Signal processing device for acoustic transducer array

• US 7,319,641 B2
• Filed: 10/10/2002
• Issued: 01/15/2008
• Est. Priority Date: 10/11/2001
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Yamaha Corporation
• Original Assignee: 1 Corporation
• Inventors: Hooley, Anthony, Troughton, Paul Thomas, Goudie, Angus Gavin
• Primary Examiner(s): PIHULIC, DANIEL T
• Application Number:
  US10/492,138
• Publication Number:
  US 20050041530A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,923 Days
• Field of Search: 367/138, 367/905, 381/17, 381/18, 381/77, 381/81, 381/85
• US Class Current: 367/138
• CPC Class Codes: H04R 1/403 loud-speakers
• CPC Class Codes: H04R 2201/401 2D or 3D arrays of transducers
• CPC Class Codes: H04R 2201/405 Non-uniform arrays of transducers or a plurality of uniform arrays with different transducer spacing
• CPC Class Codes: H04R 2203/12 Beamforming aspects for stereophonic sound reproduction with loudspeaker arrays
• CPC Class Codes: H04R 2205/022 Plurality of transducers corresponding to a plurality of sound channels in each earpiece of headphones or in a single enclosure
• CPC Class Codes: H04R 3/12 for distributing signals to two or more loudspeakers specially adapted for hearing aids H04R25/407

Abstract

The invention provides transducer arrays which are capable of outputting sound beams having a relatively constant width, and with minimal sidelobes, across a range of frequencies. This is achieved by utilising one or more digital signal modifiers within the signal path between the input sound signal and the array of transducers. Variable window functions are also disclosed.

Claims

1. An array of transducers for providing sound beams in air, said array comprising

a plurality of electro-acoustic transducers being positioned within an outer array boundary;

a digital signal path between an input and said transducers for broadband audio signals with signal components in a range of audible frequencies; and

one or more digital signal modifiers located within the signal path between said input and said transducers and capable of controlling outputs of said transducers, said one or more digital signal modifiers being adapted to confine outputs generated in response to said signal components to a subset of said transducers positioned within a subarray of said array having an outer subarray boundary lying within said outer array boundary, wherein said outer subarray boundary is widened quasi-continuously with decreasing frequency of said signal components.

2. The array of claim 1 wherein the one or more digital signal modifiers are adapted to gradually reduce the output of transducers positioned within a transitional zone of the subarray from full output to effectively zero output.

3. The array of claim 2, wherein the one or more digital signal modifiers are adapted to reduce the output of at least one transducer positioned within the transitional zone of the subarray to an amplitude level having a value below full amplitude level and effectively zero amplitude level.

4. The array of claim 1, wherein the one or more digital signal modifiers are adapted to widen the outer subarray boundary towards the outer array boundary to effectively maintain a beamwidth at a pre-selected and constant or near-constant value over the range of frequencies.

5. The array of claim 1, having digital processors adapted to arrange the signal into two or more channels, said channels having different travel lengths to a given location, wherein the one or more digital signal modifiers are adapted to maintain a different beamwidth for each of said two or more channels.

6. The array of claim 1, wherein the digital signal modifier is a finite digital filter.

7. The array of claim 1, comprising further digital signal processors to steer one or more beams of said signal into predetermined directions.

28. The array of claim 1, wherein the array is a two-dimensional array.

8. An array of transducers for providing sound beams in air, said array comprising

a plurality of electro-acoustic transducers being positioned within an outer array boundary;

a digital signal path between an input and said transducers for broadband audio signals with signal components in a range of audible frequencies; and

one or more digital signal modifiers located within the signal path between said input and said transducers and capable of controlling outputs of said transducers, said one or more digital signal modifiers being adapted to impose a frequency dependent spatial gain window onto the array of transducers.

9. The array of claim 8, wherein the width of the spatial gain window is a function of the frequency of the signal components.

10. The array of claim 8, wherein the window function has a tapered edge at which the gain is gradually reduced with increasing window radius.

11. The array of claim 8, wherein the window function is independent of frequency for all frequencies above a higher threshold frequency within the range of frequencies.

12. The array of claim 8, wherein the window function is independent of frequency for all frequencies below a lower threshold frequency within the range of frequencies.

13. The array of claim 8, wherein one or more different window functions are imposed for all frequencies below a lower threshold frequency within the range of frequencies.

14. An array of transducers for creating a sound wavefield in air, said array comprising

a plurality of electro-acoustic transducers emitting acoustic wave signals and being positioned within an outer array boundary;

and

a digital signal path between an input and said transducers for broadband audio signals including signals within at least one range of audible frequencies,

wherein the spacing between transducers is non-uniform within at least a subarray of said array.

15. The array of claim 14, wherein the average distance between adjacent transducers increases with increasing distance of said transducers from a centre of the array.

16. The array of claim 14, wherein transducers of a first size are positioned in a central subarray of the array and transducers of a second larger size are positioned outside said central subarray.

17. The array of claim 14, wherein a group of transducers are connected to the same one or more digital signal modifiers.

18. An array of transducers for providing sound beams in air, said array comprising

a plurality of electro-acoustic transducers being positioned within an outer array boundary;

a digital signal path between an input and said transducers for broadband audio signals with signal components in a range of audible frequencies; and

one or more digital signal modifiers located within the signal path between said input and said transducers and capable of controlling outputs of said transducers, said one or more digital signal modifiers being adapted to confine outputs generated in response to said signal components to a subset of said transducers positioned within a subarray of said array having an outer subarray boundary lying within said outer array boundary, wherein said outer subarray boundary is widened quasi-continuously with decreasing frequency of said signal components and wherein the spacing between transducers is non-uniform within at least said subarray.

19. A method of operating an array of electro-acoustic transducers to provide sound beams in air, said method comprising the steps of controlling the outputs of said transducer such that outputs generated in response to audio signal components having a range of audible frequencies are confined to a subset of said transducers positioned within a subarray of said array having an outer subarray boundary lying within said outer array boundary and widening said outer subarray boundary quasi-continuously with decreasing frequency of said signal components.

20. The method of claim 19 comprising the step of using a frequency-dependent spatial gain window function to confine the outputs.

21. The method of claim 19, comprising the step of widening the outer subarray boundaries such that a constant or near-constant beamwidth over the range of frequencies is maintained.

22. Sound system to reproduce in air a multi-channel surround sound signal including at least one rear channel, said system including an array of transducers comprising

a plurality of electro-acoustic transducers being positioned within an outer array boundary;

a digital signal path between an input and said transducers for broadband audio signals with signal components in a range of audible frequencies; and

one or more digital signal modifiers located within the signal path between said input and said transducers and capable of controlling outputs of said transducers, said one or more digital signal modifiers being adapted to confine outputs generated in response to said signal components to a subset of said transducers positioned within a subarray of said array having an outer subarray boundary lying within said outer array boundary, wherein said outer subarray boundary is widened quasi-continuously with decreasing frequency of said signal components.

23. The sound system of claim 22, wherein the one or more digital signal modifiers are adapted to widen the outer subarray boundary towards the outer array boundary to effectively maintain a beamwidth at a pre-selected and constant or near-constant value over the range of frequencies.

24. The sound system of claim 22, having digital processors adapted to arrange the signal into two or more channels, including the at least one rear channel, said channels having different travel lengths to a given location, wherein the one or more digital signal modifiers are adapted to maintain a different beamwidth for each of said two or more channels.

25. The sound system of claim 22, wherein an average distance between adjacent transducers increases with increasing distance of said transducers from a centre of the array.

26. The sound system of claim 22, wherein the one or more digital signal modifiers is adapted to impose a frequency dependent spatial gain window onto the array of transducers.

27. The sound system of claim 22, having digital processors adapted to arrange the signal into two or more channels, including the at least one rear channel, said channels having different travel lengths to a given location, wherein the one or more digital signal modifiers are adapted to maintain a different beamwidth for each of said two or more channels and to impose a frequency dependent spatial gain window onto the array of transducers and wherein an average distance between adjacent transducers increases with increasing distance of said transducers from a centre of the array.