Raman spectroscopic monitoring of hemodialysis
First Claim
1. A method for monitoring hemodialysis, the method comprising the steps of:
- adapting a Raman spectroscopy probe to a hemodialysis tube of a hemodialysis system;
irradiating a sample of blood in the tube that is undergoing hemodialysis by the system with light via the probe;
obtaining a Raman spectrum of chemical constituents from the sample via the probe; and
determining the concentration of urea in the sample based on a linear correlation between urea concentration and intensity of Raman scattered light at 1001 cm−
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Abstract
Spectroscopic systems and methods are disclosed for determining levels of at least one analyte in blood undergoing hemodialysis. In one aspect, the invention employs Raman spectroscopy to monitor and/or control hemodialysis. In one embodiment, the system uses a laser light directed to circulating blood from a patient undergoing dialysis to make Raman spectral measurements. For example, the laser light can be directed into a segment of the dialysis tubing. The system can utilize unique Raman spectroscopic signature of one or more analytes, e.g., urea, to identify and quantify such analytes against a whole blood background. Based on the spectral response, the concentration of the analytes can be monitored and/or used to control hemodialysis.
108 Citations
30 Claims
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1. A method for monitoring hemodialysis, the method comprising the steps of:
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adapting a Raman spectroscopy probe to a hemodialysis tube of a hemodialysis system; irradiating a sample of blood in the tube that is undergoing hemodialysis by the system with light via the probe; obtaining a Raman spectrum of chemical constituents from the sample via the probe; and determining the concentration of urea in the sample based on a linear correlation between urea concentration and intensity of Raman scattered light at 1001 cm−
1. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15)
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16. A method for monitoring a subject'"'"'s urea concenintion, the method comprising the steps of:
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irradiating a blood sample from a subject using a Raman spectroscopic probe comprising; an optical head assembly that defines a light input path and a light output path that are at least substantially orthogonal, and a light redirecting element that redirects light from the input path toward the sample and transmits light from the sample to the output path; collecting a Raman spectrum of light scattered by the sample; and analyzing the intensity of the Raman spectrum at 1001 cm−
1 to detect the concentration of urea in the sample using a linear correlation between intensity of the Raman spectrum at 1001 cm−
1 and the concentration of urea, the concentration of urea being indicative of the progress of dialysis or kidney function. - View Dependent Claims (17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22)
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23. A hemodialysis system comprising:
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at least one blood cleaning element for removing toxins from blood; hemodialysis tubing; a light source to irradiate a sample of blood in the hemodialysis tubing that is undergoing hemodialysis; a Raman spectrometer to detect Raman scattered light of at least one analyte in the sample including urea, the concentration of the analyte being indicative of the progress of hemodialysis; and a Raman spectroscopy probe mediating optical communication between the light source and the sample of blood in the hemodialysis tubing and between the Raman spectrometer and the sample of blood in the hemodialysis tubing, wherein the system is configured to determine urea concentration in the sample based on a linear correlation between urea concentration and intensity of Raman scattered light at 1001 cm−
1. - View Dependent Claims (24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30)
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Specification