Grouping mesh clusters

• US 7,321,316 B2
• Filed: 05/04/2005
• Issued: 01/22/2008
• Est. Priority Date: 07/18/2003
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Power Measurement Ltd. (Schneider Electric SE)
• Original Assignee: Power Measurement Ltd. (Schneider Electric SE)
• Inventors: Taylor, Aaron J., Henneberry, Scott M., Lindsay, Hugh T., Hancock, Martin A., Wynans, Arthur B., Lightbody, Simon H., Haight, Eric K.
• Primary Examiner(s): Edwards, Jr.; Timothy
• Application Number:
  US11/122,411
• Publication Number:
  US 20060066455A1
• Time in Patent Office: 993 Days
• Field of Search: 340/870.02, 340/870.11, 370/335, 370/351, 700/286
• US Class Current: 340/870.02
• CPC Class Codes: G01D 4/004 Remote reading of utility meters to a fixed location
• CPC Class Codes: H04Q 2209/25 using a mesh network, e.g. a public urban network such as public lighting, bus stops or traffic lights
• CPC Class Codes: H04Q 9/00 Arrangements in telecontrol or telemetry systems for selectively calling a substation from a main station, in which substation desired apparatus is selected for applying a control signal thereto or for obtaining measured values therefrom
• CPC Class Codes: Y02B 70/34 Smart metering supporting the carbon neutral operation of end-user applications in buildings
• CPC Class Codes: Y02B 90/20 Smart grids as enabling technology in buildings sector smart grids supporting the management or operation of end-user stationary applications in general, or like technologies with no associated climate change mitigation effect Y04S20/00
• CPC Class Codes: Y04S 20/30 Smart metering, e.g. specially adapted for remote reading

Abstract

Systems and methods for grouping mesh networks. Mesh networks enable energy data to be transferred from an energy sensing device to a destination device using various networks and reduces the need to install metering stations. Embodiments of the invention join or group mesh networks that otherwise are not able to communicate. The connections between the grouped mesh networks can be passive using directional antennas or passive antennas or active using higher power RF devices, solar repeaters, mobile mesh devices, etc. The energy data is routed in a smart manner, by performing load balancing at gateways, by monitoring the signal to noise ratio of available communication paths, etc. Mesh clusters can also be created to define low power clusters, address blocking clusters, and frequency based clusters. Grouping clusters facilitates the efficient transfer of energy data from an energy sensing device to a energy management station.

Claims

1. A system of radio frequency (“

RF”

) devices that communicate energy data from an energy sensing device to an energy management station, the system comprising;

a first mesh cluster including a first RF device and an energy sensing device, wherein the energy sensing device collects energy data;

a second mesh cluster including a second RF device, wherein at least one of the first and second device is configured to shift between licensed and unlicensed frequency bands; and

a connection that groups the first mesh cluster with the second mesh cluster such that energy data collected by the energy device is transmitted from the first RF device to the second RF device over the connection using either the licensed or the unlicensed frequency bands.

2. A system as defined in claim 1, wherein the first RF device is at least one of a repeater, a radio, and a repeater/converter.

3. A system as defined in claim 1, wherein the second RF device is at least one of a repeater, a radio, and a repeater/converter.

4. A system as defined in claim 1, wherein at least one of the first device and the second device scans frequency bands to identify a band for use in transmitting data.

5. A system as defined in claim 1, wherein the energy data is routed within the first mesh network and the second mesh network based on at least one of:

loads of other devices including gateways in the first mesh network and the second mesh network;

signal to noise ratios of the communication paths to other devices in the first mesh network and the second mesh network;

distance between the other devices in the first mesh network and the second mesh network; and

distance between a particular device and the energy management station.

6. A system as defined in claim 1, wherein the connection comprises a passive connection.

7. A system as defined in claim 6, wherein the passive connection comprises at least one of a directional antenna.

8. A system as defined in claim 6, wherein the passive connection comprises a coaxial cable.

9. A system as defined in claim 1, wherein the connection comprises an active connection.

10. A system as defined in claim 9, wherein the active connection comprises at least one of:

a high power RF device;

a mobile mesh device; and

a gateway.

11. A system as defined in claim 10, wherein the connection further comprises an alternate communication link.

12. A system as defined in claim 11, wherein the alternate communication link is at least one of:

an optical communication link;

a local area network;

a POTS connection;

an 802.11 connection;

a power line carrier;

a serial connection; and

a long range RF connection.

13. A system of radio frequency (“

RF”

) devices that communicate energy data from an energy sensing device to an energy management station, the system comprising;

a first mesh network including one or more mesh clusters, wherein the one or more mesh clusters are formed from the first mesh network by reducing an RF power of RF devices in the one or more mesh clusters;

a second mesh network including an RF device; and

a connection between the RF device and at least one of the one or more mesh clusters of the first mesh network, wherein energy data collected in the first mesh network is delivered to the second mesh network over the connection.

14. A system as defined in claim 13, wherein each of the one or more mesh clusters masks certain addresses such that a particular address is only received by a particular mesh cluster.

15. A system as defined in claim 13, wherein each of the one or more mesh clusters operates at a different frequency.

16. A system as defined in claim 13, wherein the connection further comprises one or more alternate connections that include one or more of:

an optical communication link;

a local area network;

a POTS connection

an 802.11 connection;

an Ethernet connection;

a power line carrier connection;

a serial connection; and

a long range RF connection.

17. A system as defined in claim 13, wherein the one or more mesh clusters are connected by connections that include one or more of passive connections and active connections.

18. A system as defined in claim 17, wherein the passive connections include one or more of directional antennas and lossy coaxial cabling and wherein the active connections include one or more of high power RF devices, and solar powered repeaters.

19. A system as defined in claim 13, wherein a particular device in the one or more mesh clusters is configured to shift from a first frequency to a second frequency.

20. A system as defined in claim 19, wherein the particular device scans additional frequencies to identify a frequency that could be used for transmission of the energy data.

21. A method for grouping mesh clusters to communicate energy data from an energy sensing device to an energy management station, the method comprising:

identifying at least a first mesh cluster and a second mesh cluster, wherein the first mesh cluster includes an energy sensing device;

grouping the first mesh cluster with the second mesh cluster;

identifying frequency spectrums including licensed or unlicensed frequency spectrums to be used for communication over various communication paths between the first and second mesh cluster; and

transmitting energy data collected by the energy sensing device to the second mesh cluster using the identified frequency spectrums.

22. A method as defined in claim 21, wherein grouping the first mesh cluster with the second mesh cluster further comprises forming a passive connection between the first mesh cluster and the second mesh cluster.

23. A method as defined in claim 21, wherein forming a passive connection between the first mesh cluster and the second mesh cluster further comprises at least one of:

connecting the first mesh cluster with the second mesh cluster using a directional antenna;

connecting the first mesh cluster with the second mesh cluster using a passive antenna;

connecting the first mesh cluster with the second mesh cluster using lossy coaxial cabling.

24. A method as defined in claim 21, wherein grouping the first mesh cluster with the second mesh cluster further comprises forming an active connection between the first mesh cluster and the second mesh cluster.

25. A method as defined in claim 21, wherein grouping the first mesh cluster with the second mesh cluster further comprises receiving the energy data over the identified frequency spectrums.

26. A method as defined in claim 21, further comprising transmitting data from the second mesh cluster to the first mesh cluster to the energy sensing device.

27. A method as defined in claim 24, wherein forming an active connection between the first mesh cluster and the second mesh cluster further comprises at least one of:

providing a device in the first mesh cluster or in the second mesh cluster with higher RF power;

connecting the first mesh cluster with the second mesh cluster using solar powered repeaters;

transmitting the energy data to a mobile mesh device from the first mesh cluster, wherein the mobile mesh device transmits the energy data to the second mesh cluster when in range of the second mesh cluster; and

utilizing alternate communication links to transmit the energy data.

28. A method as defined in claim 27, wherein utilizing alternate communication links to transmit the energy data further comprises one or more of:

transmitting the energy data to the second mesh cluster using an optical communication link;

transmitting the energy data to the second mesh cluster using a local area network;

transmitting the energy data to the second mesh cluster using plain old telephone service;

transmitting the energy data to the second mesh cluster using 802.11;

transmitting the energy data to the second mesh cluster using a power line carrier;

transmitting the energy data to the second mesh cluster using a serial connection; and

transmitting the energy data to the second mesh cluster using long range radio frequency.

29. A method as defined in claim 21, wherein grouping the first mesh cluster with the second mesh cluster further comprises creating one or more clusters within at least one of the first mesh cluster and the second mesh cluster.

30. A method as defined in claim 29, wherein creating one or more clusters within at least one of the first mesh cluster and the second mesh cluster further comprises at least one of:

reducing RF power of devices within at least one of the first mesh cluster and the second mesh cluster;

blocking addresses at certain devices within at least one of the first mesh cluster and the second mesh cluster;

using different frequencies for different devices within at least one of the first mesh cluster and the second mesh cluster.

31. A method as defined in claim 21, wherein transmitting energy data collected by the energy sensing device to the second mesh cluster further comprises routing the energy data in a predefined manner.

32. A method as defined in claim 31, wherein routing the energy data in a predefined manner further comprises using one or more gateways.

33. A method as defined in claim 32, wherein routing the energy data in a predefined manner further comprises coordinating communications between the one or more gateways.

34. A method as defined in claim 32, further comprises identifying a path for the energy data based on a signal to noise ratio.

35. A method as defined in claim 32, further comprising performing load balancing on the one or more gateways.

36. A method for grouping a first mesh cluster with additional mesh clusters, the method comprising:

establishing a first connection between the first mesh cluster and a second mesh cluster using at least one grouping;

routing energy data from a first device in the first mesh cluster to a second device in the second mesh cluster over the first connection; and

routing the energy data from the first device to the second device over an alternate connection between the first mesh cluster and the second mesh cluster when the first connection is unavailable, wherein the alternate connection is identified by the at least one device in the first mesh cluster that provides a frequency shift and that that monitors for a frequency spectrum that can accommodate transmission of the energy data.

37. A method as defined in claim 36, wherein the alternate connection is at least one of:

an optical connection;

a local area network;

a licensed or unlicensed wireless network;

an alternate frequency;

a POTS connection

a power line carrier; and

a serial connection.

38. A method as defined in claim 36, wherein the frequency spectrum monitored by the at least one device includes one or more of 802.11 networks, 802.22 networks, ultra high frequency channels, licensed wireless networks, and unlicensed wireless networks.

39. A method as defined in claim 36, wherein establishing a first connection between the first mesh cluster and a second mesh cluster further comprises at least one of:

establishing a passive connection;

establishing an active connection; and

creating additional mesh clusters within at least one of the first mesh cluster and the second mesh cluster.

40. A method as defined in claim 39, wherein the passive connection is one of a directional antenna or a lossy antenna.

41. A method as defined in claim 40, wherein the lossy antenna is a coaxial cable.

42. A method as defined in claim 39, wherein the active connection is at least one of a device with higher RF power, a solar repeater, and a mesh mobile device.