Antenna system and RF signal interference abatement method

• US 7,345,652 B2
• Filed: 04/16/2004
• Issued: 03/18/2008
• Est. Priority Date: 08/30/2001
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: HRL Laboratories LLC (The Boeing Co.)
• Original Assignee: HRL Laboratories LLC (The Boeing Co.)
• Inventors: Sievenpiper, Daniel F., Schaffner, James H., Lynch, Jonathan J.
• Primary Examiner(s): Owens; Douglas W.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Tran; Chuc
• Application Number:
  US10/826,484
• Publication Number:
  US 20040196208A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,432 Days
• Field of Search: 343/911.L, 343/911.R, 455/62, 455446-450, 701/213
• US Class Current: 343/911.00L
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 19/115 Airborne or satellite based pseudolites or repeaters
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 19/215 issues related to spoofing
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 19/23 Testing, monitoring, correcting or calibrating of receiver elements
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 19/36 relating to the receiver frond end
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 5/0072 Transmission between mobile stations, e.g. anti-collision systems
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 15/08 formed of solid dielectric material
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 19/06 using refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens radome H01Q1/42
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 21/0031 Parallel-plate fed arrays; Lens-fed arrays multibeam arrays H01Q25/008
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 3/2611 Means for null steering; Adaptive interference nulling
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 5/45 using two or more feeds in association with a common reflecting, diffracting or refracting device
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 9/0428 radiating a circular polarised wave
• CPC Class Codes: H04K 2203/22 for communication related to vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: H04K 2203/32 including a particular configuration of antennas
• CPC Class Codes: H04K 3/228 Elimination in the received signal of jamming or of data corrupted by jamming interference suppression in receivers H04B1/10
• CPC Class Codes: H04K 3/255 based on redundancy of transmitted data, transmission path or transmitting source
• CPC Class Codes: H04K 3/90 related to allowing or preventing navigation or positioning, e.g. GPS

Abstract

Disclosed is an antenna system including a Luneberg Lens having a spherically shaped outer surface and a spherically shaped focal surface spaced from its outer surface with a plurality of patch antenna elements disposed along the focal surface of the Luneberg Lens; and a power combiner for combining signals received by said plurality of patch antenna elements. The disclosed antenna system may be used a part of a robust GPS system having a plurality of GPS satellites each transmitting a GPS signal; a plurality of airborne GPS platforms, each GPS platform including a GPS transmitter for transmitting its own GPS signal, the GPS signals being transmitted from the plurality of airborne GPS platforms being differentiated from the GPS signals transmitted by visible GPS satellites; and at least one terrestrially located GPS receiver for receiving the GPS signals transmitted by visible ones of the GPS satellites and by visible ones of said airborne GPS platforms.

Claims

1. A robust GPS system comprising;

(a) a plurality of GPS satellites each transmitting a GPS signal;

(b) a plurality of airborne GPS platforms, each GPS platform including a GPS receiver for receiving GPS signals from a number of visible GPS satellites, each airborne platform also including a GPS transmitter for transmitting its own GPS signal, the GPS signals being transmitted from the plurality of airborne GPS platforms being differentiated from the GPS signals transmitted by the visible GPS satellites;

(c) at least one terrestrially located GPS receiver for receiving the GPS signals transmitted by visible ones of the GPS satellites and by visible ones of said airborne GPS platforms.

2. The robust GPS system of claim 1 wherein the airborne GPS receiver includes an antenna system comprising:

(a) a Luneberg Lens having a spherically shaped outer surface and a spherically shaped focal surface spaced from its outer surface;

(b) a plurality of patch antenna elements disposed along the focal surface of the Luneberg Lens; and

(c) a power combiner for combining signals received by said plurality of patch antenna elements.

3. The robust GPS system of claim 2 wherein each patch antenna element of said plurality of patch antenna elements has at least one feed point for receiving signals, the signals at said feed points being selectively routed to said power combiner based upon certain predetermined signal criteria.

4. The robust GPS system of claim 2 wherein each patch antenna element of said plurality of patch antenna elements has at least two feed points for receiving circularly polarized signals, the signals received at said feed points being selectively routed to said power combiner based upon certain predetermined signal criteria.

5. The robust GPS system of claim 4 wherein the signals routed from the feed points of each patch antenna element are routed via a first switch and one of a plurality of filters having different band pass characteristics.

6. The robust GPS system of claim 5 wherein the signals routed from the feed points of each patch antenna element are routed via a second switch, the second switch routing the signals to either a matched load or said power combiner.

7. The robust GPS system of claim 6 wherein the second switch is controlled based upon said certain predetermined signal criteria.

8. The robust GPS system of claim 7 wherein the predetermined signal criteria is a signal level of the signal entering the second switch and wherein the second switch is switched to couple the signals entering the second switch to said matched load when the signal level exceeds a predetermined level.

9. The robust GPS system of claim 8 wherein the signals from the at least two feed points associated with a single patch antenna element are routed via a coupler before being passed to said second switch.

10. The robust GPS system of claim 4 wherein the signals routed from the feed points are routed via a switch for routing the signals to either a matched load or said power combiner.

11. The robust GPS system of claim 10 wherein the second switch is controlled based upon said certain predetermined signal criteria.

12. The robust GPS system of claim 11 wherein the predetermined signal criteria is a signal level of the signal entering the second switch and wherein the second switch is switched to couple the signals entering the second switch to said matched load when the signal level exceeds a predetermined level.

13. A method for reducing potential interference to a GPS receiver responsive to GPS signals transmitted from a constellation of GPS satellites, the method comprising:

deploying air vehicles each serving as a platform for a secondary GPS position and timing reference transmitter, each platform including a receiver for receiving GPS signals from the GPS satellite constellation;

transmitting the secondary GPS position and timing reference information from the transmitters on the air vehicles, the secondary GPS position and timing reference information being based upon the GPS signals received from the GPS satellite constellation at each platform; and

receiving the secondary GPS position and timing reference information from the transmitters on one or more of the air vehicles at said GPS receiver.

14. The method of claim 13 wherein the GPS receiver is terrestrially located.

15. The method of claim 14 wherein the information is transmitted from the air vehicles to the terrestrial GPS receiver in a spread-spectrum manner similar to the manner used for direct satellite to terrestrial GPS receive reception.

16. The method of claim 14 wherein the information is transmitted from the air vehicles to the terrestrial GPS receiver by modulation onto a carrier at a specified frequency.

17. The method of claim 13 wherein the air vehicles are unmanned.

18. The method of claim 13 wherein the GPS receiver includes an antenna system comprising:

(a) a Luneberg Lens having a spherically shaped outer surface and a spherically shaped focal surface spaced from its outer surface;

(b) a plurality of patch antenna elements disposed along the focal surface of the Luneberg Lens; and

(c) a power combiner for combining signals received by said plurality of patch antenna elements.

19. The method of claim 18 wherein each patch antenna element of said plurality of patch antenna elements has at least one feed point for receiving signals, the signals at said feed points being selectively routed to said power combiner based upon certain predetermined signal criteria.

20. The method of claim 18 wherein each patch antenna element of said plurality of patch antenna elements has at least two feed points for receiving circularly polarized signals from at least the transmitters on the air vehicle, the signals received at said feed points being selectively routed to said power combiner based upon certain predetermined signal criteria.

21. The method of claim 20 further including routing the signals routed from the feed points of each patch antenna element via a first switch and one of a plurality of filters having different band pass characteristics.

22. The method of claim 21 further including routing the signals routed from the feed points of each patch antenna element via a second switch, the second switch routing the signals to either a matched load or said power combiner.

23. The method of claim 22 further including controlling the second switch based upon said certain predetermined signal criteria.

24. The robust GPS system of claim 23 wherein the predetermined signal criteria is a signal level of the signal entering the second switch and wherein the second switch is switched to couple the signals entering the second switch to said matched load when the signal level exceeds a predetermined level.

25. The method of claim 24 further including routing the signals from the at least two feed points associated with a single patch antenna element via a coupler before being passed to said second switch.

26. The method of claim 25 further including routing the signals routed from the feed points via a switch for routing the signals to either a matched load or said power combiner.

27. The method of claim 26 further including controlling the second switch based upon said certain predetermined signal criteria.

28. The method of claim 27 wherein the predetermined signal criteria is a signal level of the signal entering the second switch and wherein the second switch is switched to couple the signals entering the second switch to said matched load when the signal level exceeds a predetermined level.