Multirate, constant envelope, constant bandwidth, modulation, channelization, and detection system based on orthogonal bipolar spreading vectors including biorthogonal coding and including error-control

• US 7,319,658 B2
• Filed: 04/23/2003
• Issued: 01/15/2008
• Est. Priority Date: 04/23/2003
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Northrop Grumman Systems Corporation (Northrop Grumman Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Northrop Grumman Corporation
• Inventors: Linsky, Stuart T.
• Primary Examiner(s): Harper; Kevin C.
• Application Number:
  US10/421,123
• Publication Number:
  US 20040213143A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,728 Days
• Field of Search: 370/203,208 375/260
• US Class Current: 370/203
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 1/7093 Matched filter type
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 2001/70935 using a bank of matched fileters, e.g. Fast Hadamard Transform
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 2201/70703 using multiple or variable rates
• CPC Class Codes: H04J 13/004 Orthogonal
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 1/0003 by switching between different modulation schemes

Abstract

A modulation channelization, demodulation and error-control system based on orthogonal bipolar spreading vectors is provided that permits a variable information rate to be transmitted without inducing envelope fluctuations and which permits multiple access without requiring the transmitter amplifier to support the combined information rate of all users. The modulation system uses the Hadamard matrix vectors to form communication channels. The information rate on any channel may be doubled by using half the vector length to transmit information. The vector that is not orthogonal-in-the-half to the rate-doubled vector is deactivated. Similarly, higher information rates may be provided through truncation of the transmission vector and the elimination of the resultant non-orthogonal vectors. The system provides biorthogonal coding in addition to multirate communication. A multi-channel receiver including a Fast Hadamard Transform structure comprised of controllable modified logic cells for performing the multi-rate communication of the present invention is illustrated.

Claims

1. A multirate communication system comprising:

a set of orthogonal spreading modulation vectors, each vector being 2^v chips in length, where v is any positive integer, each modulation vector supporting the transfer of information at a first information rate;

a first subset of the set of modulation vectors defining biorthogonal codewords for biorthogonal coding of information;

a second subset of the set of modulation vectors supporting the transfer of information at an information rate 2ⁿ times the first information rate, where n is any positive integer, with the exclusion of (2ⁿ−

1) vectors in said set of modulation vectors not orthogonal to the first 2<sup>(v−

n)</sup> chips of said set of modulation vectors;

a transmitter for modulating and transmitting information over said set of modulation vectors; and

a receiver for receiving and demodulating information over said set of modulation vectors.

2. The communication system of claim 1 wherein the set of modulation vectors supports the simultaneous transfer of information at variable rates of 2ⁿ times the first information rate, the total information transfer rate for the set remaining less than or equal to 2^v bits per vector epoch.

3. The communication system of claim 1 wherein said set of modulation vectors comprises a Hadamard matrix.

4. A multirate receiver comprising:

an adaptable modified Fast Hadamard Transform (FHT) operating on the vectors of a Hadamard matrix, said FHT comprised of logic cells that may be set to either a pass or combine mode to allow multirate communication over the vectors of the Hadamard matrix;

a selection logic selecting either pass or combine mode for logic cells of said adaptable FHT in response to channel rate selections;

a sign detector detecting the sign of a received observable vector;

a magnitude selector for selecting the largest correlation of a received observable vector to a biorthogonal code selection; and

a biorthogonal output former receiving the largest correlation selected by said magnitude selector and the sign detected by said sign detector and decoding received information.

5. The receiver of claim 4 wherein each vector is 2^v chips long where v is any positive integer.

6. The receiver of claim 4 wherein the vectors are grouped into a first subset which supports the transfer of information at an information rate 2ⁿ times the first information rate with the exclusion of (2ⁿ−

1) vectors in said set not orthogonal to the first 2<sup>(v−

n)</sup> chips of said modulation vector and a second subset which supports biorthogonal coding.

7. The receiver of claim 6 wherein the set of modulation vectors supports the simultaneous transfer of information at variable rates of 2ⁿ times the first information rate, the total information transfer rate for the set remaining less than or equal to v bits per vector epoch.

8. The receiver of claim 6 wherein the logic cells of the FHT are set to pass and combine modes to provide said variable information rate information transfer and said biorthogonal coding.

9. The receiver of claim 4 wherein the output of said FHT forms soft decisions which are passed to further processing units in the receiver.

10. The receiver of claim 9 wherein the output of said sign detector forms uncoded recovered information which is passed to further processing units in the receiver.

11. A method for transmitting information comprising:

forming a set of orthogonal spreading modulation vectors having a first first subset of vectors having said first length;

transmitting information at a second information rate using a portion of a second vector of said first subset of vectors, said portion of said second vector orthogonal to said first vector, wherein each modulation vector of said first subset supports the transfer of information at an information rate 2ⁿ times the first information rate with the exclusion (2ⁿ−

1) vectors in said set not orthogonal to the first 2<sup>(v−

n)</sup> chips of said modulation vector;

transmitting information using biorthogonal coding of the vectors in said second subset;

refraining from transmitting using any vector in said first subset not orthogonal to said portion of said second vector;

refraining from transmitting using any vector in said first subset not orthogonal to the vectors of said second subset;

receiving and demodulating said information transmitted at said first and second information rates and with said biorthogonal coding.

12. The method of claim 11 wherein each modulation vector is 2^v chips long where v is any positive integer.

13. The method of claim 11 wherein the set of modulation vectors supports the simultaneous transfer of information at variable rates of 2ⁿ times the first information rate, the total information transfer rate for the set remaining less than or equal to v bits per vector epoch.

14. The method of claim 11 wherein said set of modulation vectors comprises a Hadamard matrix.