Methods and systems for remote detection of gases

• US 7,301,148 B2
• Filed: 04/23/2003
• Issued: 11/27/2007
• Est. Priority Date: 04/23/2003
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Battelle Memorial Institute
• Original Assignee: Battelle Memorial Institute
• Inventors: Johnson, Timothy J.
• Primary Examiner(s): Porta; David
• Assistant Examiner(s): Sung; Christine
• Application Number:
  US10/422,027
• Publication Number:
  US 20040211900A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,679 Days
• Field of Search: 250/338.4
• US Class Current: 250/338.4
• CPC Class Codes: G01J 3/108 for measurement in the infrared range
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/3504 for analysing gases, e.g. multi-gas analysis

Abstract

Novel systems and methods for remotely detecting at least one constituent of a gas via infrared detection are provided. A system includes at least one extended source of broadband infrared radiation and a spectrally sensitive receiver positioned remotely from the source. The source and the receiver are oriented such that a surface of the source is in the field of view of the receiver. The source includes a heating component thermally coupled to the surface, and the heating component is configured to heat the surface to a temperature above ambient temperature. The receiver is operable to collect spectral infrared absorption data representative of a gas present between the source and the receiver. The invention advantageously overcomes significant difficulties associated with active infrared detection techniques known in the art, and provides an infrared detection technique with a much greater sensitivity than passive infrared detection techniques known in the art.

Claims

1. A system for remotely detecting at least one constituent of a gas, comprising:

a spectrally sensitive receiver positioned at a receiver location, said receiver including an optical component defining a field of view; and

a first extended source of broadband infrared radiation positioned at a first source location separated from the receiver location, the first source comprising a surface and a heating component thermally coupled to the surface;

wherein the heating component is configured to heat the surface to a temperature above ambient temperature; and

wherein the first source and the receiver are oriented such that at least a portion of the surface of the first source is in the field of view;

wherein the receiver is operable to collect spectral infrared absorption data representative of a first gas present between the first source and the receiver, the heating component being operatively coupled to a temperature controller; and

further comprising a temperature sensor operative to sense ambient temperature, wherein the temperature controller is operative to control the heating component such that the heating component heats the surface to a substantially uniform temperature that is a predetermined number of degrees higher than ambient temperature sensed by the temperature sensor.

2. The system in accordance with claim 1 wherein the temperature sensor, the temperature controller and the receiver are operatively coupled to a processing subsystem.

3. The system in accordance with claim 1 wherein the substantially uniform temperature is a temperature of from about 10 to about 300°

C. higher than ambient temperature.

4. The system in accordance with claim 1 wherein the substantially uniform temperature is a temperature of from about 20 to about 200°

C. higher than ambient temperature.

5. The system in accordance with claim 1 wherein the substantially uniform temperature is a temperature of from about 50 to about 150°

C. higher than ambient temperature.

6. The system in accordance with claim 1 wherein the substantially uniform temperature is a temperature of from about 75 to about 125°

C. higher than ambient temperature.

7. A method for remotely analyzing a gas, comprising:

providing a spectrally sensitive receiver at a receiver location, the receiver including an optical component defining a field of view;

providing a first extended source of broadband infrared radiation at a first source location separated from the receiver location by a first distance, the first source comprising a surface and a heating component thermally coupled to the surface;

wherein the heating component is configured to heat the surface to a temperature above ambient temperature; and

wherein the first source and the receiver are oriented such that at least a portion of the surface of the first source is in the field of view;

collecting spectral infrared absorption data with the receiver, the data being representative of a first gas present between the first source and the receiver; and

comparing the data representative of the first gas to known gas infrared absorption information to determine at least one characteristic of the first gas;

further comprising providing a temperature sensor operative to sense ambient temperature, and controlling the heating component such that the heating component heats the surface to a substantially uniform temperature that is a predetermined number of degrees higher than ambient temperature sensed by the temperature sensor.

8. The method in accordance with claim 7 wherein the temperature sensor, the temperature controller and the receiver are operatively coupled to a processing subsystem.

9. The method in accordance with claim 7 wherein the substantially uniform temperature is a temperature of from about 10 to about 300°

C. higher than ambient temperature.

10. The method in accordance with claim 7 wherein the substantially uniform temperature is a temperature of from about 20 to about 200°

C. higher than ambient temperature.

11. The method in accordance with claim 7 wherein the substantially uniform temperature is a temperature of from about 50 to about 150°

C. higher than ambient temperature.

12. The method in accordance with claim 7 wherein the substantially uniform temperature is a temperature of from about 75 to about 125°

C. higher than ambient temperature.