Three-dimensional electronic map data creation method

• US 7,343,268 B2
• Filed: 06/19/2002
• Issued: 03/11/2008
• Est. Priority Date: 06/20/2001
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Zenrin Company Limited (Zenrin)
• Original Assignee: Zenrin Company Limited (Zenrin)
• Inventors: Kishikawa, Kiyonari
• Primary Examiner(s): Rodriguez; Paul
• Assistant Examiner(s): Janakiraman; Nithya
• Application Number:
  US10/481,393
• Publication Number:
  US 20050177350A1
• Time in Patent Office: 2,092 Days
• Field of Search: 703/1, 382/100, 382/276, 382/154, 345/418, 345/419, 345/420, 321/106, 321/419
• US Class Current: 703/1
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 30/00 Computer-aided design [CAD]
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 30/13 Architectural design, e.g. computer-aided architectural design [CAAD] related to design of buildings, bridges, landscapes, production plants or roads
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 15/04 Texture mapping
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 17/00 Three dimensional [3D] modelling, e.g. data description of 3D objects
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 17/05 Geographic models
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 17/10 Constructive solid geometry [CSG] using solid primitives, e.g. cylinders, cubes
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 7/50 Depth or shape recovery

Abstract

When creating three-dimensional electronic map data, three-dimensional modeling of a building is performed as follows without measuring height of the building. Firstly, a building is photographed and the photographing position and photographing parameters (camera direction, angle of view) are recorded. Secondly, in a virtual space prepared on a computer, a photograph is arranged so as to reproduce the state upon the photographing according to these data. In combination with this, a plan view of the building is arranged according to the two-dimensional map data. Thirdly, the plan view is moved in the height direction until it is overlapped with the photograph, thereby modeling the building. Thus, it is possible to realize three-dimensional modeling without measuring the height.

Claims

1. A three-dimensional modeling method of generating three-dimensional electronic data of a building structure, said three-dimensional modeling method comprising the steps of:

(a) inputting a photograph and a horizontal planar shape of the building structure expressed by electronic data;

(b) inputting a positional relation between a shooting position of the photograph and the building structure and a shooting parameter that specifies a viewing direction and an angle of view at a time of photographing;

(c) defining the planar shape of the building structure and the shooting position in a virtual space set for generation of the three-dimensional electronic data, based on the input positional relation, and arranging the photograph at a position defined by the input shooting parameter in the virtual space; and

(d) specifying a height of the building structure by raising the defined planar shape of the building structure in the virtual space to reach an extension of a virtual line that connects the shooting position defined in the virtual space with a top of the building structure in the photograph arranged in the virtual space, so as to specify a shape of the building structure in the direction of height.

2. A three-dimensional modeling method in accordance with claim 1, wherein the planar shape is specified by a two-dimensional plane map including the building structure.

3. A three-dimensional modeling method in accordance with claim 1, wherein said step (c) defines a three-dimensional base model giving a rough contour of the building structure, as well as the planar shape.

4. A three-dimensional modeling method in accordance with claim 1, wherein said step (d) comprises the sub-steps of:

analyzing the photograph to specify an edge of the building structure;

quantitatively analyzing an overlap status of a side of the planar shape with the specified edge in the course of the raising; and

selecting a raising position at which the overlap status becomes a local maximum, so as to specify the height of the building structure.

5. A three-dimensional modeling method in accordance with claim 1, said three-dimensional modeling method further comprising the step of:

inputting altitude data representing an altitude of ground surface in the vicinity of the building structure, prior to said step (c),

wherein said step (c) comprises the sub-step of making the input altitude data reflect on the ground surface in the vicinity of the building structure, and

said step (d) specifies the shape of the building structure in the direction of height, above the ground surface.

6. A three-dimensional modeling method in accordance with claim 1, said three-dimensional modeling method further comprising the step of:

(e) attaching at least part of the photograph as a texture to surface of a resulting model of the building structure having the shape in the direction of height specified in said step (d).

7. A three-dimensional modeling method in accordance with claim 6, wherein said step (e) comprises the sub-steps of:

defining a repetition area, to which a similar unit structure is repeatedly applied, and a residual single area other than the repetition area on the surface of the building structure; and

repeatedly attaching a texture of the unit structure to the repetition area, whether an actual structure is included or not included in the photograph.

8. A three-dimensional modeling method in accordance with claim 1, wherein the electronic data expressing the photograph of the building structure do not include height data of the building structure.

9. A three-dimensional modeling method in accordance with claim 1, wherein the height of the building structure is not separately determined or obtained prior to raising the defined planar shape of the building structure in the virtual space.

10. A three-dimensional modeling device that generates three-dimensional electronic data of a building structure, said three-dimensional modeling device comprising:

a first input module that inputs a photograph and a horizontal planar shape of the building structure expressed by electronic data;

a second input module that inputs a positional relation between a shooting position of the photograph and the building structure and a shooting parameter that specifies a viewing direction and an angle of view at a time of photographing; and

a modeling module that defines the planar shape and the shooting position in a virtual space set for generation of the three-dimensional electronic data, based on the input positional relation, arranges the photograph at a position defined by the input shooting parameter in the virtual space, and specifies a height of the building structure by raising the defined planar shape in the virtual space to reach an extension of a virtual line that connects the shooting position defined in the virtual space with a top of the building structure in the photograph arranged in the virtual space, so as to specify a shape of the building structure in the direction of height.

11. A three-dimensional modeling device in accordance with claim 10, wherein said modeling module comprises:

an edge analysis sub-module that analyzes the photograph to specify an edge of the building structure; and

an overlap status analysis sub-module that quantitatively analyzes an overlap status of a side of the planar shape with the specified edge in the course of the raising, and selects a raising position at which the overlap status becomes a local maximum, so as to specify the height of the building structure.

12. A data collection device that collects data used by a three-dimensional modeling device in accordance with either one of claims 10 and 11 to generate three-dimensional electronic data of a building structure, said data collection device comprising:

a shooting module that obtains the photograph of the building structure in the form of electronic data;

a shooting parameter acquisition module that acquires the shooting parameter; and

a data storage module that stores the obtained electronic data and the acquired shooting parameter mapped to data regarding the shooting position.

13. A data collection device in accordance with claim 12, wherein said shooting module is a digital camera, and

said shooting parameter acquisition module is incorporated in said digital camera and acquires an orientation and a focal length of said camera at a time of photographing.

14. A three-dimensional modeling device in accordance with claim 10, wherein the modeling module does not separately determine or obtain the height of the building structure prior to raising the define planar shape in the virtual space.

15. A recording medium in which a computer program is recorded in a computer readable manner, said computer program causing a computer to assist generation of three-dimensional electronic data of a building structure, said computer program causing the computer to attain the functions of:

inputting a photograph and a horizontal planar shape of the building structure expressed by electronic data;

inputting a positional relation between a shooting position of the photograph and the building structure and a shooting parameter that specifies a viewing direction and an angle of view at a time of photographing;

defining the planar shape and the shooting position in a virtual space set for generation of the three-dimensional electronic data, based on the input positional relation, and arranging the photograph at a position defined by the input shooting parameter in the virtual space; and

specifying a height of the building structure by raising the defined planar shape of the building structure in the virtual space to reach an extension of a virtual line that connects the shooting position defined in the virtual space with a top of the building structure in the photograph arranged in the virtual space, so as to specify a shape of the building structure in the direction of height.

16. A computer program in accordance with claim 15, wherein the height of the building structure is not separately determined or obtained prior to raising the defined planar shape of the building structure in the virtual space.

17. A method of constructing a three-dimensional model of a building structure in a virtual space, wherein the three-dimensional model of the building structure has a width, a depth, and a height in the virtual space, the method comprising:

defining a viewing position in the virtual space from where the three-dimensional model of the building structure is to be viewed during its construction;

arranging a photograph of the building structure in the virtual space in relationship to the viewing position, such that viewing the building structure in the photograph from the viewing position in the virtual space is spacially equivalent to viewing the building structure through a camera used to shoot the photograph from a shooting position in a real space at a time when the photograph is taken;

arranging a two-dimensional model that represents a base of the building structure in directions of the width and the depth in the virtual space in relationship to the viewing position, such that the two-dimensional model coincides with a corresponding base of the building structure in the photograph when viewed from the viewing position; and

without separately determining or obtaining the height of the three-dimensional model of the building structure in the virtual space, extending the two-dimensional model in a direction of height to obtain the three-dimensional model of the building structure in the virtual space, such that a top of the three-dimension model of the building structure coincides with a corresponding top of the building structure in the photograph when viewed from the viewing position.

18. The method in accordance with claim 17, wherein the photograph of the building structure is arranged in the virtual space in relationship to the viewing position based on a viewing direction and a viewing angle of viewing the building structure through the camera used to shoot the photograph from the shooting position in the real space at the time when the photograph is taken.