Robust, efficient, localization system

• US 7,340,259 B2
• Filed: 01/17/2003
• Issued: 03/04/2008
• Est. Priority Date: 05/13/1996
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Skyhook Holding, Inc. (Liberty Broadband Corp.)
• Original Assignee: KSI Inc. (Liberty Broadband Corp.)
• Inventors: Stevenson, James O., Maloney, John E.
• Primary Examiner(s): Tran; Pablo N.
• Application Number:
  US10/347,471
• Publication Number:
  US 20030129996A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,873 Days
• Field of Search: 455/456.1, 455/456.2, 455/456.3, 455/405, 455/404, 455/440, 455/445, 455/446, 455/456.5, 455/456.6, 455/404.2, 455/433, 455/457, 455/515, 455/511, 455/434, 342/450, 342/461, 342/417, 342496-497, 342387-388, 342/378
• US Class Current: 455/456.1
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 5/12 by co-ordinating position lines of different shape, e.g. hyperbolic, circular, elliptical or radial

Abstract

Replica correlation processing, and associated representative signal-data reduction and reconstruction techniques, are used to detect signals of interest and obtain robust measures of received-signal parameters, such as time differences of signal arrival and directional angles of arrival, that can be used to estimate the location of a cellularized-communications signal source. The new use in the present invention of signal-correlation processing for locating communications transmitters. This enables accurate and efficient extraction of parameters for a particular signal even in a frequency band that contains multiple received transmissions, such as occurs with code-division-multiple-access (CDMA) communications. Correlation processing as disclosed herein further enables extended processing integration times to facilitate the effective detection of desired communications-signal effects and replication measurement of their location-related parameters, even for the communications signals modulated to convey voice conversations or those weakened through propagation effects. Using prior, constructed, signal replicas in the correlation processing enables elimination of the inter-site communications of the signal representations that support the correlation analyses. Reduced-data representations of the modulated signals for voiced conversation, or for the variable components of data communications, are used to significantly reduce the inter-site communications that support the correlation analyses.

Claims

1. A system for locating a wireless communications radio transmitter configured to emit radio frequency (RF) transmissions of digital signals on voice/traffic and control channels in accordance with a prescribed air-interface specification, comprising:

first and second sensor stations, each of said sensor stations having an antenna and receiver configured to receive RF voice/traffic and control channel transmissions from the wireless communications radio transmitter, and an analog-to-digital converter mechanism configured to create digitized time tagged sampled signals representing a received RF transmission of interest;

a signal replica unit at each of said first and second sensor stations for providing a signal replica comprising a series of data values matching a portion of the received transmission, wherein said signal replica is provided using locally pre-stored information content known to be contained in the received RF transmission, said information content being stored in a local replica storage unit associated with each signal replica unit, the information stored in each local replica storage unit including a sequence of bits known a priori to be contained in the RF voice/traffic channel transmissions from the wireless communications radio transmitter, and bit strings known a priori to be contained in the RF control channel transmissions from the wireless communications radio transmitter;

a modulator associated with each signal replica unit at each of said first and second sensor stations, each said modulator configured to receive from the associated replica storage unit and to modulate pre-stored sample replica data in accordance with the prescribed air-interface specification to produce a locally-derived matched replica signal; and

a correlation processor at each of said sensor stations, said correlation processor configured to correlate the digitized sampled signals representing the received RF transmission with said locally-derived matched replica signal to determine a time of arrival measurement for the received RF transmission.

2. The system of claim 1, wherein said RF transmissions comprise voice content and overhead bit sequences transmitted by said wireless communications radio transmitter.

3. The system of claim 2, wherein said overhead bit sequences are stored at each of said first and second sensor stations and are used by said signal replica units in generating said signal replica.

4. The system of claim 2, wherein said voice content is communicated in at least one of CDMA, TDMA, GSM and CDPD systems.

5. The system of claim 2, further comprising a central site, wherein the time of arrival measurements from each of said sensor stations are communicated to the central site along with information indicative of an uncertainty in the time of arrival measurement, the identity of the sensor station at which the time of arrival measurement was obtained, and the time at which the time of arrival measurement was made.

6. A system as recited in claim 1, wherein the system employs overhead bit sequences for correlation with a voice/traffic-channel sampled signal.

7. A sensor station for use in a system for locating a wireless communications radio transmitter in a personal communications services system, comprising:

a receiver configured to receive RF voice/traffic and control channel transmissions from the wireless communications radio transmitter;

an analog-to-digital converter mechanism configured to create digitized time tagged sampled signals representing a received RF transmission of interest;

a signal replica unit configured for providing a signal replica comprising a series of data values matching a portion of the received transmission, wherein said signal replica is provided using locally pre-stored information content known to be contained in the received RF transmission, said information content being stored in a local replica storage unit associated with the signal replica unit, the information stored in the local replica storage unit including a sequence of bits known a priori to be contained in the RF voice/waffle channel transmissions from the wireless communications radio transmitter, and bit strings known a priori to be contained in the RF control channel transmissions from the wireless communications radio transmitter;

a modulator associated with the signal replica unit, said modulator configured to receive from the replica storage unit and to modulate pre-stored sample replica data in accordance wit the prescribed air-interface specification to produce a locally-derived matched replica signal; and

a correlation processor configured to correlate the digitized time tagged sampled signals representing the received RF transmission with said locally-derived matched replica signal to determine a time of arrival measurement for the received RF transmission.

8. The sensor station of claim 7, wherein said RF transmissions comprise voice/traffic-related content transmitted by said wireless communications radio transmitter.

9. The sensor station of claim 8, wherein said voice/traffic-related content is digital information contained in said RF transmissions.

10. A sensor station as recited in claim 8, wherein the sensor station employs as said signal replica overhead bit sequences for correlation with a voice/traffic-channel sampled signal.

11. The sensor station of claim 7, wherein said information content stored in the replica storage unit is provided to said sensor site by a central site in advance of correlating the received RF transmissions with said matched replica.

12. The sensor station of claim 7, wherein said time of arrival measurements are forwarded to a central site along with information indicative of an uncertainty in the time of arrival measurement and the time at which the time of arrival measurement was made.