Landmark, apparatus, and method for effectively determining position of autonomous vehicles

• US 7,333,631 B2
• Filed: 05/05/2003
• Issued: 02/19/2008
• Est. Priority Date: 10/01/2002
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd.
• Original Assignee: Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd.
• Inventors: Son, Young, Kwak, Joo-young, Park, Ki-cheol, Roh, Kyoung-sig
• Primary Examiner(s): LE, BRIAN Q
• Application Number:
  US10/428,791
• Publication Number:
  US 20040062419A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,751 Days
• Field of Search: 382103-104, 382106-108, 382/113, 382/114, 404/12, 404/13, 404/14
• US Class Current: 382/104
• CPC Class Codes: G06V 10/42 Global feature extraction by analysis of the whole pattern, e.g. using frequency domain transformations or autocorrelation
• CPC Class Codes: G06V 10/46 Descriptors for shape, contour or point-related descriptors, e.g. scale invariant feature transform [SIFT] or bags of words [BoW]; Salient regional features colour feature extraction G06V10/56
• CPC Class Codes: G06V 20/10 Terrestrial scenes scenes under surveillance with static cameras G06V20/52; scenes perceived from the exterior of a vehicle G06V20/56; scenes perceived from the interior of a vehicle G06V20/59
• CPC Class Codes: G06V 2201/11 Technique with transformation invariance effect

Abstract

A landmark used to effectively determine the location of an autonomous vehicle, and a self-localization apparatus and method using the landmark are provided. In the self-localization method, first, first and second outer line information and shape information are extracted from a landmark image received from a camera. Next, a projective invariant is calculated from the shape information and stored in a hash table. Thereafter, the calculated projective invariant is compared with reference projective invariants for a plurality of landmarks stored in a predetermined data storage area in the form of a hash table, thereby determining which landmark corresponds to the landmark image. Then, information on the distance and orientation of the determined landmark with respect to the autonomous vehicle is analyzed in response to the first and second outer line information.

Claims

1. A landmark disposed at a predetermined location within a work environment of an autonomous vehicle, the landmark comprising:

a first outer line area having a rectangular shape, wherein the first outer line area in an image of the landmark acquired by a camera of the autonomous vehicle is used to ascertain X and Y axes of an image plane of the acquired image upon self-localization of the autonomous vehicle;

a second outer line area located within the first outer line area of the landmark and having a circular shape with a predetermined radius, wherein the second outer line area in the acquired image of the landmark is analyzed to ascertain a deviation degree between the camera and the landmark upon acquisition of the image plane; and

a shape area located within the second outer line area of the landmark comprising a predetermined unique shape that distinguishes the landmark from other landmarks disposed within the work environment, wherein the predetermined shape in the shape area in the acquired image of the landmark is analyzed to recognize which of the landmarks disposed within the work environment corresponds to the acquired landmark image.

2. The landmark of claim 1, wherein the first outer line area has a shape of a rectangle, wherein the X and Y axes of the image plane cross each other at a right angle.

3. The landmark of claim 1, wherein the second outer line area has a shape of a perfect circle with the predetermined radius, wherein deformation of the second outer line area in the acquired image of the landmark is analyzed.

4. The landmark of claim 1, further comprising a color area located between the first and second outer line areas of the landmark and filled with a predetermined color, wherein the predetermined color in the color area in the acquired image of the landmark is analyzed to distinguish the landmarks disposed within the work environment.