Method and constructions for space-time codes for PSK constellations for spatial diversity in multiple-element antenna systems

• US 7,324,482 B2
• Filed: 01/13/2004
• Issued: 01/29/2008
• Est. Priority Date: 09/18/1998
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: DIRECTV, LLC (AT&T, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: The DIRECTV Group, Inc. (AT&T, Inc.)
• Inventors: Gamal, Hesham El, Hammons, A. Roger Jr.
• Primary Examiner(s): Orgad; Edan D.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Burrowes; Lawrence J
• Application Number:
  US10/755,981
• Publication Number:
  US 20040146014A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,477 Days
• Field of Search: 370/254, 370/255, 370/248, 370/315, 370/312, 370/339, 370/395.3, 370/425
• US Class Current: 370/334
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 1/0059 Convolutional codes
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 1/0065 Serial concatenated codes
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 1/0618 Space-time coding
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 27/18 Phase-modulated carrier systems, i.e. using phase-shift keying H04L27/32 takes precedence

Abstract

General binary design criteria for PSK-modulated space-time codes are provided. For linear binary PSK (BPSK) codes and quadrature PSK (QPSK) codes, the rank (i.e., binary projections) of the unmodulated code words, as binary matrices over the binary field, is used as a design criterion. Fundamental code constructions for both quasi-static and time-varying channels are provided.

Claims

1. A method comprising:

parsing code word symbols for allocation to a plurality of antenna elements,

wherein the code word symbols have length of a multiple N of the number of the antenna elements L,

wherein the parsed code word symbols are mapped onto constellation points from a discrete complex-valued signaling constellation for transmission via the antenna elements.

2. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:

segmenting transmit data blocks into fixed frame lengths for generating information symbols, corresponding to the code word symbols, from a discrete alphabet of symbols.

3. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:

transmitting a signal representing the code word symbols according to Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA).

4. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:

transmitting a signal representing the code word symbols according to Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA).

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the length N of the code word symbols is parsed among L of the antenna elements.

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the code word symbols are based on a class of space-time codes satisfying a binary rank criteria.

7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the code word symbols are based on a stacking space-time code construction.

8. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:

modulating the parsed code word symbols using binary phase shift keying (BPSK) modulation, wherein the code word symbols are convolutionally encoded for presentation across the antenna elements.

9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the code word symbols are based on a concatenated space-time code having an outer code that is used to satisfy a binary rank criteria.

10. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:

modulating the parsed code word symbols using quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) modulation, wherein the code word symbols are spacetime codes covered by a stacking, multi-stacking, or de-stacking construction for QPSK.

11. The method according to claim 10, wherein each of the space-time codes is based on formatting an output of a linear convolutional code over the ring of integers modulo 4 for presentation across the antenna elements.

12. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:

modulating the parsed code word symbols using quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) modulation, wherein the code word symbols are spacetime codes that employ a dyadic construction.

13. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:

modulating the parsed code word symbols using multi-level coded modulation, wherein multi-stage decoding is used and a binary space-time code employed in each level belongs to the class of codes that satisfy the binary rank criterion or any one of a stacking, multi-stacking, or de-stacking construction.

14. The method according to claim 1, wherein M-ary PSK modulation, M=8 or more, is used and a space-time code belongs to a class satisfying the binary rank criteria.

15. The method according to claim 1, wherein the code word symbols are based on graphical space-time codes that are designed such that the code generating matrix satisfies the stacking, multi-stacking, or de-stacking construction.

16. An apparatus comprising:

a spatial formatter configured to parse code word symbols for allocation to a plurality of antenna elements,

wherein the code word symbols have length of a multiple N of the number of the antenna elements L,

wherein the parsed code word symbols are mapped onto constellation points from a discrete complex-valued signaling constellation for transmission via the antenna elements.

17. The apparatus according to claim 16, further comprising:

a framer configured to segment transmit data blocks into fixed frame lengths for generating information symbols, corresponding to the code word symbols, from a discrete alphabet of symbols.

18. The apparatus according to claim 16, wherein the antenna elements transmit a signal representing the code word symbols according to Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA).

19. The apparatus according to claim 16, wherein the antenna elements transmit a signal representing the code word symbols according to Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA).

20. The apparatus according to claim 16, wherein the length N of the code word symbols is parsed among L of the antenna elements.

21. The apparatus according to claim 16, wherein the code word symbols are based on a class of space-time codes satisfying a binary rank criteria.

22. The apparatus according to claim 16, wherein the code word symbols are based on a stacking space-time code construction.

23. The apparatus according to claim 16, further comprising:

a modulator configured to modulate the parsed code word symbols using binary phase shift keying (BPSK) modulation, wherein the code word symbols are convolutionally encoded for presentation across the antenna elements.

24. The apparatus according to claim 16, wherein the code word symbols are based on a concatenated space-time code having an outer code that is used to satisfy a binary rank criteria.

25. The apparatus according to claim 16, further comprising:

a modulator configured to modulate the parsed code word symbols using quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) modulation, wherein the code word symbols are spacetime codes covered by a stacking, multi-stacking, or de-stacking construction for QPSK.

26. The apparatus according to claim 25, wherein each of the space-time codes is based on formatting an output of a linear convolutional code over the ring of integers modulo 4 for presentation across the antenna elements.

27. The apparatus according to claim 16, further comprising:

a modulator configured to modulate the parsed code word symbols using quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) modulation, wherein the code word symbols are spacetime codes that employ a dyadic construction.

28. The apparatus according to claim 16, further comprising:

a modulator configured to modulate the parsed code word symbols using multi-level coded modulation, wherein multi-stage decoding is used and a binary space-time code employed in each level belongs to the class of codes that satisfy the binary rank criterion or any one of a stacking, multi-stacking, or de-stacking construction.

29. The apparatus according to claim 16, wherein M-ary PSK modulation, M=8 or more, is used and a space-time code belongs to a class satisfying the binary rank criteria.

30. The apparatus according to claim 16, wherein the code word symbols are based on graphical space-time codes that are designed such that the code generating matrix satisfies the stacking, multi-stacking, or de-stacking construction.

31. A system comprising:

a plurality of antenna elements; and

circuitry configured to parse code word symbols for allocation to the antenna elements,

wherein the code word symbols have length of a multiple N of the number of the antenna elements L,

wherein the parsed code word symbols are mapped onto constellation points from a discrete complex-valued signaling constellation for transmission via the antenna elements.