM audio in the beginning of the following frame in an ordered sequence, whereby modified frames are produced, maintaining for the modified frames a sequential order that is the same as the order of one of said one or more ordered sequences of the PCM audio frames or assigning a further sequential order to the modified frames, which sequential order is different from the order of one of said one or more ordered sequences of PCM audio frames, whereby the further sequential order has at least one discontinuity in its order with respect to the order of one of said one or more ordered sequences of PCM audio frames, fading up the PCM audio appended to the beginning of the modified frame following a discontinuity and fading down the PCM audio in the end of the modified frame preceding a discontinuity when segments are appended to the beginning of frames or fading down the PCM audio appended to the end of the modified frame preceding a discontinuity and fading up the PCM audio in the beginning of the modified frame following a discontinuity when segments are appended to the end of frames, overlapping and additively combining the faded-up and faded-down PCM audio preceding and following a discontinuity in the sequence of faded-up and faded-down modified frames, and removing the segment of PCM audio appended to a modified frame in sequential pairs of modified frames and joining the resulting PCM audio frames when the sequential pair of modified frames does not contain a discontinuity following or preceding the appendage, whereby a further ordered sequence of PCM audio frames is provided having the same order as one of said one or more ordered sequences of PCM audio frames or having one or more discontinuities between sequences of PCM audio frames, each of said sequences having the same order as one of said one or more ordered sequences of PCM audio frames or a portion thereof, discontinuities having an associated PCM audio crossfaded portion where said faded-up and faded-down PCM audio is overlapped and combined.
- 2. A method for processing one or more ordered sequences of PCM audio frames, comprising appending only to the beginning of frames, a segment of PCM audio that is substantially a replica of PCM audio in the end of the preceding frame in an ordered sequence, or, to the end of frames, a segment of PCM audio that is substantially a replica of PCM audio in the beginning of the following frame in an ordered sequence, whereby modified frames are produced, and transmitting, storing, or transmitting and storing the modified frames for subsequent processing in which the sequential order of the modified frames is maintained or modified, audio segments preceding a discontinuity are faded down and audio segments following a discontinuity are faded up, then the audio segments are additively combined.
- 5. A method for processing PCM audio data, comprising receiving modified PCM audio frames, wherein the modified frames were produced by processing one or more ordered sequences of PCM audio frames by appending to the beginning of frames, a segment of PCM audio that is substantially a replica of PCM audio in the end of the preceding frame in an ordered sequence, or, to the end of frames, a segment of PCM audio that is substantially a replica of PCM audio in the beginning of the following frame in an ordered sequence, maintaining for the modified frames a sequential order that is the same as the order of one of said one or more ordered sequences of the PCM audio frames or assigning a further sequential order to the modified frames, which sequential order is different from the order of one of said one or more ordered sequences of PCM audio frames, whereby the further sequential order has at least one discontinuity in its order with respect to the order of one of said one or more ordered sequences of PCM audio frames, fading up the PCM audio appended to the beginning of the modified frame following a discontinuity and fading down the PCM audio in the end of the modified frame preceding a discontinuity when segments are appended to the beginning of frames or fading down the PCM audio appended to the end of the modified frame preceding a discontinuity and fading up the PCM audio in the beginning of the modified frame following a discontinuity when segments are appended to the end of frames, overlapping and additively combining the faded-up and faded-down PCM audio preceding and following a discontinuity in the sequence of faded-up and faded-down modified frames, and removing the segment of PCM audio appended to a modified frame in sequential pairs of modified frames and joining the resulting PCM audio frames when the sequential pair of modified frames does not contain a discontinuity following or preceding the appendage, whereby a further ordered sequence of PCM audio frames is provided having the same order as one of said one or more ordered sequences of PCM audio frames or having one or more discontinuities between sequences of PCM audio frames, each of said sequences having the same order as one of said one or more ordered sequences of PCM audio frames or a portion thereof, discontinuities having an associated PCM audio crossfaded portion where said faded-up and faded-down PCM audio is overlapped and combined.
- 8. A method for processing PCM audio data, comprising receiving modified PCM audio frames, wherein the modified frames were produced by processing one or more ordered sequences of PCM audio frames by appending to the beginning of frames, a segment of PCM audio that is substantially a replica of PCM audio in the end of the preceding frame in an ordered sequence, or, to the end of frames, a segment of PCM audio that is substantially a replica of PCM audio in the beginning of the following frame in an ordered sequence, and have a sequential order that is the same as the order of one of said one or more ordered sequences of the PCM audio frames or have a further sequential order, which sequential order is different from the order of one of said one or more ordered sequences of PCM audio frames, whereby the further sequential order has at least one discontinuity in its order with respect to the order of one of said one or more ordered sequences of PCM audio frames, fading up the PCM audio appended to the beginning of the modified frame following a discontinuity and fading down the PCM audio in the end of the modified frame preceding a discontinuity when segments are appended to the beginning of frames or fading down the PCM audio appended to the end of the modified frame preceding a discontinuity and fading up the PCM audio in the beginning of the modified frame following a discontinuity when segments are appended to the end of frames, overlapping and additively combining the faded-up and faded-down PCM audio preceding and following a discontinuity in the sequence of faded-up and faded-down modified frames, and removing the segment of PCM audio appended to a modified frame in sequential pairs of modified frames and joining the resulting PCM audio frames when the sequential pair of modified frames does not contain a discontinuity following or preceding the appendage, whereby a further ordered sequence of PCM audio frames is provided having the same order as one of said one or more ordered sequences of PCM audio frames or having one or more discontinuities between sequences of PCM audio frames, each of said sequences having the same order as one of said one or more ordered sequences of PCM audio frames or a portion thereof, discontinuities having an associated PCM audio crossfaded portion where said faded-up and faded-down PCM audio is overlapped and combined.
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12. A method for processing one or more ordered sequences of PCM audio frames, comprising appending to the beginning of frames, a segment of PCM audio that is substantially a replica of PCM audio in the end of the preceding frame in an ordered sequence, or, to the end of frames, a segment of PCM audio that is substantially a replica of PCM audio in the beginning of the following frame in an ordered sequence, whereby modified frames are produced, fading up the PCM audio appended to the beginning of modified frames and fading down the PCM audio in the end of modified frames when segments are appended to the beginning of frames or fading down the PCM audio appended to the end of modified frames and fading up the PCM audio in the beginning of modified frames when segments are appended to the end of frames, maintaining for the modified frames or for the faded-up and faded-down modified frames a sequential order that is the same as the order of one of said one or more ordered sequences of the PCM audio frames or assigning a further sequential order to the modified frames or to the faded-up and faded-down modified frames, which sequence is different from the order of one of said one or more ordered sequences of PCM audio frames, whereby the further sequential order has at least one discontinuity in its order with respect to the order of one of said one or more ordered sequences of PCM audio frames, and overlapping and additively combining sequential pairs of faded-up and faded-down PCM audio in the sequence of faded-up and faded-down modified frames having a sequential order that is the same as the order of one of said one or more ordered sequences of the PCM audio frames or having said further sequential order, whereby a further ordered sequence of PCM audio frames is provided having the same order as one of said one or more ordered sequences of PCM audio frames or having one or more discontinuities between sequences of PCM audio frames, each of said sequences having the same order as one of said one or more ordered sequences of PCM audio frames or a portion thereof, consecutive pairs in the further order of PCM audio frames having an associated PCM audio crossfaded portion where said faded-up and faded-down PCM audio is overlapped and combined.
- 13. A method for processing one or more ordered sequences of PCM audio frames, comprising appending only to the beginning of frames, a segment of PCM audio that is substantially a replica of PCM audio in the end of the preceding frame in an ordered sequence, or, to the end of frames, a segment of PCM audio that is substantially a replica of PCM audio in the beginning of the following frame in an ordered sequence, whereby modified frames are produced, fading up the PCM audio appended to the beginning of modified frames and fading down the PCM audio in the end of modified frames when segments are appended to the beginning of frames or fading down the PCM audio appended to the end of modified frames and fading up the PCM audio in the beginning of modified frames when segments are appended to the end of frames, and transmitting, storing, or transmitting and storing the faded-up and faded-down modified frames.
- 17. A method for processing PCM audio, comprising receiving faded-up and faded-down modified PCM audio frames, wherein the faded-up and faded-down modified frames were produced by processing one or more ordered sequences of PCM audio frames by appending to the beginning of frames, a segment of PCM audio that is substantially a replica of PCM audio in the end of the preceding frame in an ordered sequence, or, to the end of frames, a segment of PCM audio that is substantially a replica of PCM audio in the beginning of the following frame in an ordered sequence, and fading up the PCM audio appended to the beginning of modified frames and fading down the PCM audio in the end of modified frames when segments are appended to the beginning of frames or fading down the PCM audio appended to the end of modified frames and fading up the PCM audio in the beginning of modified frames when segments are appended to the end of frames, maintaining for the faded-up and faded-down modified frames a sequential order that is the same as the order of one of said one or more ordered sequences of the PCM audio frames or assigning a further sequential order to the faded-up and faded-down modified frames, which sequence is different from the order of one of said one or more ordered sequences of PCM audio frames, whereby the further sequential order has at least one discontinuity in its order with respect to the order of one of said one or more ordered sequences of PCM audio frames, and overlapping and additively combining sequential pairs of faded-up and faded-down PCM audio in the sequence of faded-up and faded-down modified frames, whereby a further ordered sequence of PCM audio frames is provided in which consecutive pairs of PCM audio frames have a PCM audio crossfaded portion where said faded-up and faded-down PCM audio is overlapped and combined.
- 22. A method for processing PCM audio, comprising receiving faded-up and faded-down modified PCM audio frames, wherein the faded-up and faded-down modified frames were produced by processing one or more ordered sequences of PCM audio frames by appending to the beginning of frames, a segment of PCM audio that is substantially a replica of PCM audio in the end of the preceding frame in an ordered sequence, or, to the end of frames, a segment of PCM audio that is substantially a replica of PCM audio in the beginning of the following frame in an ordered sequence, and fading up the PCM audio appended to the beginning of modified frames and fading down the PCM audio in the end of modified frames when segments are appended to the beginning of frames or fading down the PCM audio appended to the end of modified frames and fading up the PCM audio in the beginning of modified frames when segments are appended to the end of frames, wherein the faded-up and faded-down modified PCM audio frames have a sequential order that is the same as the order of one of said one or more ordered sequences of the PCM audio frames or have a further sequential order, which sequential order is different from the order of one of said one or more ordered sequences of PCM audio frames, whereby the further sequential order has at least one discontinuity in its order with respect to the order of one of said one or more ordered sequences of PCM audio frames, and overlapping and additively combining sequential pairs of faded-up and faded-down PCM audio in the sequence of faded-up and faded-down modified frames, whereby a further ordered sequence of PCM audio frames is provided in which consecutive pairs of PCM audio frames have a PCM audio crossfaded portion where said faded-up and faded-down PCM audio is overlapped and combined.
- 28. A method for processing PCM audio, comprising receiving modified PCM audio frames, wherein the modified frames were produced by processing one or more ordered sequences of PCM audio frames by appending to the beginning of frames, a segment of PCM audio that is substantially a replica of PCM audio in the end of the preceding frame in an ordered sequence, or, to the end of frames, a segment of PCM audio that is substantially a replica of PCM audio in the beginning of the following frame in an ordered sequence, fading up the PCM audio appended to the beginning of modified frames and fading down the PCM audio in the end of modified frames when segments are appended to the beginning of frames or fading down the PCM audio appended to the end of modified frames and fading up the PCM audio in the beginning of modified frames when segments are appended to the end of frames, maintaining for the modified frames or for the faded-up and faded-down modified frames a sequential order that is the same as the order of one of said one or more ordered sequences of the PCM audio frames or assigning a further sequential order to the modified frames or to the faded-up and faded-down modified frames, which sequence is different from the order of one of said one or more ordered sequences of PCM audio frames, whereby the further sequential order has at least one discontinuity in its order with respect to the order of one of said one or more ordered sequences of PCM audio frames, and overlapping and additively combining sequential pairs of faded-up and faded-down PCM audio in the sequence of faded-up and faded-down modified frames, having a sequential order that is the same as the order of one of said one or more ordered sequences of the PCM audio frames or having said further sequential order, whereby a further ordered sequence of PCM audio frames is provided in which consecutive pairs of PCM audio frames have a PCM audio crossfaded portion where said faded-up and faded-down PCM audio is overlapped and combined.
- 33. A method for processing PCM audio, comprising receiving modified PCM audio frames, wherein the modified frames were produced by processing one or more ordered sequences of PCM audio frames by appending to the beginning of frames, a segment of PCM audio that is substantially a replica of PCM audio in the end of the preceding frame in an ordered sequence, or, to the end of frames, a segment of PCM audio that is substantially a replica of PCM audio in the beginning of the following frame in an ordered sequence, and have a sequential order that is the same as the order of one of said one or more ordered sequences of the PCM audio frames or have a further sequential order, which sequential order is different from the order of one of said one or more ordered sequences of PCM audio frames, whereby the further sequential order has at least one discontinuity in its order with respect to the order of one of said one or more ordered sequences of PCM audio frames, fading up the PCM audio appended to the beginning of modified frames and fading down the PCM audio in the end of modified frames when segments are appended to the beginning of frames or fading down the PCM audio appended to the end of modified frames and fading up the PCM audio in the beginning of modified frames when segments are appended to the end of frames, and overlapping and additively combining sequential pairs of faded-up and faded-down PCM audio in the sequence of faded-up and faded-down modified frames, whereby a further ordered sequence of PCM audio frames is provided in which consecutive pairs of PCM audio frames have a PCM audio crossfaded portion where said faded-up and faded-down PCM audio is overlapped and combined.
Specification