Single and multiple sinewave modulation and demodulation techniques, apparatus, and communications systems

• US 7,310,385 B2
• Filed: 05/15/2006
• Issued: 12/18/2007
• Est. Priority Date: 04/16/2004
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Data Flow Technologies Incorporated
• Original Assignee: Data Flow Technologies Incorporated
• Inventors: Brown, Forrest J., D'Alessandro, Kenneth, Kunzel, Ronald E.
• Primary Examiner(s): Lugo; David B.
• Application Number:
  US11/383,457
• Publication Number:
  US 20060222105A1
• Time in Patent Office: 582 Days
• Field of Search: 375/259, 375/260, 375/268, 375/300, 375/320, 332/149, 455/108
• US Class Current: 375/300
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 27/00 Modulated-carrier systems

Abstract

A method for generating a substantially sinusoidal waveform containing encoded digital data having one of a first value and a second value at selected phase angles θ_n comprises generating the waveform having an amplitude Y defined by a first function at phase angles lying outside of data regions, the first function being Y=sin θ; generating the waveform having an amplitude Y defined by the first function at phase angles lying inside the data regions having a range of Δθ beginning at each phase angle θ_n where data of the first value is to be encoded; and generating the waveform having an amplitude Y defined by a second function different from Y=sin θ at phase angles lying inside the data regions having a range of Δθ associated with each phase angle θ_n where data of the second value is to be encoded. The third harmonic of the waveform may be generated and used.

Claims

1. A method for generating a waveform containing encoded digital data having one of a first value and a second value at selected phase angles θ

_n comprising;

generating the waveform having an amplitude Y defined by a first function at phase angles lying outside of data regions, the first function being Y=sin θ

;

generating the waveform having an amplitude Y defined by the first function at phase angles lying inside the data regions having a range of Δ

θ

beginning at each phase angle θ

_n where data of the first value is to be encoded;

generating the waveform having an amplitude Y defined by a second function at phase angles lying inside the data regions having a range of Δ

θ

associated with each phase angle θ

_n where data of the second value is to be encoded, the second function being different from Y=sin θ

; and

generating the third harmonic of the waveform containing encoded digital data.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein the second function for all data regions of the second value encoded in the first, second, third, and fourth quadrants of the waveform is the same and is one of Y=sin θ

<sub>(n+Δ

θ

)</sub> and Y=sin θ

_n.

3. The method of claim 1 wherein the number of selected phase angles θ

_n is variable.

4. The method of claim 1 wherein the number of selected phase angles θ

_n s dynamically variable during a communication in response to feedback from an apparatus receiving the waveform.

5. The method of claim 1 wherein the number of selected phase angles θ

_n s dynamically variable during a communication in response to negotiation with an apparatus receiving the waveform.

6. The method of claim 1 wherein the value of each of the selected phase angles θ

_n is variable.

7. The method of claim 1 wherein the value of at least one of the selected phase angles θ

_n is altered for an interval of time to identify an event.

8. The method of claim 1 wherein the value of at least one of the selected phase angles θ

_n is altered for an interval of time to encode an additional data bit.

9. The method of claim 1 wherein the range of Δ

θ

associated with each data region is the same.

10. The method of claim 1 wherein the range of Δ

θ

may be different for at least one data region.

11. The method of claim 1 wherein the range of Δ

θ

may be different for at least one data region in a selected number of cycles of the waveform.

12. Apparatus for generating a waveform containing encoded digital data having one of a first value and a second value at selected phase angles θ

_n comprising;

means for generating the waveform having an amplitude Y defined by a first function at phase angles lying outside of data regions, and at phase angles lying inside the data regions having a range of Δ

θ

beginning at each phase angle θ

_n where data of the first value is to be encoded, the first function being Y=sin θ

, and for generating the waveform having an amplitude Y defined by a second function at phase angles lying inside the data regions having a range of Δ

θ

associated with each phase angle θ

_n where data of the second value is to be encoded, the second function being different from Y=sin θ

; and

means for generating the third harmonic of the waveform containing encoded digital data.

13. The apparatus of claim 12 wherein the second function for all data regions of the second value encoded in the first, second, third, and fourth quadrants of the waveform is the same and is one of Y=sin θ

<sub>(n+Δ

θ

)</sub> and Y=sin θ

_n.

14. The apparatus of claim 12 wherein the means for generating the waveform includes means for varying the number of selected phase angles θ

_n.

15. The apparatus of claim 12 wherein the means for generating the waveform includes means for dynamically varying the number of selected phase angles θ

_n during a communication in response to feedback from an apparatus receiving the waveform.

16. The apparatus of claim 12 wherein the means for generating the waveform includes means for dynamically varying the number of selected phase angles θ

_n i during a communication in response to negotiation with an apparatus receiving the waveform.

17. The apparatus of claim 12 wherein the means for generating the waveform includes means for varying the value of each of the selected phase angles θ

_n.

18. The apparatus of claim 12 wherein the means for generating the waveform includes means for altering the value of at least one of the selected phase angles θ

_n for an interval of time to identify an event.

19. The apparatus of claim 12 wherein the means for generating the waveform includes means for altering the value of at least one of the selected phase angles θ

_n for an interval of time to encode an additional data bit.

20. The apparatus of claim 12 wherein the means for generating the waveform generates data regions wherein the range of Δ

θ

associated with each data region remains the same.

21. The apparatus of claim 12 wherein the means for generating the waveform includes means for making the range of Δ

θ

different for at least one data region.

22. The apparatus of claim 12 wherein the means for generating the waveform includes means for making the range Δ

θ

different for at least one data region in a selected number of cycles of the waveform.

23. A method or decoding a waveform containing encoded digital data comprising:

receiving a waveform having an amplitude Y defined by a first function at phase angles lying outside of data regions, the first function being Y=sin θ

, having an amplitude Y defined by the first function at phase angles lying inside the data regions having a range of Δ

θ

beginning at each phase angle θ

_n where data of the first value is to be encoded, and having an amplitude Y defined by a second function at phase angles lying inside the data regions having a range of Δ

θ

associated with each phase angle θ

_n where data of the second value is to be encoded, the second function being different from Y=sin θ

; and

decoding the data from the waveform.

24. The method of claim 23 wherein the waveform is a third harmonic of an originally-encoded waveform at a fundamental frequency.

25. The method of claim 23, further including:

detecting whether the value of at least one of the selected phase angles θ

_n has been altered for an interval of time to identify an event; and

performing an action if the value of the at least one of the selected phase angles θ

_n has been altered for an interval of time to identify an event.

26. The method of claim 25 wherein the event is a control event an the action is a control action performed in response to the control event.

27. The method of claim 23, further including:

detecting whether the value of at least one of the selected phase angles θ

_n has been altered for an interval of time to encode an additional data bit; and

performing an action if the value of the at least one of the selected phase angles θ

_n has been altered for an interval of time to encode an additional data bit.

28. The method of claim 27 wherein the action is to record the data bit.

29. The method of claim 23, further including:

detecting whether the range of Δ

θ

associated with each data region in the same; and

performing one action if the range of Δ

θ

associated with each data region is the same and performing another action if it is not.

30. The method of claim 23, further including:

detecting whether the range of Δ

θ

is different for at least one data region; and

performing one action if the range of Δ

θ

is different for the at least one data region and performing another action if it is not.

31. The method of claim 23, further including:

detecting whether a range of Δ

θ

is different for at least one data region in a selected number of cycles of the waveform; and

performing one action if the range of Δ

θ

is different for at least one data region in the selected number of cycles of the waveform and performing another action if it is not.

32. The method of claim 31 wherein the range of Δ

θ

being different for at least one data region in a selected number of cycles of the waveform indicates a control event and the action is a control action.

33. A communications system for communicating in a communications medium and comprising:

a first station including;

an encoder for generating at least one waveform containing encoded digital data at selected phase angles θ

_n, the waveform having an amplitude Y=sin θ

at phase angles lying outside of data regions, the waveform having an amplitude Y=sin θ

at phase angles lying inside the data regions having a range of Δ

θ

beginning at each phase angle θ

_n where data of the first value is to be encoded, the waveform having an amplitude Y defined by a different from Y=sin θ

at phase angles lying inside the data regions having a range of Δ

θ

associated with each phase angle θ

_n where data of the second value is to be encoded; and

a transmitter for transmitting the third harmonic of the at least one waveform containing encoded digital data through the medium;

a second station coupled to the first station through the communications medium and including;

a receiver for receiving the third harmonic of the at least one waveform containing encoded digital data through the medium from the first station; and

a decoder for extracting the digital data from the third harmonic of the at least one waveform containing encoded digital data.

34. The communications system of claim 33 wherein the communications medium is a wire system.

35. The communications system of claim 33 wherein the communications medium is a telephone system.

36. The communications system of claim 33 wherein the communications medium is a power distribution system.

37. The communications system of claim 33 wherein the communications medium is a coaxial cable.

38. The communications system of claim 37 wherein the communications system is a cable television system.

39. The communications system of claim 33 wherein the communications medium is a terrestrial wireless channel.

40. The communications system of claim 39 wherein the communications medium is a radio frequency channel.

41. The communications system of claim 39 wherein the communications medium is a television channel.

42. The communications system of claim 33 wherein the communications medium is a microwave link.

43. The communications system of claim 42 wherein the first station is an earth station and the second station is extraterrestrial.

44. The communications system of claim 43 wherein the second station is on board a spacecraft.

45. The communications system of claim 43 wherein the second station is a satellite.

46. The communications system of claim 33 further including:

a third station coupled to the second station through the communications medium and including;

a receiver for receiving the substantially sinusoidal waveform containing encoded digital data through the medium; and

a decoder for extracting the digital data from the waveform containing encoded digital data.

and wherein the second station further includes a transmitter for transmitting the waveform containing the encoded digital data through the medium to the third station.

47. The communications system of claim 33 wherein the number of selected phase angles θ

_n for each waveform is variable.

48. The communications system of claim 33 wherein the number of selected phase angles θ

_n for each waveform is dynamically variable during a communication in response to feedback from a receiving apparatus receiving the each waveform.

49. The communications system of claim 33 wherein the number of selected phase angles θ

_n for each waveform is dynamically variable during a communication in response to negotiation with a receiving apparatus receiving the each waveform.

50. The communications system of claim 33 wherein the value of at least one of the selected phase angles θ

_n in at least one of the waveforms is altered for an interval of time to identify an event.

51. The communications system of claim 33 wherein the value of at least one of the selected phase angles θ

_n in at least one of the waveforms is altered for an interval of time to encode an additional data bit.

52. A communications system for communicating in a communications medium and comprising:

a first station;

a second station coupled to the first station through the communications medium;

wherein the first and second stations each include;

an encoder for generating at least one waveform containing encoded digital data at selected phase angles θ

_n, the waveform having an amplitude Y=sin θ

at phase angles lying outside of regions having a range of Δ

θ

beginning at each phase angle θ

_n, the waveform having an amplitude Y=sin θ

at phase angles lying inside the regions having a range of Δ

θ

beginning at each phase angle θ

_n where data of the first value is to be encoded, the waveform having an amplitude Y defined by a different from Y=sin θ

at phase angles lying inside the regions having a range of Δ

θ

associated with each phase angle θ

_n where data of the second value is to be encoded;

a transmitter for transmitting the third harmonic of the at least one waveform containing encoded digital data through the medium;

a receiver for receiving the third harmonic of the at least one waveform containing encoded digital data through the medium; and

a decoder for extracting the digital data from the third harmonic of the at least one waveform containing encoded digital data.

53. The communications system of claim 52 wherein the communications medium is a wire system.

54. The communications system of claim 53 wherein the communications medium is a telephone system.

55. The communications system of claim 53 wherein the communications medium is a power distribution system.

56. The communications system of claim 52 wherein the communications medium is a coaxial cable.

57. The communications system of claim 56 wherein the communications system is a cable television system.

58. The communications system of claim 52 wherein the communications medium is a terrestrial wireless channel.

59. The communications system of claim 58 wherein the communications medium is a radio frequency channel.

60. The communications system of claim 58 wherein the communications medium is a television channel.

61. The communications system of claim 52 wherein the communications medium is a microwave link.

62. The communications system of claim 61 wherein the first station is an earth station and the second station is extraterrestrial.

63. The communications system of claim 61 wherein the second station is on board a spacecraft.

64. The communications system of claim 61 wherein the second station is a satellite.

65. The communications system of claim 52 further including:

a third station coupled to the second station through the communications medium and including;

a receiver for receiving the waveform containing encoded digital data through the medium; and

a decoder for extracting the digital data from the waveform containing encoded digital data;

and wherein the second station further includes a transmitter for transmitting the waveform containing encoded digital data through the medium to the third station.

66. The communications system of claim 52 wherein the number of selected phase angles θ

_n for each waveform is variable.

67. The communications system of claim 52 wherein the number of selected phase angles θ

_n for each waveform is dynamically variable during a communication in response to feedback from a receiving apparatus receiving the each waveform.

68. The communications system of claim 52 wherein the number of selected phase angles θ

_n for each waveform is dynamically variable during a communication in response to negotiation with a receiving apparatus receiving the each waveform.

69. The communications system of claim 52 wherein the value of at least one of the selected phase angles θ

_n in at least one of the waveforms is altered for an interval of time to identify an event.

70. The communications system of claim 52 wherein the value of at least one of the selected phase angles θ

_n in at least one of the waveforms is altered for an interval of time to encode an additional data bit.

71. A method for generating a waveform containing encoded digital data having one of a first value and a second value at data regions located at selected phase angles θ

_n of the waveform, the method comprising;

generating the waveform having an amplitude Y=sin θ

at phase angles not included in the data regions;

generating the waveform having an amplitude Y=sin θ

at phase angles lying inside the data regions and having a range of Δ

θ

beginning at each phase angle θ

_n where data of the first value is to be encoded; and

generating the waveform having an amplitude Y defined by a second function different from Y=sin θ

at phase angles lying inside the data regions and having a range of Δ

θ

associated with each phase angle θ

_n where data of the second value is to be encoded.

72. The method of claim 71, further including generating the third harmonic of the waveform containing encoded digital data.

73. Apparatus for generating a waveform containing encoded digital data having one of a first value and a second value at data regions located at selected phase angles θ

_n of the waveform, the apparatus comprising;

means for generating the waveform having an amplitude Y=sin θ

at phase angles not included in the data regions;

means for generating the waveform having an amplitude Y=sin θ

at phase angles lying inside the data regions and having a range of Δ

θ

beginning at each phase angle θ

_n where data of the first value is to be encoded; and

means for generating the waveform having an amplitude Y defined by a second function different from Y=sin θ

at phase angles lying inside the data regions and having a range of Δ

θ

associated with each phase angle θ

_n where data of the second value is to be encoded.

74. The apparatus of claim 73, further including means for generating the third harmonic of the waveform containing encoded digital data.

75. The apparatus of claim 74 wherein the means for generating the third harmonic of the waveform containing encoded digital data comprises an amplifier run in a compression mode.

76. The apparatus of claim 74 wherein the second function for all data regions of the second value encoded in the first, second, third, and fourth quadrants of the waveform is the same and is one of Y=sin θ

<sub>(n+Δ

θ

)</sub> and Y=sin θ

_n.

77. A method for decoding information from a waveform comprising:

receiving a waveform containing encoded digital data at selected phase angles θ

_n, the waveform having an amplitude Y=sin θ

at phase angles lying outside of data regions, the waveform having an amplitude Y=sin θ

at phase angles lying inside the data regions having a range of Δ

θ

beginning at each phase angle θ

_n where data of the first value is to be encoded, the waveform having an amplitude Y defined by

a function different from Y=sin θ

at phase angles lying inside the data regions having a range of Δ

θ

associated with each phase angle θ

_n where data of the second value is to be encoded; and

extracting the encoded digital data from the waveform to form a data stream.

78. Apparatus for decoding information from a waveform containing encoded digital data at selected phase angles θ

_n, the waveform having an amplitude Y=sin θ

at phase angles lying outside of data regions, the waveform having an amplitude Y=sin θ

at phase angles lying inside the data regions having a range of Δ

θ

beginning at each phase angle θ

_n where data of the first value is to be encoded, the waveform having an amplitude Y defined by function a different from Y=sin θ

at phase angles lying inside the data regions having a range of Δ

θ

associated with each phase angle θ

_n where data of the second value is to be encoded, comprising;

means for receiving the waveform containing encoded digital data;

means for generating a sinusoidal reference waveform from said waveform containing encoded digital data, said reference waveform having a constant phase relationship with said waveform containing encoded digital data;

means for mixing said reference sinusoidal waveform and said waveform containing encoded digital data, and for extracting said encoded digital data from said balanced mixer.

79. A computer readable medium carrying one or more instructions for generating a waveform containing encoded digital data having one of a first value and a second value at data regions located at selected phase angles θ

_n of the waveform, the one more instructions including instructions which executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform the method comprising;

generating the waveform having an amplitude Y=sin θ

at phase angles not included in the data regions;

generating the waveform having an amplitude Y=sin θ

at phase angles lying inside the data regions and having a range of Δ

θ

beginning at each phase angle θ

_n where data of the first value is to be encoded; and

generating the waveform having an amplitude Y defined by a second function different from Y=sin θ

at phase angles lying inside the data regions and having a range of Δ

θ

associated with each phase angle θ

_n where data of the second value is to be encoded.

80. The computer readable medium of claim 79 wherein the second function for all data regions of the second value encoded in the first, second, third, and fourth quadrants of the waveform is the same and is one of Y=sin θ

<sub>(n+Δ

θ

)</sub> and Y=sin θ

_n.

81. A system for generating a waveform containing encoded digital data having one of a first value and a second value at data regions located at selected phase angles θ

_n of the waveform, the system comprising;

a processing system executing instructions for directing the processing system to;

generate the waveform having an amplitude Y=sin θ

at phase angles not included in the data regions;

generate the waveform having an amplitude Y=sin θ

at phase angles lying inside the data regions and having a range of Δ

θ

beginning at each phase angle θ

_n where data of the first value is to be encoded; and

generate the waveform having an amplitude Y defined by a second function different from Y=sin θ

at phase angles lying inside the data regions and having a range of Δ

θ

associated with each phase angle θ

_n where data of the second value is to be encoded; and

a media readable by said processing system that stores said instructions.

82. The system of claim 81 wherein the second function for all data regions of the second value encoded in the first, second, third, and fourth quadrants of the waveform is the same and is one of Y=sin θ

<sub>(n+Δ

θ

)</sub> and Y=sin θ

_n.