Systems and methods for geographic positioning using radio spectrum signatures

• US 7,298,328 B2
• Filed: 12/13/2004
• Issued: 11/20/2007
• Est. Priority Date: 12/13/2004
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Dan Nephin, Glenn Hauck, Jackson Wang
• Original Assignee: Dan Nephin, Glenn Hauck, Jackson Wang
• Inventors: Wang, Jackson, Nephin, Dan, Hauck, Glenn
• Primary Examiner(s): Issing; Gregory C
• Application Number:
  US11/011,222
• Publication Number:
  US 20060125692A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,072 Days
• Field of Search: 342/386, 342/451
• US Class Current: 342/451
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 5/0252 Radio frequency fingerprinting

Abstract

Methods, radios, components thereof, and other devices for localizing a geographic position of a radio receiver are provided. A current radio signature is obtained. The current radio signature comprises a plurality of measured signal qualities that collectively represent a frequency spectrum. Each measured signal quality in the plurality of measured signal qualities corresponds to a portion of the frequency spectrum. The current radio signature is compared with a plurality of reference radio signatures. Each reference radio signature in the plurality of reference radio signatures is associated with a global position. When the comparing identifies a unique match between the current radio signature and a reference radio signature in the plurality of reference radio signatures, the radio receiver is deemed to be localized to the global position associated with the reference radio signature.

Claims

1. A method of localizing a geographic position of a radio receiver, the method comprising:

obtaining a current radio signature by scanning a contiguous range of frequencies in a frequency spectrum, wherein said current radio signature comprises a plurality of measured signal qualities that collectively represent said frequency spectrum, each measured signal quality in said plurality of measured signal qualities is for a corresponding frequency window in a plurality of frequency windows, wherein each respective frequency window in the plurality of frequency windows is for a predetermined range of frequencies in said contiguous range of frequencies, and wherein the signal quality of a respective frequency window in the plurality of frequency windows of the current radio signature is deemed to be the strongest signal measured in the predetermined range of frequencies in said respective frequency window; and

comparing said current radio signature to a plurality of reference radio signatures, each reference radio signature in said plurality of reference radio signatures associated with a global position;

wherein

when said comparing identifies a unique match between said current radio signature and a reference radio signature in said plurality of reference radio signatures, said radio receiver is deemed to be localized to the global position associated with said reference radio signature.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the frequency spectrum is all or a portion of the FM frequency spectrum.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the frequency spectrum is all or a portion of the FM spectrum and all or a portion of the AM frequency spectrum.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the frequency spectrum is all or a portion of the spectrum between 300 KHz and 3 MHz.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the frequency spectrum is all or a portion of the spectrum between 3 MHz and 30 MHz.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the frequency spectrum is all or a portion of the spectrum between 30 MHz and 300 MHz.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the frequency spectrum is all or a portion of the spectrum between 300 MHz and 3000 MHz.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein a measured signal quality in said plurality of measured signal qualities is a decibel rating of a frequency in said frequency spectrum.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein a measured signal quality in said plurality of measured signal qualities is a voltage representing a frequency in said frequency spectrum.

10. The method of claim 1, wherein each frequency window in said plurality of frequency windows has a spectral width that is between 1 KHz and 200 KHz.

11. The method of claim 1, wherein each frequency window in said plurality of frequency windows has a spectral width that is between 200 KHz and 400 KHz.

12. The method of claim 1, wherein a spectral width of a first frequency window and a second frequency window in said plurality of frequency windows is the same.

13. The method of claim 1, wherein a spectral width of a first frequency window and a second frequency window in said plurality of frequency windows is different.

14. The method of claim 1, wherein a first measured signal quality and a second measured signal quality each correspond to a first frequency window in said plurality of frequency windows.

15. The method of claim 14, wherein the first measured signal quality and the second signal quality are each independently selected from the group consisting of an RDS quality, an FM multipath reading, FM level, AM level, and a phase lock.

16. The method of claim 1, wherein said plurality of reference radio signatures comprises between five reference radio signatures and one million reference radio signatures.

17. The method of claim 1, wherein said plurality of reference radio signatures comprises between one hundred reference radio signatures and fifty thousand reference radio signatures.

18. The method of claim 1, wherein said plurality of reference radio signatures comprises between five hundred reference radio signatures and twenty-five thousand reference radio signatures.

19. The method of claim 1, wherein each reference radio signature in said plurality of reference signatures corresponds to a unique global position in the United States, Canada, or Mexico.

20. The method of claim 1, wherein a reference radio signature in said plurality of reference radio signatures comprises a plurality of reference signal qualities, each reference signal quality in said plurality of reference signal qualities corresponding to a portion of the frequency spectrum.

21. The method of claim 20, wherein the portion of said frequency spectrum corresponding to a first reference signal quality in said plurality of reference signal qualities is a first frequency window.

22. The method of claim 21, wherein said first frequency window comprises a frequency spectrum that has a spectral width that is between 1 KHz and 200 KHz.

23. The method of claim 1, wherein said obtaining comprises scanning a predetermined range of frequencies to form a scan, and for each respective frequency in said predetermined range of frequencies in said scan, identifying a respective characteristic of said respective frequency.

24. The method of claim 23, wherein said characteristic of said frequency is a signal to noise ratio of said frequency or a signal strength of said frequency.

25. The method of claim 23, wherein said scanning is repeated a plurality of times to generate a plurality of scans and an average is taken of said respective characteristic of said respective frequency from said plurality of scans.

26. The method of claim 23, wherein said identifying a respective characteristic of said respective frequency comprises measuring said respective characteristic of said respective frequency for less than 1 second.

27. The method of claim 23, wherein said identifying a respective characteristic of said respective frequency comprises measuring said respective characteristic more than 500 times per second and averaging the result of each said measurement.

28. The method of claim 1, wherein said comparing said current radio signature only compares nonsaturated signal qualities in said plurality of measured signal qualities.

29. The method of claim 1, the method further comprising normalizing said current radio signature prior to said comparing.

30. The method of claim 1, the method further comprising removing a basal voltage present in said current radio signature.

31. The method of claim 1, wherein, when said comparing does not identify a unique match between said current radio signature and any reference radio signature in said plurality of reference radio signatures, the method further comprises identifying a reference radio signature in said one or more reference radios signatures that is geographically proximate to a global position assigned to a past radio signature of the radio receiver such that said radio receiver is deemed to be localized to the global position associated with said reference radio signature.

32. The method of claim 1, wherein said comparing comprises:

selecting an initial value for N, wherein N is any integer in the range 1 through M. wherein M is the number of measured signal qualities in said current radio signature;

eliminating each respective reference radio signature in said plurality of reference radio signatures that does not have an N^th largest signal quality in the respective reference radio signature that is at the same frequency as the N^th largest signal quality in said current radio signature; and

repeating said eliminating step using a different value for N, with the proviso that N remains in the range 1 through M, until a single reference radio signature in said plurality of reference radio signatures has not been eliminated.

33. The method of claim 1, the method further comprising storing said plurality of reference radio signatures in a hash table prior to said obtaining step and said comparing step comprises a lookup of a reference radio signature in said hash table.

34. The method of claim 1, wherein said global position comprises a geometric polygon encompassing 50 square miles of area or less.

35. The method of claim 1, wherein said global position comprises a geometric polygon encompassing 5 square miles of area or less.

36. The method of claim 1, wherein said global position comprises a geometric polygon encompassing 1 square mile of area or less.

37. The method of claim 1, wherein said global position comprises a geometric polygon encompassing 5 contiguous acres of area or less.

38. The method of claim 1, the method further comprising providing information as a function of an identity of said reference radio signature that uniquely matches said current radio signature.

39. The method of claim 38, wherein said providing comprises

using said identity of said reference radio signature to lookup a message in a radio display table;

and

displaying said message.

40. The method of claim 39 wherein said message is related to traffic at a point within the global position of said reference radio signature that uniquely matches said current radio signature.

41. The method of claim 1, the method further comprising:

receiving a radio display table.

42. The method of claim 39 wherein said message includes text, an alarm, a sound, an audible message, an audible instruction, or a song.

43. The method of claim 1, the method further comprising populating said plurality of reference radio signatures.

44. The method of claim 43, wherein a reference radio signature in said plurality of radio signatures is populated using a propagation model.

45. The method of claim 43, wherein a reference radio signature in said plurality of radio signatures is populated using an empirical model.

46. The method of claim 1, wherein the current radio signature is expressed as an array that comprises a value for each frequency window within the contiguous range of frequencies that have been scanned by said obtaining step.

47. The method of claim 46, wherein the value for a respective frequency window in the array is a binary value that indicates a presence or absence of a signal in the respective frequency window.

48. The method of claim 46, wherein the value for a respective frequency window in the array indicates a signal strength measured in the respective frequency window.

49. The method of claim 1, wherein each reference radio signature in said plurality of reference radio signatures is expressed as an array that comprises a value for each frequency window within the contiguous range.

50. A device having a memory, the memory comprising:

a radio signature lookup table, said radio signature lookup table comprising a plurality of reference radio signatures that collectively represent a frequency spectrum, each reference radio signature in said plurality of reference radio signatures associated with a global position;

a radio signature measurement module for localizing a global position of a device, the radio signature measurement module comprising instructions for obtaining a current radio signature by scanning a contiguous range of frequencies in said frequency spectrum. wherein said current radio signature comprises a plurality of measured signal qualities, each measured signal quality in said plurality of measured signal qualities is for a corresponding frequency window in a plurality of frequency windows, wherein each respective frequency window in the plurality of frequency windows is for a predetermined range of frequencies in said contiguous range of frequencies, and wherein the signal quality of a frequency window in the plurality of frequency windows of the current radio signature is deemed to be the strongest signal measured in the predetermined range of frequencies in said respective frequency window; and

a radio signature comparison module comprising instructions for comparing said current radio signature to said plurality of reference radio signatures,

wherein the portion of said frequency spectrum corresponding to a first measured signal quality in said plurality of measured signal qualities is a first frequency window.

51. The device of claim 50, the memory further comprising:

instructions for accessing a radio display table, wherein said radio display table comprises information for each global position in a plurality of global positions; and

a radio display module for obtaining information from said radio display table as a function of an identity of a reference radio signature uniquely identified by said instructions for comparing.

52. The device of claim 51, the memory further comprising a table update module, wherein said table update module comprises instructions for wirelessly updating information in said radio display table from a remote location.

53. The device of claim 50, the memory further comprising a table update module, wherein said table update module comprises instructions for updating a reference radio signature in said radio signature lookup table.

54. The device of claim 50, wherein said radio signature lookup table and said radio signature measurement module are embedded in one or more application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), one or more field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or any combination thereof.

55. The device of claim 50, wherein said device comprises an ASIC or FPGA.

56. The device of claim 50, wherein said device is a component of an RDS or an HD radio.

57. The device of claim 50, the memory further comprising instructions for populating said radio signature lookup table.

58. The device of claim 57, wherein a reference radio signature in said radio signature lookup table is populated by said instructions for populating using a propagation model.

59. The device of claim 57, wherein a reference radio signature in said radio signature lookup table is populated by said instructions for populating using an empirical model.

60. The device of claim 50, wherein the current radio signature is expressed as an array that comprises a value for each frequency window within the contiguous range of frequencies that have been scanned by said obtaining step.

61. The device of claim 60, wherein the value for a respective frequency window in the array is a binary value that indicates a presence or absence of a signal in the respective frequency window.

62. The device of claim 60, wherein the value for a respective frequency window in the array indicates a signal strength measured in the respective frequency window.

63. The device of claim 60, wherein each reference radio signature in said plurality of reference radio signatures is expressed as an array that comprise a value for each frequency window within the contiguous range.