Adaptive radio transceiver

• US 7,299,006 B1
• Filed: 10/23/2000
• Issued: 11/20/2007
• Est. Priority Date: 10/21/1999
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Avago Technologies International Sales Pte Limited (Broadcom, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Broadcom Corporation (Broadcom, Inc.)
• Inventors: Colleran, William T., Pan, Meng-An, Chien, Hung-Ming, Rael, Jacob, Khorram, Shahla, Wu, Stephen, Syed, Masood, Moloudi, Shervin, Ibrahim, Brima, Rofougaran, Ahmadreza, Rofougaran, Maryam
• Primary Examiner(s): Milord; Marceau
• Application Number:
  US09/695,715
• Time in Patent Office: 2,584 Days
• Field of Search: 455/20, 455/23, 455/86, 455/87, 455/85, 455/118, 455/73, 455/84.86, 455/84, 455/323
• US Class Current: 455/20
• CPC Class Codes: H03D 3/244 combined with means for obtaining automatic gain control
• CPC Class Codes: H03J 2200/04 Alignment of a transmitter during fabrication
• CPC Class Codes: H03L 2207/12 Indirect frequency synthesis using a mixer in the phase-locked loop
• CPC Class Codes: H03L 7/0995 the oscillator comprising a ring oscillator
• CPC Class Codes: H03L 7/18 using a frequency divider or counter in the loop H03L7/20, H03L7/22 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 1/707 using direct sequence modulation
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 1/713 using frequency hopping
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 17/101 for measurement of specific parameters of the transmitter or components thereof
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 17/14 of the whole transmission and reception path, e.g. self-test loop-back
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 17/19 Self-testing arrangements
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 17/20 of receivers

Abstract

An exemplary embodiment of the present invention described and shown in the specification and drawings is a transceiver with a receiver, a transmitter, a local oscillator (LO) generator, a controller, and a self-testing unit. All of these components can be packaged for integration into a single IC including components such as filters and inductors. The controller for adaptive programming and calibration of the receiver, transmitter and LO generator. The self-testing unit generates is used to determine the gain, frequency characteristics, selectivity, noise floor, and distortion behavior of the receiver, transmitter and LO generator. It is emphasized that this abstract is provided to comply with the rules requiring an abstract which will allow a searcher or other reader to quickly ascertain the subject matter of the technical disclosure. It is submitted with the understanding that it will not be used to interpret or limit the scope or the meaning of the claims.

Claims

1. A complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) transmitter system, comprising:

first oscillator means for generating a first signal having a tunable frequency, the first oscillating means comprising tuning means for tuning the frequency of the first signal;

mixer means for mixing the first signal with a second signal to produce a mixed signal;

detector means for detecting a phase difference between the mixed signal and an input signal, and generating an error signal which is a function of the phase difference, the tuning means being responsive to the error signal; and

second oscillator means for generating the second signal.

2. The CMOS transmitter system of claim 1 wherein the first oscillator means comprises a voltage controlled oscillator, the tuning means being responsive to a voltage of the error signal.

3. The CMOS transmitter system of claim 1 further comprising filter means for filtering the mixed signal before being applied to the detector means, the filtered mixed signal comprising a difference frequency between the tuned frequency of the first signal and a frequency of the second signal.

4. The CMOS transmitter system of claim 3 further comprising means for limiting the filtered mixed signal from the filter means before being applied to the detector means.

5. The CMOS transmitter system of claim 1 further comprising means for sourcing current to the tuning means responsive to the error signal.

6. The CMOS transmitter system of claim 1 further comprising means for filtering the error signal from the detecting means before being applied to the tuning means.

7. The CMOS transmitter system of claim 1 wherein the first oscillator means comprises a voltage controlled oscillator, the tuning means being responsive to a voltage of the error signal, the CMOS transmitter system further comprising filter means for filtering the mixed signal before being applied to the detector means, the filtered mixed signal comprising a difference frequency between the tuned frequency of the first signal and a frequency of the second stage, means for limiting the filtered mixed signal from the filter means before being applied to the detector means, current means for sourcing current to the tuning means responsive to the error signal, and means for filtering the current sourced error signal from the current means before being applied to the tuning means.

8. The CMOS integrated circuit of claim 1 wherein the mixer means comprises a subsampling mixer.

9. The CMOS integrated circuit of claim 8 wherein the subsampling mixer comprises track and hold means for tracking and holding the first signal in response to the second signal, and limiting means for limiting the response of the track and hold means to a frequency band, the first signal being within the frequency band.

10. The CMOS integrated circuit of claim 9 further comprising means for buffering first signal before being applied to the track and hold means.

11. The CMOS integrated circuit of claim 9 wherein the limiting means comprises an inductor and capacitor each being coupled to the track and hold means.

12. The CMOS integrated circuit of claim 9 wherein the track and hold means comprises a switch in a path of the first signal, the switch being controlled by the second signal.

13. The CMOS transmitter system according to claim 1, wherein the CMOS transmitter system is part of a wireless communications device.

14. The CMOS transmitter system according to claim 13, wherein the wireless communications device comprises a radio frequency (RF) wireless communications device.

15. The CMOS transmitter system according to claim 14, wherein the RF wireless communications device performs orthogonal frequency division multiplexing.

16. The CMOS transmitter system according to claim 14, wherein the RF wireless communications device performs direct sequence spread spectrum modulation.

17. The CMOS transmitter system according to claim 16, wherein the RF wireless communications device performs orthogonal frequency division multiplexing.

18. The CMOS transmitter system according to claim 14, wherein the RF wireless communications device performs frequency hopping.

19. The CMOS transmitter system according to claim 18, wherein the RF wireless communications device performs orthogonal frequency division multiplexing.

20. The CMOS transmitter system according to claim 13, wherein the wireless communications device comprises an RE spread spectrum wireless communications device.

21. The CMOS transmitter system according to claim 20, wherein the CMOS transmitter system is part of a single integrated circuit chip.

22. The CMOS transmitter system according to claim 21, wherein the single integrated circuit chip comprises a receiver of the wireless communications device.

23. A transmitter system, comprising:

first oscillator means for generating a first signal having a tunable frequency, the first oscillating means comprising tuning means for tuning the frequency of the first signal;

mixer means for mixing the first signal with a second signal to produce a mixed signal;

filter means for filtering the mixed signal to generate a difference signal between the frequency of the first signal and a harmonic of the second signal; and

detector means for detecting a phase difference between the filtered mixed signal and an input signal, and generating an error signal which is a function of the phase difference, the tuning means being responsive to the error signal; and

second oscillator means for generating the second signal.

24. The transmitter system of claim 23 wherein the first oscillator means comprises a voltage controlled oscillator, the tuning means being responsive to a voltage of the error signal.

25. The transmitter system of claim 23 wherein the second signal comprises a frequency different from the frequency of the first oscillator means.

26. The transmitter system of claim 23 further comprising means for limiting the filtered mixed signal from the filter means before being applied to the detector means.

27. The transmitter system of claim 23 further comprising means for sourcing current to the tuning means responsive to the error signal.

28. The transmitter system of claim 23 further comprising means for filtering the error signal from the detecting means before being applied to the tuning means.

29. The transmitter system of claim 23 wherein the first oscillator means comprises a voltage controlled oscillator, the tuning means being responsive to a voltage of the error signal, and the second signal comprises a frequency different from the frequency of the first oscillator means, the transmitter system further comprising means for limiting the filtered mixed signal from the filter means before being applied to the detector means, current means for sourcing current to the tuning means responsive to the error signal, and means for filtering the current sourced error signal from the current means before being applied to the tuning means.

30. The transmitter system of claim 23 wherein the mixer comprises track and hold means for tracking and holding the first signal in response to the second signal, and limiting means for limiting the response of the track and hold means to a frequency band, the first signal being within the frequency band.

31. The transmitter system of claim 30 further comprising means for buffering first signal before being applied to the track and hold means.

32. The transmitter system of claim 30 wherein the limiting means comprises an inductor and capacitor each being coupled to the track and hold means.

33. The transmitter system of claim 30 wherein the track and hold means comprises a switch in a path of the first signal, the switch being controlled by the second signal.

34. The transmitter system according to claim 23, wherein the transmitter system is part of a wireless communications device.

35. The transmitter system according to claim 34, wherein the wireless communications device comprises a radio frequency (RF) wireless communications device.

36. The transmitter system according to claim 35, wherein the RF wireless communications device performs orthogonal frequency division multiplexing.

37. The transmitter system according to claim 35, wherein the RF wireless communications device performs direct sequence spread spectrum modulation.

38. The transmitter system according to claim 37, wherein the RF wireless communications device performs orthogonal frequency division multiplexing.

39. The transmitter system according to claim 35, wherein the RF wireless communications device performs frequency hopping.

40. The transmitter system according to claim 39, wherein the RF wireless communications device performs orthogonal frequency division multiplexing.

41. The transmitter system according to claim 35,

wherein the transmitter system employs complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology, and

wherein the first oscillator means, the mixer means, the filter means, the detector means and the second oscillator means are part of a single integrated circuit chip.

42. The transmitter system according to claim 41, wherein the single integrated circuit chip comprises a receiver of the wireless communications device.

43. The transmitter system according to claim 34, wherein the wireless communications device comprises an RF spread spectrum wireless communications device.

44. A spread spectrum wireless communications device, comprising:

an integrated circuit that employs complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology, the integrated circuit comprising a local oscillator and a transmitter,

wherein the transmitter comprises a tunable oscillator, a mixer and a phase detector,

wherein the tunable oscillator comprises a tuning input,

wherein the mixer comprises a first input, a second input and an output, the first input of the mixer being operatively coupled to the tunable oscillator,

wherein the phase detector comprises a first input, a second input and an output, the first input of the phase detector being operatively coupled to the output of the mixer, the output of the phase detector being operatively coupled to the tuning input, and

wherein the local oscillator is operatively coupled to the second input of the mixer.

45. The spread spectrum wireless communications device according to claim 44, wherein the integrated circuit is part of a single integrated circuit chip.

46. The spread spectrum communications device according to claim 44, wherein the spread spectrum communications device comprises a radio frequency (RF) wireless communications device.

47. The spread spectrum communications device according to claim 46, wherein the RF wireless communications device performs spread spectrum modulation.

48. The spread spectrum communications device according to claim 46, wherein the RF wireless communications device performs direct sequence spread spectrum modulation.

49. The spread spectrum communications device according to claim 48, wherein the RF wireless communications device performs orthogonal frequency division modulation.

50. The spread spectrum communications device according to claim 46, wherein the RF wireless communications device performs frequency hopping.

51. The spread spectrum communications device according to claim 50, wherein the RF wireless communications device performs orthogonal frequency division modulation.

52. The spread spectrum communications device according to claim 46, wherein the RF wireless communications device supports a plurality of spread spectrum modulation techniques.

53. The spread spectrum wireless communications device according to claim 46, wherein the integrated circuit is part of a single integrated circuit chip.

54. The spread spectrum wireless communications device according to claim 53, wherein the single integrated circuit chip comprises a receiver of the spread spectrum wireless communications device.

55. The spread spectrum wireless communications device according to claim 44, wherein the spread spectrum wireless communications device performs frequency hopping.

56. The spread spectrum wireless communications device according to claim 44, wherein the spread spectrum wireless communications device performs direct sequence spread spectrum modulation.

57. The spread spectrum wireless communications device according to claim 44, wherein the spread spectrum wireless communications device supports a plurality of different wireless spread spectrum modulation techniques.

58. The spread spectrum wireless communications device according to claim 44, wherein the spread spectrum wireless communications device performs orthogonal frequency division multiplexing.

59. The spread spectrum wireless communications device according to claim 44, wherein the spread spectrum wireless communications device supports communications using direct sequence spread spectrum modulation and communications using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing.

60. The spread spectrum wireless communications device according to claim 44, wherein the spread spectrum wireless communications device supports communications using frequency hopping and communications using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing.

61. The spread spectrum wireless communications device according to claim 44, wherein the tunable oscillator comprises a voltage controlled oscillator.

62. The spread spectrum wireless communications device according to claim 44, wherein the transmitter comprises a bandpass filter that is operatively coupled between the output of the mixer and the first input of the phase detector.

63. The spread spectrum wireless communications device according to claim 62, wherein the transmitter comprises a limiter that is operatively coupled between the bandpass filter and the first input of the phase detector.

64. The spread spectrum wireless communications device according to claim 44, wherein the transmitter comprises a charge pump that is operatively coupled between the output of the phase detector and the tuning input.

65. The spread spectrum wireless communications device according to claim 44, wherein the transmitter comprises a loop filter that is operatively coupled between the output of the phase detector and the tuning input.

66. The spread spectrum wireless communications device according to claim 44,

wherein the tunable oscillator comprises a voltage controlled oscillator,

wherein the integrated circuit comprises a bandpass filter, a limiter, a charge pump and a loop filter,

wherein the bandpass filter is operatively coupled to the mixer,

wherein the limiter is operatively coupled between the bandpass filter and the first input of the phase detector,

wherein the charge pump is operatively coupled to the phase detector output, and

wherein the loop filter is operatively coupled between the charge pump and the tuning input.

67. The spread spectrum wireless communications device according to claim 44, wherein the mixer comprises a subsampling mixer.

68. The spread spectrum wireless communications device according to claim 67,

wherein the mixer comprises a track and hold circuit and a bandpass circuit,

wherein the track and hold circuit is operatively coupled to the first input of the mixer, the second input of the mixer and the output of the mixer, and

wherein the bandpass circuit is operatively coupled to the first input of the mixer and the output of the mixer.

69. The spread spectrum wireless communications device according to claim 68, wherein the mixer comprises an input circuit that is disposed between the first input of the mixer and the track and hold circuit.

70. The spread spectrum wireless communications device according to claim 68, wherein the mixer comprises a buffer that is disposed between the track and hold circuit and the output of the mixer.

71. The spread spectrum wireless communications device according to claim 68,

wherein the bandpass circuit comprises an inductor and a capacitor,

wherein the inductor is operatively coupled to the first input of the mixer, and

wherein the capacitor is operatively coupled to the output of the mixer.

72. The spread spectrum wireless communications device according to claim 68,

wherein the track and hold circuit comprises a switch that is disposed between the first input of the mixer and the output of the mixer, and

wherein the switch is controlled by a signal that is applied to the second input of the mixer from the local oscillator.

73. The spread spectrum wireless communications device according to claim 72,

wherein the switch comprises a transistor having a gate, a source and a drain,

wherein the gate is operatively coupled to the second input of the mixer,

wherein the source is operatively coupled to the first input of the mixer,

wherein the bandpass circuit comprises a capacitor and an inductor,

wherein the capacitor is operatively coupled to the drain, and

wherein the inductor is operatively coupled to the source.

74. The spread spectrum wireless communications device according to claim 73, wherein the capacitor and the inductor cooperate to provide a time constant that is related to a signal frequency that is applied to the first input of the mixer from the tunable oscillator.

75. The spread spectrum wireless communications device according to claim 68,

wherein the track and hold circuit comprises a transistor and a current source,

wherein the transistor includes an input node and an output node,

wherein the input node of the transistor is operatively coupled to the first input of the mixer,

wherein the output node of the transistor is operatively coupled to the output of the mixer,

wherein the current source is operatively coupled to the output of the mixer, and

wherein the current source is controlled by a signal that is applied to the second input of the mixer.

76. The spread spectrum wireless communications device according to claim 75,

wherein the current source comprises a second transistor having a gate, a drain and a source,

wherein the gate is operatively coupled to the first input of the mixer,

wherein the drain is operatively coupled to the output of the mixer,

wherein the bandpass circuit comprises a capacitor and an inductor,

wherein the capacitor is operatively coupled to the output of the mixer, and

wherein the inductor is operatively coupled to the drain of the second transistor.

77. The spread spectrum wireless communications device according to claim 76, wherein the capacitor and the inductor cooperate to provide a time constant that is related to a signal frequency that is applied to the first input of the mixer from the tunable oscillator.

78. A complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) integrated circuit, comprising:

a transmitter comprising a tunable oscillator having a tuning input, a mixer having a first input coupled the tunable oscillator, a second input, and an output, and a phase detector having a first input coupled to the mixer output, a second input, and an output coupled to the tuning input; and

a local oscillator coupled to the second input of the mixer.

79. The CMOS integrated circuit of claim 78 wherein the tunable oscillator comprises a voltage controlled oscillator.

80. The CMOS integrated circuit of claim 78 wherein the transmitter further comprises a bandpass filter coupled between the mixer output and the first input of the phase detector.

81. The CMOS integrated circuit of claim 80 wherein the transmitter further comprises a limiter coupled between the bandpass filter and the first input of the phase detector.

82. The CMOS integrated circuit of claim 78 wherein the transmitter further comprises a charge pump coupled between the phase detector output and the tuning input.

83. The CMOS integrated circuit of claim 78 wherein the transmitter further comprises a loop filter coupled between the phase detector output and the tuning input.

84. The CMOS integrated circuit of claim 78 wherein the tunable oscillator comprises a voltage controlled oscillator, the CMOS integrated circuit further comprising a bandpass filter coupled to the mixer, a limiter coupled between the bandpass filter and the first input of the phase detector, a charge pump coupled to the phase detector output, and a loop filter coupled between the charge pump and the tuning input.

85. The CMOS integrated circuit of claim 78 wherein the mixer comprises a subsampling mixer.

86. The CMOS integrated circuit of claim 85 wherein the mixer comprises a track and hold circuit coupled to the inputs of the mixer and the output of the mixer, and a bandpass circuit coupled to the first input of the mixer and the output of the mixer.

87. The CMOS integrated circuit of claim 86 wherein the mixer further comprises an input circuit disposed between the first input of the mixer and the track and hold circuit.

88. The CMOS integrated circuit of claim 86 wherein the mixer further comprises a buffer disposed between the track and hold circuit and the output of the mixer.

89. The CMOS integrated circuit of claim 86 wherein the bandpass circuit comprises an inductor coupled to the first input of the mixer and a capacitor coupled to the output of the mixer.

90. The CMOS integrated circuit of claim 86 wherein the track and hold circuit comprises a switch between the first input of the mixer and the output of the mixer, the switch being adapted for control by a signal applied to the second input of the mixer from the local oscillator.

91. The CMOS integrated circuit of claim 90 wherein the switch comprises a transistor having a gate coupled to the second input of the mixer, a source coupled to the first input of the mixer, and a drain, and wherein the bandpass circuit comprises a capacitor coupled to the drain, and an inductor coupled to the source.

92. The CMOS integrated circuit of claim 91 wherein the capacitor and inductor cooperate to provide a time constant related to a signal frequency applied to the first input of the mixer for the tunable oscillator.

93. The CMOS integrated circuit of claim 86 wherein the track and hold circuit comprises a transistor having an input node coupled to the first input of the mixer and an output node coupled to the output of the mixer, and a current source coupled to the output of the mixer, the current source being adapted for control by a signal applied to the second input of the mixer.

94. The CMOS integrated circuit of claim 93 wherein the current source comprises a second transistor having a gate coupled to the first input of the mixer, a drain coupled to the output of the mixer, and a source, and wherein the bandpass circuit comprises a capacitor coupled to the output of the mixer and an inductor coupled to the drain of the second transistor.

95. The CMOS integrated circuit of claim 94 wherein the capacitor and inductor cooperate to provide a time constant related to a signal frequency applied to the first input of the mixer from the tunable oscillator.

96. The transmission system of claim 85 wherein the mixer comprises a track and hold circuit coupled to the inputs of the mixer and the output of the mixer, and a bandpass circuit coupled to the first input of the mixer and the output of the mixer.

97. The transmission system of claim 96 wherein the mixer further comprises an input circuit disposed between the first input of the mixer and the track and hold circuit.

98. The transmission system of claim 96 wherein the mixer further comprises a buffer disposed between the track and hold circuit and the output of the mixer.

99. The transmission system of claim 96 wherein the bandpass circuit comprises an inductor coupled to the first input of the mixer and a capacitor coupled to the output of the mixer.

100. The transmission system of claim 96 wherein the track and hold circuit comprises a switch between the first input of the mixer and the output of the mixer, the switch being adapted for control by a signal applied to the second input of the mixer from the local oscillator.

101. The transmission system of claim 100 wherein the switch comprises a transistor having a gate coupled to the second input of the mixer, a source coupled to the first input of the mixer, and a drain, and wherein the bandpass circuit comprises a capacitor coupled to the drain, and an inductor coupled to the source.

102. The transmission system of claim 101 wherein the capacitor and induction cooperate to provide a time constant related to a signal frequency applied to the first input of the mixer from the tunable oscillator.

103. The transmission system of claim 96 wherein the track and hold circuit comprises a transistor having an input mode coupled to the first input of the mixer and an output node coupled to the output of the mixer, and a current source coupled to the output of the mixer, the current source being adapted for control by a signal applied to the second input of the mixer.

104. The transmission system of claim 103 wherein the current source comprises a second transistor having a gate coupled to the first input of the mixer, a drain coupled to the output of the mixer, and a source, and wherein the bandpass circuit comprises a capacitor coupled to the output of the mixer and an inductor coupled to the drain of the second transistor.

105. The transmission system of claim 104 wherein the capacitor and inductor cooperate to provide a time constant related to a signal frequency applied to the first input of the mixer from the tunable oscillator.

106. The CMOS integrated circuit according to claim 78, wherein the transmitter is part of a wireless communications device.

107. The CMOS integrated circuit according to claim 106, wherein the wireless communications device comprises a radio frequency (RF) wireless communications device.

108. The CMOS integrated circuit according to claim 107, wherein the RF wireless communications device performs orthogonal frequency division multiplexing.

109. The CMOS integrated circuit according to claim 107, wherein the RF wireless communications device performs direct sequence spread spectrum modulation.

110. The CMOS integrated circuit according to claim 109, wherein the RF wireless communications device performs orthogonal frequency division multiplexing.

111. The CMOS integrated circuit according to claim 107, wherein the RF wireless communications device performs frequency hopping.

112. The CMOS integrated circuit according to claim 111, wherein the RF wireless communications device performs orthogonal frequency division multiplexing.

113. The CMOS integrated circuit according to claim 106, wherein the wireless communications device comprises an RF spread spectrum wireless communications device.

114. The CMOS integrated circuit according to claim 106, wherein the CMOS integrated circuit is part of a single integrated circuit chip.

115. The CMOS integrated circuit according to claim 114, wherein the single integrated circuit chip comprises a receiver.

116. A transmission system, comprising:

a transmitter comprising a tunable oscillator having a tuning input, a subsampling mixer having a first input coupled the tunable oscillator, a second input, and an output, and a phase detector having a first input coupled to the mixer output, a second input, and an output coupled to the tuning input; and

a local oscillator coupled to the second input of the mixer.

117. The transmission system of claim 116 wherein the oscillator comprises a voltage controlled oscillator.

118. The transmission system of claim 116 wherein the transmitter further comprises a bandpass filter coupled between the subsampling mixer output and the first input of the phase detector.

119. The transmission system of claim 118 wherein the transmitter further comprises a limiter coupled between the bandpass filter and the first input of the phase detector.

120. The transmission system of claim 116 wherein the transmitter further comprises a charge pump coupled between the phase detector output and the tuning input.

121. The transmission system of claim 116 wherein the transmitter further comprises a loop filter coupled between the phase detector output and the tuning input.

122. The transmission system of claim 116 wherein the tunable oscillator comprises a voltage controlled oscillator, the transmission system further comprising a bandpass filter coupled to the mixer output, a limiter coupled between the bandpass filter and the first input of the phase detector, a charge pump coupled to the phase detector output, and a loop filter coupled between the charge pump and the tuning input.

123. The transmission system according to claim 116, wherein the transmitter is part of a wireless communications device.

124. The transmission system according to claim 123, wherein the wireless communications device comprises a radio frequency (RF) wireless communications device.

125. The transmission system according to claim 124, wherein the RF wireless communications device performs orthogonal frequency division multiplexing.

126. The transmission system according to claim 124, wherein the RF wireless communications device performs direct sequence spread spectrum modulation.

127. The transmission system according to claim 126, wherein the RF wireless communications device performs orthogonal frequency division multiplexing.

128. The transmission system according to claim 124, wherein the RF wireless communications device performs frequency hopping.

129. The transmission system according to claim 128, wherein the RF wireless communications device performs orthogonal frequency division multiplexing.

130. The transmission system according to claim 124, wherein the transmitter is part of a single integrated circuit chip.

131. The transmission system according to claim 130, wherein the single integrated circuit chip comprises a receiver of the wireless communications device.

132. The transmission system according to claim 123, wherein the wireless communications device comprises an RF spread spectrum wireless communications device.

133. The transmission system according to claim 123,

wherein the wireless communications device comprises a spread spectrum wireless communications device,

wherein the transmitter is part of a single integrated circuit chip, and

wherein the single integrated circuit chip is part of the spread spectrum wireless communications device.

134. The transmission system according to claim 133, wherein the single integrated circuit chip comprises a receiver of the spread spectrum wireless communications device.

135. A spread spectrum wireless communications transceiver on a single integrated circuit chip that employs complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology, comprising:

a local oscillator;

a tunable oscillator;

a mixer; and

a phase detector,

wherein the tunable oscillator comprises a tuning input,

wherein the mixer comprises a first input, a second input and an output, the first input of the mixer being operatively coupled to the tunable oscillator,

wherein the phase detector comprises a first input, a second input and an output, the first input of the phase detector being operatively coupled to the output of the mixer, the output of the phase detector being operatively coupled to the tuning input, and

wherein the local oscillator is operatively coupled to the second input of the mixer.

136. The spread spectrum wireless communications transceiver according to claim 135, wherein the spread spectrum communications device comprises a radio frequency (RF) wireless communications transceiver.

137. The spread spectrum wireless communications transceiver according to claim 135, wherein the spread spectrum wireless communications transceiver performs spread spectrum modulation.

138. The spread spectrum wireless communications transceiver according to claim 137, wherein the spread spectrum wireless communications transceiver performs direct sequence spread spectrum modulation.

139. The spread spectrum wireless communications transceiver according to claim 135, wherein the spread spectrum wireless communications transceiver performs orthogonal frequency division modulation.

140. The spread spectrum wireless communications transceiver according to claim 135, wherein the spread spectrum wireless communications transceiver performs frequency hopping.

141. The spread spectrum wireless communications transceiver according to claim 135, wherein the spread spectrum wireless communications transceiver supports communications over a wireless local area network.

142. The spread spectrum wireless communications transceiver according to claim 135, wherein the spread spectrum wireless communications transceiver supports communications over a personal area network.

143. The spread spectrum wireless communications transceiver according to claim 135, wherein the spread spectrum wireless communications transceiver supports communications using phase shift keying.

144. The spread spectrum wireless communications transceiver according to claim 143, wherein the phase shift keying comprises binary phase shift keying.

145. The spread spectrum wireless communications transceiver according to claim 143, wherein the phase shift keying comprises quadrature phase shift keying.

146. The spread spectrum wireless communications transceiver according to claim 143, wherein the phase shift keying comprises offset quadrature phase shift keying.

147. The spread spectrum wireless communications transceiver according to claim 135, wherein the spread spectrum wireless communications transceiver supports a plurality of spread spectrum modulation techniques.

148. The spread spectrum wireless communications transceiver according to claim 135, wherein the spread spectrum wireless communications transceiver supports communications using direct sequence spread spectrum modulation and communications using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing.

149. The spread spectrum wireless communications transceiver according to claim 135, wherein the spread spectrum wireless communications device supports communications using frequency hopping and communications using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing.

150. The spread spectrum wireless communications transceiver according to claim 135, comprising a receiver.