Compensation of a DC offset in a receiver

• US 7,336,937 B2
• Filed: 05/05/2004
• Issued: 02/26/2008
• Est. Priority Date: 05/05/2004
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: RPX Corporation
• Original Assignee: Nokia Corporation
• Inventors: Ruha, Antti, Tervaluoto, Jussi, Jantti, Joni
• Primary Examiner(s): LE, LANA N
• Application Number:
  US10/839,725
• Publication Number:
  US 20050250459A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,392 Days
• Field of Search: 4552321-2532, 455/324, 455/303, 455/296, 455/334, 455/226.1, 455/226.2, 455/226.3, 455/226.4, 375/341, 375/345
• US Class Current: 455/232.1
• CPC Class Codes: H03D 3/008 Compensating DC offsets
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 1/30 for homodyne or synchrodyne receivers demodulator circuits H03D1/22
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 25/063 Setting decision thresholds using feedback techniques only

Abstract

A method of compensating a direct-current offset coupled into a receiving path of a receiver, the receiving path having at least one gain factor adjustable by a gain control, which method first determines an amount of a direct-current offset present at a selected end point in the receiving path. A compensation quantity is set accordingly. In case of a forthcoming adjustment of the at least one gain factor by the gain control, the compensation quantity is then scaled with a scaling factor to prevent a direct-current step at the selected end point due to this forthcoming adjustment. The final compensation quantity is fed at a selected summing node into the receiving path. The invention is also directed to a corresponding receiver, an electronic device comprising such a receiver, a hardware component for such a receiver and to a corresponding software program product.

Claims

1. A method comprising:

determining an amount of a direct-current offset present at a selected end point in a receiving path of a receiver, in which receiving path at least one gain factor is adjustable by a gain control, and setting a compensation quantity accordingly;

exclusively in the case of a forthcoming adjustment of said at least one gain factor by said gain control, scaling said compensation quantity with a scaling factor to prevent a direct-current step at said selected end point due to said forthcoming adjustment of said at least one gain factor; and

feeding said compensation quantity at a selected summing node into said receiving path to compensate for a direct-current offset coupled into said receiving path,

wherein said direct-current offset comprises at least a first contribution and a second contribution, said first contribution being multiplied on said receiving path at least by a first adjustable gain factor and said second contribution being multiplied on said receiving path by a second adjustable gain factor,

wherein said first contribution and said second contribution are estimated, and

wherein said scaling factor is determined based on said estimated first contribution, said estimated second contribution and said forthcoming adjustment of said at least one gain factor.

2. The method according to claim 1, further comprising determining said scaling factor by:

estimating a current amount of contributions to said direct-current offset;

determining a relative change in said direct-current offset which would have resulted with said estimated amount of direct-current contributions after a preceding gain adjustment; and

selecting said relative change as scaling factor.

3. The method according to claim 1, further comprising a preceding step of normalizing a signal provided at said selected end point of said receiving path by dividing said signal by a total gain applied by said receiving path between said summing node and said end point of said receiving path, wherein said normalized signal is used for determining said amount of a direct-current offset.

4. The method according to claim 3, wherein said first contribution enters said receiving path between said summing node and said end point, wherein said first contribution is multiplied on said receiving path by a first gain factor A3, wherein said second contribution enters said receiving path at said summing node, wherein said second contribution is multiplied on said receiving path by said first gain factor and in addition by a second gain factor A2, and wherein said direct-current offset comprises a third contribution entering said receiving path before said summing node, which third contribution is multiplied on said receiving path by said first gain factor, by said second gain factor and in addition by a third gain factor A1;

wherein Uoq_A1_last is said compensation quantity before a gain adjustment of gain factor A1 from A1_last to A1_new and wherein Uoq_A1_prev is said compensation quantity before a preceding gain adjustment of gain factor A1 from A1_prev to A1_last;

wherein Uoq_A2_last is said compensation quantity before a gain adjustment of gain factor A2 to from A2_last to A2_new and wherein Uoq_A2_prev is said compensation quantity before a preceding gain adjustment of gain factor A2 from A2_prev to A2_last;

wherein said first contribution is estimated to be Ü

o3=(Uoq_A2_prev-Uoq_A2_last)/(1/A2_prev-1/A2_last);

wherein said third contribution is estimated to be Ü

o1=(Uoq_A1_prev-Uoq_A1_last)/(A1_prev-A1_last);

wherein said second contribution is estimated to be Ü

o2=Uoq_last-A1_new*Ü

o1−

1/A2_new*Ü

o3; and

wherein said scaling factor is determined to be S=(A1_new*Ü

o1+Ü

o2+1/A2_new*Ü

o3)/(A1_last*Ü

o1+Ü

o2+1/A2_last*Ü

o3).

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein determining said amount of a direct-current offset at said end point of said receiving path comprises at least one of integrating a signal available at said end point of said receiving path, windowing a signal available at said end point of said receiving path, detecting positive and negative peaks in a signal available at said end point of said receiving path, and envelope forming of a signal available at said end point of said receiving path.

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein said compensation quantity is determined and scaled in the digital domain, a respective final compensation quantity being converted into the analog domain before it is fed to said summing node.

7. The method according to claim 1, wherein said receiver is a direct conversion radio frequency receiver.

8. An apparatus comprising:

a direct-current estimation portion adapted to estimate an amount of a direct-current offset present at a selected end point in a receiving path, in which receiving path at least one gain factor is adjustable by a gain control, adapted to set a compensation quantity accordingly, adapted to scale said compensation quantity with a provided scaling factor, if any, and adapted to feed said compensation quantity into said receiving path at a selected summing node to compensate for a direct-current offset coupled into said receiving path; and

a direct-current compensation control portion adapted to determine exclusively in the case of a forthcoming adjustment of said at least one gain factor a scaling factor preventing a direct-current step at said selected end point due to said forthcoming adjustment of said at least one gain factor, and adapted to provide said scaling factor to said direct-current estimation portion,

wherein said direct-current offset comprises at least a first contribution and a second contribution, said first contribution being multiplied on said receiving path at least by a first adiustable gain factor and said second contribution being multiplied on said receiving path by a second adiustable gain factor,

wherein said first contribution and said second contribution are estimated, and

wherein said scaling factor is determined based on said estimated first contribution, said estimated second contribution and said forthcoming adiustment of said at least one gain factor.

9. The apparatus according to claim 8, wherein said direct-current compensation control portion is adapted to determine said scaling factor by:

estimating a current amount of contributions to said direct-current offset;

determining a relative change in said direct-current offset which would have resulted with said estimated amount of direct-current contributions after a preceding gain adjustment; and

selecting said relative change as said scaling factor.

10. The apparatus according to claim 8, further comprising a normalization portion adapted to normalize a signal provided at said selected end point of said receiving path by dividing said signal by a total gain applied by said receiving path between said summing node and said end point of said receiving path, which normalization portion is arranged for providing said normalized signal to said direct-current estimation portion as basis for determining said amount of a direct-current offset.

11. The apparatus according to claim 8, wherein said direct-current estimation portion comprises an integrator for determining said amount of a direct-current offset at said end point of said receiving path by integrating a signal output at said end point.

12. The apparatus according to claim 8, wherein said receiving path comprises an analog-to-digital converter, wherein said selected end point corresponds to the output of said analog-to-digital converter, and wherein said direct-current estimation portion and said direct-current compensation control portion are adapted to operate in the digital domain, said apparatus further comprising a digital-to-analog converter arranged for converting a final digital compensation quantity provided by said direct current estimation portion into the analog domain before feeding it to said summing node.

13. The apparatus according to claim 8, wherein said apparatus is a direct conversion receiver.

14. The apparatus according to claim 8, further comprising said receiving path.

15. The apparatus according to claim 8, wherein said apparatus is a receiver.

16. An electronic device including a receiver, which receiver comprises:

a receiving path, in which receiving path at least one gain factor is adjustable by a gain control, wherein a direct-current offset coupled into said receiving path is to be compensated;

a direct-current estimation portion adapted to determine an amount of said direct-current offset present at a selected end point in said receiving path, adapted to set a compensation quantity accordingly, adapted to scale said compensation with a provided scaling factor, if any, and adapted to feed said compensation quantity at a selected summing node into said receiving path; and

a direct current compensation control portion adapted to determine exclusively in the case of a forthcoming adjustment of said at least one gain factor a scaling factor preventing a direct-current step at said selected end point due to said forthcoming adjustment of said at least one gain factor, and adapted to provide said scaling factor to said direct-current estimation portions,

wherein said direct-current offset comprises at least a first contribution and a second contribution, said first contribution being multiplied on said receiving path at least by a first adiustable gain factor and said second contribution being multiplied on said receiving path by a second adiustable gain factor,

wherein said first contribution and said second contribution are estimated, and

wherein said scaling factor is determined based on said estimated first contribution, said estimated second contribution and said forthcoming adiustment of said at least one gain factor.

17. The electronic device according to claim 16, wherein said direct-current compensation control portion is adapted to determine said scaling factor by:

estimating a current amount of contributions to said direct-current offset;

determining a relative change in said direct-current offset which would have resulted with said estimated amount of direct-current contributions after a preceding gain adjustment; and

selecting said relative change as said scaling factor.

18. The electronic device according to claim 16, wherein said receiver further comprises a normalization portion adapted to normalize a signal provided at said selected end point of said receiving path by dividing said signal by a total gain applied by said receiving path between said summing node and said end point of said receiving path, which normalization portion is arranged for providing said normalized signal to said direct-current estimation portion as basis for determining said amount of a direct-current offset.

19. The electronic device according to claim 16, wherein said direct-current estimation portion comprises an integrator for determining said amount of a direct-current offset at said end point of said receiving path by integrating a signal output at said end point.

20. The electronic device according to claim 16, wherein said receiving path comprises an analog-to-digital converter, wherein said selected end point corresponds to the output of said analog-to-digital converter, and wherein said direct-current estimation portion and said direct-current compensation control portion are adapted to operate in the digital domain, said receiver further comprising a digital-to-analog converter arranged for converting a final digital compensation quantity provided by said direct-current estimation portion into the analog domain before feeding it to said summing node.

21. The electronic device according to claim 16, wherein said receiver is a direct conversion receiver.

22. A hardware component for a receiver comprising a receiving path, in which receiving path at least one gain factor is adjustable by a gain control, wherein a direct-current offset coupled into said receiving path is to be compensated, said hardware component comprising:

a direct-current estimation portion adapted to estimate an amount of said direct-current offset present at a selected end point in said receiving path, adapted to set a compensation quantity accordingly, adapted to scale said compensation quantity with a provided scaling factor, if any, and adapted to feed said compensation quantity into said receiving path at a selected summing node; and

a direct-current compensation control portion adapted to determine exclusively in the case of a forthcoming adjustment of said at least one gain factor a scaling factor preventing a direct-current step at said selected end point due to said forthcoming adjustment of said at least one gain factor, and adapted to provide said scaling factor to said direct-current estimation portion,

wherein said direct-current offset comprises at least a first contribution and a second contribution, said first contribution being multiplied on said receiving path at least by a first adjustable gain factor and said second contribution being multiplied on said receiving oath by a second adjustable gain factor,

wherein said first contribution and said second contribution are estimated. and

wherein said scaling factor is determined based on said estimated first contribution, said estimated second contribution and said forthcoming adjustment of said at least one gain factor.

23. A software program product comprising a computer readable medium in which a software code is stored, said software code realizing the following when being executed:

determining an amount of a direct-current offset present at a selected end point in a receiving path, in which receiving path at least one gain factor is adjustable by a gain control, and setting a compensation quantity accordingly;

exclusively in the case of a forthcoming adjustment of said at least one gain factor by said gain control, scaling said compensation quantity with a scaling factor to prevent a direct-current step at said selected end point due to said forthcoming adjustment of said at least one gain factor; and

providing said compensation quantity for feeding into said receiving path at a selected summing node to compensate for a direct-current offset coupled into said receiving paths,

wherein said direct-current offset comprises at least a first contribution and a second contribution, said first contribution being multiplied on said receiving path at least by a first adjustable gain factor and said second contribution being multiplied on said receiving path by a second adjustable gain factor,

wherein said first contribution and said second contribution are estimated, and

wherein said scaling factor is determined based on said estimated first contribution, said estimated second contribution and said forthcoming adjustment of said at least one gain factor.

24. An apparatus comprising:

means for determining an amount of a direct-current offset present at a selected end point in a receiving path of a receiver, in which receiving path at least one gain factor is adjustable by a gain control, and setting a compensation quantity accordingly;

means for scaling said compensation quantity with a scaling factor exclusively in the case of a forthcoming adjustment of said at least one gain factor by said gain control to prevent a direct-current step at said selected end point due to said forthcoming adjustment of said at least one gain factor; and

means for feeding said compensation quantity at a selected summing node into said receiving path to compensate for a direct-current offset coupled into said receiving path,

wherein said direct-current offset comprises at least a first contribution and a second contribution, said first contribution being multiplied on said receiving path at least by a first adjustable gain factor and said second contribution being multiplied on said receiving path by a second adjustable pain factor,

wherein said first contribution and said second contribution are estimated, and

wherein said scaling factor is determined based on said estimated first contribution, said estimated second contribution and said forthcoming adjustment of said at least one gain factor.

25. The apparatus according to claim 24, further comprising means for normalizing a signal provided at said selected end point of said receiving path by dividing said signal by a total gain applied by said receiving path between said summing node and said end point of said receiving path, and for providing said normalized signal to said means for determining an amount of a direct-current offset as basis for determining said amount of a direct-current offset.