Method and system to enhance differential dynamic range and signal/noise in CMOS range finding systems using differential sensors

• US 7,321,111 B2
• Filed: 12/28/2006
• Issued: 01/22/2008
• Est. Priority Date: 04/12/2004
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Microsoft Technology Licensing LLC (Microsoft Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Canesta Incorporated (Microsoft Corporation)
• Inventors: Bamji, Cyrus, Salama, Khaled
• Primary Examiner(s): Lee; John R.
• Application Number:
  US11/648,062
• Publication Number:
  US 20070158533A1
• Time in Patent Office: 390 Days
• Field of Search: 250/214.A, 250/214.1, 250/214.R, 348/294, 348/296, 348/301, 348/302, 328/308
• US Class Current: 250/214.00A
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 25/00 Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 25/57 Control of the dynamic range
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 25/772 comprising A/D, V/T, V/F, I/T or I/F converters
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 25/78 Readout circuits for addressed sensors, e.g. output amplifiers or A/D converters

Abstract

Dynamic range of a differential pixel is enhanced by injecting, synchronously or asynchronously, a compensating offset (Δ_COMP) into a differential signal capacitor whenever magnitude of the differential signal across the capacitor exceeds a predetermined value. Positive and negative magnitudes of Δ_COMP need not be equal. The number (N) of Δ_COMP offsets made is counted. Effective differential signal capacitor voltage V(t)=Vo±N·Δ_COMP, where Vo is capacitor voltage. In other embodiments magnitude of Δ_COMP in a sequence of compensations can differ, and the sum total of compensations in recorded. Differential pixel signal/noise ratio is increased by dynamically maximizing operational amplifier gain A_G for each differential pixel.

Claims

1. A method to increase effective differential dynamic range of a differential pixel responsive to optical energy, a detection response V(t) of said differential pixel having a common mode component and a differential component, the method including:

(a) adding at least one compensating offset to avoid a saturation magnitude differential signal level; and

(b) recording effective sum of compensating offsets added to avoid said saturation magnitude;

wherein effective value of said differential signal V(t) is proportional to V_OUT ±

K·

(effective sum of said compensating offsets), where K is a constant.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein:

step (a) includes adding compensating voltage Δ

_COMP selected from +Δ

_COMP and −

Δ

_COMP, where +_COMP can differ in magnitude from −

Δ

_COMP; and

at step (b) effective sum of said compensating offsets is realized by counting number N of times said compensating offset has been added to avoid said saturation magnitude;

wherein effective value of said differential signal V(t) is proportional to V_OUT ·

K·

N·

(±

Δ

_COMP), where K is a constant.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein step (a) is carried out synchronously by examining magnitude of V(t) at time intervals that may vary in duration from each other, and compensating at times if V(t) exceeds a high threshold voltage or is lower than a low threshold voltage.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein step (a) is carried out asynchronously by compensating V(t) whenever magnitude of V(t) exceeds a high threshold voltage or is below a low threshold voltage.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein in a sequence of added said Δ

_COMP, among values of said Δ

_COMP in said sequence, at least some of said values have a characteristic selected from a constant magnitude and a varying magnitude.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein said differential pixel includes a differential photodetector, and further including resetting common mode of said differential photodetector so as to avoid common mode saturation of said differential photodetector.

7. The method of claim 6, further including preserving a differential mode component of said differential photodetector in a differential signal capacitor so as to reduce differential signal loss during common mode resetting of said differential photodetector.

8. The method of claim 2, wherein step (b) includes processing value of N in a manner selected from a group consisting of (i) N is stored within said differential pixel and is read-out at end of an integration time, and (ii) N is stored external to said differential pixel and is periodically updated by reading from said pixel detector.

9. For use with a differential pixel responsive to optical energy, a detection response of said differential pixel having a common mode component and a differential component, differential dynamic range enhancing circuitry to enhance effective dynamic range of said differential pixel, said differential dynamic range enhancing circuitry comprising:

compensation circuitry adding a compensating offset to avoid a saturation magnitude differential signal level; and

means for recording effective sum of said compensating offsets added to avoid said saturation magnitude;

wherein effective value of said differential signal V(t) is proportional to V(_OUT) ±

K·

(effective sum of said compensating offsets), where K is a constant.

10. The differential dynamic range enhancing circuitry of claim 9, wherein:

said compensation circuitry adds a fixed magnitude compensating offset Δ

_COMP selected from +Δ

_COMP and −

Δ

_COMP where +Δ

_COMP can differ in magnitude from −

Δ

_COMP; and

said means for recording includes means for counting number N of times said compensating offset has been added to avoid said saturation magnitude.

11. The differential dynamic range enhancing circuitry of claim 10, wherein said means for counting includes at least one of (i) means for counting N within said differential pixel and reading-out N at end of an integration time and storing N external to said differential pixel, (ii) means for periodically updating N by reading from said pixel detector, (iii) a digital counter, (iv) a pseudo random sequence digital counter, (v) an analog counter, (vi) an analog counter implemented as a capacitor whose charge magnitude increments with each compensating offset charge, and (vii) an analog counter including capacitance whose charge magnitude decrements with each compensating offset charge.

12. The differential dynamic range enhancing circuitry of claim 9, wherein said compensation circuitry operates synchronously by examining magnitude of V(t) at time intervals that may vary in duration from each other, and compensates at times if V(t) exceeds a high threshold voltage or is under a low threshold voltage.

13. The differential dynamic range enhancing circuitry of claim 9, wherein said compensation circuitry operates asynchronously by compensating V(t) whenever magnitude of V(t) exceeds a threshold voltage.

14. The differential dynamic range enhancing circuitry of claim 9, wherein in a sequence of added said Δ

_COMP, among values of said Δ

_COMP in said sequence, at least some of said values have a characteristic selected from a constant magnitude and a varying magnitude.

15. The differential dynamic range enhancing circuitry of claim 9, wherein said differential pixel includes a differential photodetector, and further including means for resetting common mode of said differential photodetector so as to avoid common mode saturation of said differential photodetector.

16. The differential dynamic range enhancing circuitry of claim 9, further including means for preserving a differential mode component of said differential photodetector in a differential signal capacitor so as to reduce differential signal loss during common mode resetting of said differential photodetector.

17. A method to reduce effective noise in the pixel signal readout path of an array of differential pixels, the method including:

(a) providing active gain for said differential pixels;

(b) individually varying said active gain for at least one of said differential pixels to determine a maximum allowable gain for said differential pixel;

(c) recording maximum allowable active gain determined for said differential pixel at step (b) and also recording a signal value for said differential pixel at said maximum allowable active gain; and

(d) operating said differential pixel at said maximum allowable active gain recorded at step (c);

wherein effect of noise in components downstream of said pixel is reduced and signal/noise ratio is enhanced.

18. The method of claim 17, wherein:

step (b) includes attempting operation at all possible active gain values for each pair of said differential pixels; and

within a row of said array, step (c) includes row-wise recording maximum-non saturating active gain and row wise recoding of signal value for each said pair of said differential pixels in said row.

19. For use with a differential pixel responsive to optical energy, said differential pixel having a detection response with a common mode component and a differential component, signal/noise enhancement circuitry to reduce effective noise in the pixel signal readout path of an array of said differential pixels, the signal/noise enhancement circuitry including:

a gain programmable amplifier providing active gain for said differential pixel;

means coupled to each said gain programmable amplifier for individually varying active gain for said differential pixel to determine a maximum allowable active gain for said differential pixel;

for each said differential pixel, means for recording maximum allowable active gain for each of said differential pixels and for recording a signal value for each said differential pixel at said maximum allowable gain; and

operating said differential pixel at said maximum allowable active gain;

wherein effect of noise in components downstream of said differential pixels is reduced and signal/noise ratio is enhanced.

20. The signal/noise enhancement circuitry of claim 19, wherein:

said means for individually varying active gain attempts operation at all possible active gain values for each said pair of said differential pixels; and

said means for recording records, within a row of said array, a row-wise record of maximum-non saturating active gain and signal values for each said differential pixel in said row.