Systems and methods for vector power amplification

• US 7,327,803 B2
• Filed: 10/21/2005
• Issued: 02/05/2008
• Est. Priority Date: 10/22/2004
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: ParkerVision, Inc.
• Original Assignee: ParkerVision, Inc.
• Inventors: Rawlins, Gregory S., Sorrells, David F., Rawlins, Michael W.
• Primary Examiner(s): Tran; Khai
• Application Number:
  US11/255,081
• Publication Number:
  US 20060104384A1
• Time in Patent Office: 837 Days
• Field of Search: 375/294, 375/295, 375/297, 375/317, 375/318, 375/346, 455/302, 455/304, 455/315, 455/295
• US Class Current: 375/294
• CPC Class Codes: H03C 5/00 Amplitude modulation and angle modulation produced simultaneously or at will by the same modulating signal H03C7/00 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 1/02 Modifications of amplifiers to raise the efficiency, e.g. gliding Class A stages, use of an auxiliary oscillation
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 1/0205 in transistor amplifiers
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 1/0233 by using a signal derived from the output signal, e.g. bootstrapping the voltage supply
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 1/0294 using vector summing of two or more constant amplitude phase-modulated signals
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 1/32 Modifications of amplifiers to reduce non-linear distortion by negative feedback H03F1/34
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 1/3205 in field-effect transistor amplifiers
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 1/3223 using feed-forward H03F1/3211 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 2200/336 A I/Q, i.e. phase quadrature, modulator or demodulator being used in an amplifying circuit
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 2200/387 A circuit being added at the output of an amplifier to adapt the output impedance of the amplifier
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 2200/451 the amplifier being a radio frequency amplifier
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 2201/3215 To increase the output power or efficiency
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 3/193 with field-effect devices H03F3/195 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 3/211 using a combination of several amplifiers H03F3/60 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 3/24 of transmitter output stages
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 3/245 with semiconductor devices only
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 3/45071 with semiconductor devices only
• CPC Class Codes: H03G 3/3042 in modulators, frequency-changers, transmitters or power amplifiers transmission power control in bidirectional transmission systems H04W52/04
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 1/04 Circuits
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 1/0475 with means for limiting noise, interference or distortion H04B1/0483 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 1/0483 : Transmitters with multiple parallel paths
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 2001/045 : with means for improving efficiency
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 2001/0491 : with frequency synthesizers, frequency converters or modulators
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 27/20 : Modulator circuits; Transmitter circuits
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 27/36 : Modulator circuits; Transmitter circuits
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 27/362 : Modulation using more than one carrier, e.g. with quadrature carriers, separately amplitude modulated H04L27/366 takes precedence

Abstract

Methods and systems for vector combining power amplification are disclosed herein. In one embodiment, a plurality of signals are individually amplified, then summed to form a desired time-varying complex envelope signal. Phase and/or frequency characteristics of one or more of the signals are controlled to provide the desired phase, frequency, and/or amplitude characteristics of the desired time-varying complex envelope signal. In another embodiment, a time-varying complex envelope signal is decomposed into a plurality of constant envelope constituent signals. The constituent signals are amplified equally or substantially equally, and then summed to construct an amplified version of the original time-varying envelope signal. Embodiments also perform frequency up-conversion.

Claims

1. A method of amplifying signals, comprising:

receiving at least one of output power information and output signal envelope information of a desired output signal of a multiple-input-single-output (MISO) power amplifier;

calculating at least one bias signal according to said at least one of output power information and output signal envelope information; and

biasing at an output stage of said MISO power amplifier using said at least one calculated bias signal to thereby control a current of said output stage.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein said receiving step comprises:

receiving a priori information pertaining to said desired output signal.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein said at least one of output power information and output signal envelope information comprises at least one of envelope information and phase information.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein said at least one of output power information and output signal envelope information comprises information included in I and Q components received by said MISO power amplifier.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein said at least one of output power information and output signal envelope information is calculated.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein said calculating step comprises:

calculating said at least one bias signal as a function of at least one measure of desired output power.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein said calculating step comprises:

calculating said at least one bias signal as a function of envelope magnitude of said desired output signal.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein said calculating step comprises:

calculating said at least one bias signal according to received I and Q data components of said desired output signal.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein said calculating step comprises:

calculating said at least one bias signal as a function of output power and signal envelope, wherein said at least one bias signal comprises a biasing control function 4110 illustrated in FIG. 41.

10. The method of claim 1, wherein said calculating step comprises:

calculating said at least one bias signal as a function of output power, wherein said at least one bias signal comprises a shaping function 4120 illustrated in FIG. 41.

11. The method of claim 1, wherein said biasing step comprises:

coupling said at least one calculated bias signal at said output stage of said MISO power amplifier.

12. The method of claim 10, wherein said coupling step comprises:

coupling said at least one calculated bias signal using pull-up impedances at an output stage input.

13. The method of claim 12, wherein said pull-up impedances comprises bias impedances.

14. The method of claim 11, wherein said coupling step comprises:

coupling said at least one calculated bias signal at a driver stage of said MISO power amplifier.

15. The method of claim 11, wherein said coupling step comprises:

coupling said at least one calculated bias signal at a pre-driver stage of said MISO power amplifier.

16. The method of claim 11, wherein said coupling step comprises:

coupling said at least one calculated bias signal at pre-driver and driver stages of said MISO power amplifier.

17. The method of claim 1, wherein said output stage comprises a pre-driver stage, a driver stage and a PA stage, wherein said calculating step comprises:

calculating a pre-driver stage signal, a driver stage signal and a PA stage signal according to said at least one of output power information and output signal envelope information.

18. The method of claim 17, wherein said biasing step comprises:

biasing said pre-driver stage using said pre-driver stage signal, said driver stage using said driver stage signal, and said PA stage using said PA stage signal, to thereby control output stage current and, consequently, increase power efficiency of said MISO power amplifier.

19. The method of claim 17, wherein said pre-driver stage signal, said driver stage signal and said PA stage signal are calculated independently of one another.

20. The method of claim 1, wherein said MISO power amplifier comprises a plurality of amplification stages, wherein said calculating step comprises:

calculating a plurality of bias signals according to said at least one of output power information and output signal envelope information.

21. The method of claim 20, wherein said biasing step comprises:

applying said plurality of bias signals respectively to said plurality of amplification stages, to thereby bias said amplification stages.

22. The method of claim 20, wherein said plurality of bias signals are calculated independently of one another.

23. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

controlling biasing of output stage transistors using said at least one calculated bias signal, such that said biasing is controlled according to output power of said desired output signal.

24. The method of claim 23, wherein said controlling biasing step comprises:

controlling biasing to cause said output stage transistors to operate in a cutoff state when said desired output power is minimal or near zero, thereby drawing little or no output stage current.

25. The method of claim 23, wherein said controlling biasing step comprises:

controlling biasing to cause said output stage transistors to operate in class C, D, E switching mode.

26. The method of claim 23, wherein said controlling biasing step comprises:

controlling biasing to cause said output stage transistors to operate in forward or reverse biased states according to desired output power and signal envelope.

27. The method of claim 1, wherein said MISO power amplifier comprises a plurality of amplification stages, wherein said calculating step comprises:

calculating a plurality of bias signals to bias said amplification stages to achieve a desired output power.

28. The method of claim 27, wherein said plurality of bias signals are calculated dependently or independently of one another.

29. The method of claim 1, wherein said calculating step comprises:

calculating said at least one bias signals a function of function 4110 illustrated in FIG. 41.

30. The method of claim 1, wherein said calculating step comprises:

calculating said at least one bias signals a function of a waveform envelope.

31. The method of claim 1, wherein said calculating step further comprises:

calculating said at least one bias signals a function 4110 of a waveform envelope illustrated in FIG. 41.

32. The method of claim 1, wherein said calculating step comprises:

calculating said at least one bias signals a function of a function that goes to a minimum when output power is minimal.

33. The method of claim 32, wherein said calculating step further comprises:

calculating said at least one bias signals a function of a function 4120 that goes to a minimum when output power is minimal, as illustrated in FIG. 41.

34. The method of claim 1, wherein said calculating step comprises:

calculating said at least one bias signals a function comprising a range within (a) a waveform envelope function and (b) a function that goes to a minimum when output power is minimal.

35. The method of claim 34, wherein said calculating step further comprises:

calculating said at least one bias signals a function comprising a range within (a) a waveform envelope function 4110 shown in FIG. 41 and (b) a function 4120 shown in FIG. 41 that goes to a minimum when output power is minimal.

36. The method of claim 35, wherein said calculating step further comprises:

calculating said at least one bias signals a function comprising a range within (a) a waveform envelope function 4110 shown in FIG. 41 and (b) a function 4120 shown in FIG. 41 that goes to a minimum when output power is minimal, thereby resulting in an I_out response within a range illustrated in FIG. 41.

37. The method of claim 1, wherein said calculating step comprises:

calculating said at least one bias signals a function comprising a range within (a) a function 4110 shown in FIG. 41 and (b) a function 4120 shown in FIG. 41, thereby resulting in an I_out response within a range illustrated in FIG. 41.

38. A multiple-input-single-output (MISO) power amplifier, comprising:

means for receiving at least one of output power information and output signal envelope information of a desired output signal of said MISO power amplifier;

means for calculating at least one bias signal according to said at least one of output power information and output signal envelope information; and

means for biasing at an output stage of said MISO power amplifier using said at least one calculated bias signal to thereby control a current of said output stage.

39. The MISO power amplifier of claim 38, wherein said receiving means comprises:

means for receiving a priori information pertaining to said desired output signal.

40. The MISO power amplifier of claim 38, wherein said at least one of output power information and output signal envelope information comprises at least one of envelope information and phase information.

41. The MISO power amplifier of claim 38, wherein said at least one of output power information and output signal envelope information comprises information included in I and Q components received by said MISO power amplifier.

42. The MISO power amplifier of claim 38, wherein said at least one of output power information and output signal envelope information is calculated.

43. The MISO power amplifier of claim 38, wherein said calculating means comprises:

means for calculating said at least one bias signal as a function of at least one measure of desired output power.

44. The MISO power amplifier of claim 38, wherein said calculating means comprises:

means for calculating said at least one bias signal as a function of envelope magnitude of said desired output signal.

45. The MISO power amplifier of claim 38, wherein said calculating means comprises:

means for calculating said at least one bias signal according to received I and Q data components of said desired output signal.

46. The MISO power amplifier of claim 38, wherein said calculating means comprises:

means for calculating said at least one bias signal as a function of output power and signal envelope, wherein said at least one bias signal comprises a biasing control function 4110 illustrated in FIG. 41.

47. The MISO power amplifier of claim 38, wherein said calculating means comprises:

means for calculating said at least one bias signal as a function of output power, wherein said at least one bias signal comprises a shaping function 4120 illustrated in FIG. 41.

48. The MISO power amplifier of claim 38, wherein said biasing means comprises:

means for coupling said at least one calculated bias signal at said output stage of said MISO power amplifier.

49. The MISO power amplifier of claim 48, wherein said coupling means comprises:

means for coupling said at least one calculated bias signal using pull-up impedances at an output stage input.

50. The MISO power amplifier of claim 38, wherein said pull-up impedances comprises bias impedances.

51. The MISO power amplifier of claim 48, wherein said coupling means comprises:

means for coupling said at least one calculated bias signal at a driver stage of said MISO power amplifier.

52. The MISO power amplifier of claim 48, wherein said coupling means comprises:

means for coupling said at least one calculated bias signal at a pre-driver stage of said MISO power amplifier.

53. The MISO power amplifier of claim 48, wherein said coupling means comprises:

means for coupling said at least one calculated bias signal at a pre-driver and driver stage of said MISO power amplifier.

54. The MISO power amplifier of claim 38, wherein said output stage comprises a pre-driver stage, a driver stage and a PA stage, wherein said calculating means comprises:

means for calculating a pre-driver stage signal, a driver stage signal and a PA stage signal according to said at least one of output power information and output signal envelope information.

55. The MISO power amplifier of claim 54, wherein said biasing means comprises:

means for biasing said pre-driver stage using said pre-driver stage signal, said driver stage using said driver stage signal, and said PA stage using said PA stage signal, to thereby control output stage current and, consequently, increase power efficiency of said MISO power amplifier.

56. The MISO power amplifier of claim 54, wherein said pre-driver stage signal, said driver stage signal and said PA stage signal are calculated independently of one another.

57. The MISO power amplifier of claim 38, wherein said MISO power amplifier comprises a plurality of amplification stages, wherein said calculating means comprises:

means for calculating a plurality of bias signals according to said at least one of output power information and output signal envelope information.

58. The MISO power amplifier of claim 57, wherein said biasing means comprises:

means for applying said plurality of bias signals respectively to said plurality of amplification stages, to thereby bias said amplification stages.

59. The MISO power amplifier of claim 57, wherein said plurality of bias signals are calculated independently of one another.

60. The MISO power amplifier of claim 38, further comprising:

means for controlling biasing of output stage transistors using said at least one calculated bias signal, such that said biasing is controlled according to output power of said desired output signal.

61. The MISO power amplifier of claim 60, wherein said controlling biasing means comprises:

means for controlling biasing to cause said output stage transistors to operate in a cutoff state when said desired output power is minimal or near zero, thereby drawing little or no output stage current.

62. The MISO power amplifier of claim 60, wherein said controlling biasing means comprises:

means for controlling biasing to cause said output stage transistors to operate in class C, D, E switching mode.

63. The MISO power amplifier of claim 60, wherein said controlling biasing means comprises:

means for controlling biasing to cause said output stage transistors to operate in forward or reverse biased states according to desired output power and signal envelope.

64. The power amplifier of claim 38, wherein said calculating means comprises:

means for calculating said at least one bias signals a function of function 4110 illustrated in FIG. 41.

65. The power amplifier of claim 38, wherein said calculating means comprises:

means for calculating said at least one bias signals a function of a waveform envelope.

66. The power amplifier of claim 65, wherein said calculating means further comprises:

means for calculating said at least one bias signals a function 4110 of a waveform envelope illustrated in FIG. 41.

67. The power amplifier of claim 38, wherein said calculating means comprises:

means for calculating said at least one bias signals a function of a function that goes to a minimum when output power is minimal.

68. The power amplifier of claim 67, wherein said calculating means further comprises:

means for calculating said at least one bias signals a function of a function 4120 that goes to a minimum when output power is minimal, as illustrated in FIG. 41.

69. The power amplifier of claim 38, wherein said calculating means comprises:

means for calculating said at least one bias signals a function comprising a range within (a) a waveform envelope function and (b) a function that goes to a minimum when output power is minimal.

70. The power amplifier of claim 69, wherein said calculating means further comprises:

means for calculating said at least one bias signals a function comprising a range within (a) a waveform envelope function 4110 shown in FIG. 41 and (b) a function 4120 shown in FIG. 41 that goes to a minimum when output power is minimal.

71. The power amplifier of claim 70, wherein said calculating means further comprises:

means for calculating said at least one bias signals a function comprising a range within (a) a waveform envelope function 4110 shown in FIG. 41 and (b) a function 4120 shown in FIG. 41 that goes to a minimum when output power is minimal, thereby resulting in an I_out response within a range illustrated in FIG. 41.

72. The power amplifier of claim 38, wherein said calculating means comprises:

means for calculating said at least one bias signals a function comprising a range within (a) a function 4110 shown in FIG. 41 and (b) a function 4120 shown in FIG. 41, thereby resulting in an I_out response within a range illustrated in FIG. 41.

73. A multiple-input-single-output (MISO) power amplifier, comprising:

a bias transfer function module;

at least one digital-to-analog converter (DAC), coupled to said bias transfer function module; and

at least one interpolation filter, coupled to said at least one DAC;

wherein said bias transfer function module comprises;

means for receiving at least one of output power information and output signal envelope information of a desired output signal of said MISO power amplifier;

means for calculating at least one bias signal according to said at least one of output power information and output signal envelope information; and

means for biasing at an output stage of said MISO power amplifier using said at least one calculated bias signal to thereby control a current of said output stage according to output power of said desired output signal.

74. The MISO power amplifier of claim 73, further comprising:

one or more circuit networks, coupled to said at least one interpolation filter, for generating a plurality of derived bias signals.

75. The MISO power amplifier of claim 74, wherein said biasing means comprises:

biasing amplification stages of said MISO power amplifier using said derived bias signals.

76. The MISO power amplifier of claim 75, wherein said amplification stages comprise at least one of a pre-driver stage, a driver stage and a PA stage.

77. The MISO power amplifier of claim 73, comprising a plurality of DACs coupled to said bias transfer function module, and a plurality of interpolation filters coupled to said DACs, wherein said bias transfer function module generates a plurality of first bias signals which are processed by said DACs and interpolation filters to generate second bias signals used to bias one or more amplification stages of said MISO power amplifier.

78. The MISO power amplifier of claim 73, wherein said receiving means comprises:

means for receiving a priori information pertaining to said desired output signal.

79. The MISO power amplifier of claim 73, wherein said at least one of output power information and output signal envelope information comprises at least one of envelope information and phase information.

80. The MISO power amplifier of claim 73, wherein said at least one of output power information and output signal envelope information comprises information included in I and Q components received by said MISO power amplifier.

81. The MISO power amplifier of claim 73, wherein said at least one of output power information and output signal envelope information is calculated.

82. The MISO power amplifier of claim 73, wherein said calculating means comprises:

means for calculating said at least one signal as a function of at least one measure of desired output power.

83. The MISO power amplifier of claim 73, wherein said calculating means comprises:

means for calculating said at least one bias signal as a function of envelope magnitude of said desired output signal.

84. The MISO power amplifier of claim 73, wherein said calculating means comprises:

means for calculating said at least one bias signal according to received I and Q data components of said desired output signal.

85. The MISO power amplifier of claim 73, wherein said calculating means comprises:

means for calculating said at least one bias signal as a function of output power and signal envelope, wherein said at least one bias signal comprises a biasing control function 4110 illustrated in FIG. 41.

86. The MISO power amplifier of claim 73, wherein said calculating means comprises:

means for calculating said at least one bias signal as a function of output power, wherein said at least one bias signal comprises a shaping function 4120 illustrated in FIG. 41.

87. The MISO power amplifier of claim 73, wherein said biasing means comprises:

means for coupling said at least one calculated bias signal at said output stage of said MISO power amplifier.

88. The MISO power amplifier of claim 87, wherein said coupling means comprises:

means for coupling said at least one calculated bias signal using pull-up impedances at an output stage input.

89. The MISO power amplifier of claim 88, wherein said pull-up impedances comprises bias impedances.

90. The MISO power amplifier of claim 87, wherein said coupling means comprises:

means for coupling said at least one calculated bias signal at a driver stage of said MISO power amplifier.

91. The MISO power amplifier of claim 87, wherein said coupling means comprises:

means for coupling said at least one calculated bias signal at a pre-driver stage of said MISO power amplifier.

92. The MISO power amplifier of claim 87, wherein said coupling means comprises:

means for coupling said at least one calculated bias signal at pre-driver and driver stages of said MISO power amplifier.

93. The MISO power amplifier of claim 73, wherein said output stage comprises a pre-driver stage, a driver stage and a PA stage, wherein said calculating means comprises:

means for calculating a pre-driver stage signal, a driver stage signal and a PA stage signal according to said at least one of output power information and output signal envelope information.

94. The MISO power amplifier of claim 93, wherein said biasing means comprises:

means for biasing said pre-driver stage using said pre-driver stage signal, said driver stage using said driver stage signal, and said PA stage using said PA stage signal, to thereby control output stage current and, consequently, increase power efficiency of said MISO power amplifier.

95. The MISO power amplifier of claim 93, wherein said pre-driver stage signal, said driver stage signal and said PA stage signal are calculated independently of one another.

96. The MISO power amplifier of claim 73, wherein said MISO power amplifier comprises a plurality of amplification stages, wherein said calculating means comprises:

means for calculating a plurality of bias signals according to said at least one of output power information and output signal envelope information.

97. The MISO power amplifier of claim 96, wherein said biasing means comprises:

means for applying said plurality of bias signals respectively to said plurality of amplification stages, to thereby bias said amplification stages.

98. The MISO power amplifier of claim 96, wherein said plurality of bias signals are calculated independently of one another.

99. The MISO power amplifier of claim 73, further comprising:

means for controlling biasing of output stage transistors using said at least one calculated bias signal, such that said biasing is controlled according to output power of said desired output signal.

100. The MISO power amplifier of claim 99, wherein said controlling biasing means comprises:

means for controlling biasing to cause said output stage transistors to operate in a cutoff state when said desired output power is minimal or near zero, thereby drawing little or no output stage current.

101. The MISO power amplifier of claim 99, wherein said controlling biasing means comprises:

means for controlling biasing to cause said output stage transistors to operate in class C, D, E switching mode.

102. The MISO power amplifier of claim 99, wherein said controlling biasing means comprises:

means for controlling biasing to cause said output stage transistors to operate in forward or reverse biased states according to desired output power and signal envelope.

103. The MISO power amplifier of claim 102, said MISO power amplifier comprising a plurality of amplification stages, wherein said calculating means comprises:

means for calculating a plurality of bias signals to bias said amplification stages to achieve a desired output power.

104. The MISO power amplifier of claim 103, wherein said plurality of bias signals are calculated dependently or independently of one another.

105. The power amplifier of claim 73, wherein said calculating means comprises:

means for calculating said at least one bias signals a function of function 4110 illustrated in FIG. 41.

106. The power amplifier of claim 73, wherein said calculating means comprises:

means for calculating said at least one bias signals a function of a waveform envelope.

107. The power amplifier of claim 106, wherein said calculating means further comprises:

means for calculating said at least one bias signals a function 4110 of a waveform envelope illustrated in FIG. 41.

108. The power amplifier of claim 73, wherein said calculating means comprises:

means for calculating said at least one bias signals a function of a function that goes to a minimum when output power is minimal.

109. The power amplifier of claim 108, wherein said calculating means further comprises:

means for calculating said at least one bias signals a function of a function 4120 that goes to a minimum when output power is minimal, as illustrated in FIG. 41.

110. The power amplifier of claim 73, wherein said calculating means comprises:

means for calculating said at least one bias signals a function comprising a range within (a) a waveform envelope function and (b) a function that goes to a minimum when output power is minimal.

111. The power amplifier of claim 110, wherein said calculating means further comprises:

means for calculating said at least one bias signals a function comprising a range within (a) a waveform envelope function 4110 shown in FIG. 41 and (b) a function 4120 shown in FIG. 41 that goes to a minimum when output power is minimal.

112. The power amplifier of claim 111, wherein said calculating means further comprises:

means for calculating said at least one bias signals a function comprising a range within (a) a waveform envelope function 4110 shown in FIG. 41 and (b) a function 4120 shown in FIG. 41 that goes to a minimum when output power is minimal, thereby resulting in an I_out response within a range illustrated in FIG. 41.

113. The power amplifier of claim 73, wherein said calculating means comprises:

means for calculating said at least one bias signals a function comprising a range within (a) a function 4110 shown in FIG. 41 and (b) a function 4120 shown in FIG. 41, thereby resulting in an I_out response within a range illustrated in FIG. 41.