Apparatus for and method of biotic sleep state determining

• US 7,351,206 B2
• Filed: 01/31/2005
• Issued: 04/01/2008
• Est. Priority Date: 03/30/2004
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: TDK Corporation
• Original Assignee: Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba (Toshiba Corporation)
• Inventors: Suzuki, Takuji, Ouchi, Kazushige, Kameyama, Kenichi
• Primary Examiner(s): Nasser; Robert L
• Application Number:
  US11/045,281
• Publication Number:
  US 20050234314A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,156 Days
• Field of Search: None
• US Class Current: 600/500
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2562/0219 Inertial sensors, e.g. accelerometers, gyroscopes, tilt switches
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/0205 Simultaneously evaluating both cardiovascular conditions and different types of body conditions, e.g. heart and respiratory condition
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/02438 with portable devices, e.g. worn by the patient
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/11 Measuring movement of the entire body or parts thereof, e.g. head or hand tremor, mobility of a limb for measuring pulse A61B5/02 ;A61B5/1038 takes precedence; motion detection to correct for motion artifacts in physiological signals A61B5/721
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/1123 Discriminating type of movement, e.g. walking or running A61B5/1116, A61B5/112 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/4035 Evaluating the autonomic nervous system
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/4809 Sleep detection, i.e. determining whether a subject is asleep or not
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/4812 Detecting sleep stages or cycles
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/681 Wristwatch-type devices
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/6892 Mats
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/7239 using differentiation including higher order derivatives

Abstract

A biotic sleep state determining apparatus that determines a sleep state of a subject based on a series of pulse interval data that indicate a time interval of one cycle of a pulse wave of the subject, and on body movement data that indicates a body movement of the subject, the apparatus includes a body movement determining unit that determines that the body movement occurs if a fluctuation amount of the body movement data is greater than a first predetermined threshold, a pulse interval data processor that processes the series of pulse interval data after removing pulse interval data measured in parallel with the body movement data from the series of pulse interval data, if the body movement determining unit determines that the body movement occurs, and a sleep state determining unit that determines the sleep state based on autonomic nerve indexes acquired from the series of pulse interval data processed by the pulse interval data processor.

Claims

1. A biotic sleep state determining apparatus that determines a sleep state of a subject based on a series of pulse interval data that indicate a time interval of one cycle of a pulse wave of the subject, and on body movement data that indicates a body movement of the subject, the apparatus comprising:

a body movement determining unit configured to determine that the body movement occurs if a fluctuation amount of the body movement data is greater than a first predetermined threshold;

a pulse interval data processor that processes the series of pulse interval data after removing pulse interval data measured in parallel with the body movement data from the series of pulse interval data, if the body movement determining unit determines that the body movement occurs;

a sleep state determining unit configured to determine the sleep state based on autonomic nerve indexes acquired from the series of pulse interval data processed by the pulse interval data processor;

an awakening determining unit configured to determine that the body movement occurs during awakening if an occurrence frequency of the body movement determined by the body movement determining unit is equal to or greater than a second predetermined threshold, and that determines that the body movement occurs during sleep if the occurrence frequency of the body movement is smaller than the second predetermined threshold, wherein the pulse interval data processor that processes the series of pulse interval data after removing the pulse interval data measured in parallel with the body movement data determined as the body movement during sleep from the series of pulse interval data, if the awakening determining unit determines that the body movement occurs during sleep;

an abnormality data remover that removes the pulse interval data measured in parallel with the body movement data determined as the body movement by the awakening determining unit from the series of pulse interval data, if the awakening determining unit determines that the body movement occurs, and the pulse interval data processor that processes the series of pulse interval data after the abnormality data remover removes the pulse interval data measured in parallel with the body movement data determined as the body movement from the series of pulse interval data; and

a pulse interval data interpolating unit configured to interpolate the series of pulse interval data, from which the abnormality data remover removes the pulse interval data measured in parallel with the body movement data determined as the body movement, wherein the pulse interval data processor processes the series of pulse interval data temporally equidistant based on the series of pulse interval data interpolated by the pulse interval data interpolating unit.

2. The sleep state determining apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:

an autonomic nerve index acquiring unit configured to convert the series of pulse interval data interpolated by the pulse interval data interpolating unit into a frequency spectrum distribution, and acquires autonomic nerve indexes from a plurality of power spectra of the series of pulse interval data converted into the frequency spectrum distribution, wherein the sleep state determining unit determines the sleep state based on the autonomic nerve indexes acquired by the autonomic nerve index acquiring unit.

3. The sleep state determining apparatus according to claim 2, wherein

the sleep state determining unit configured to determine that the subject is in a deep sleep state if LF/HF is smaller than a first determination threshold and HF is greater than a second determination threshold,

determines that the subject is in a rapid eye movement REM sleep state if the LF/HF is grater than a third determination threshold,

the HF is smaller than a fourth determination threshold, and a sum of standard derivatives of the LF and the HF is greater than a fifth determination threshold, and

otherwise determines that the subject is in a light sleep state, in which the LF is a power spectrum in a low-frequency region and the HF is a power spectrum in a high-frequency region among the power spectra.

4. The sleep state determining apparatus according to claim 3, further comprising:

a time measuring unit configured to measure a time, wherein the sleep state determining unit changes the first to the fifth determination thresholds in consideration of an influence of a circadian rhythm of the subject according to the time measured by the time measuring unit.

5. A biotic sleep state determining apparatus that determines a sleep state of a subject based on a series of pulse interval data that indicate a time interval of one cycle of a pulse wave of the subject, and on body movement data that indicates a body movement of the subject, the apparatus comprising:

a body movement determining unit configured to determine that the body movement occurs if a fluctuation amount of the body movement data is greater than a first predetermined threshold;

a pulse interval data processor that processes the series of pulse interval data after removing pulse interval data measured in parallel with the body movement data from the series of pulse interval data, if the body movement determining unit determines that the body movement occurs;

a sleep state determining unit configured to determine the sleep state based on autonomic nerve indexes acquired from the series of pulse interval data processed by the pulse interval data processor;

a direct-current fluctuation component remover that samples a series of pulse wave data from the pulse wave, that differentiates the series of pulse wave data thus sampled by time, and that removes direct-current fluctuation components from the series of pulse wave data;

a threshold acquiring unit configured to acquire maximum pulse wave data and minimum pulse wave data within a predetermined time interval from the series of pulse wave data, from which the direct-current fluctuation component remover removes the direct-current fluctuation components, and that sets a predetermined value between the maximum pulse wave data and the minimum pulse wave data as a third predetermined threshold; and

a pulse interval data acquiring unit configured to calculate time periods at which the series of pulse wave data coincident with the third predetermined threshold acquired by the threshold acquiring unit occur, from the series of pulse wave data from which the direct-current fluctuation components are removed by the direct-current fluctuation component remover, and that acquires the pulse interval data from an interval of the calculated time periods, wherein the pulse interval data processor that generates the series of pulse interval data from the pulse interval data acquired by the pulse interval data acquiring unit, and processes the series of pulse interval data.

6. The sleep state determining apparatus according to claim 5, wherein if the pulse wave data in the series of pulse wave data just before the pulse wave data exceeds the third predetermined threshold and a time of the pulse wave data are assumed as y1 and t1, respectively, the pulse wave data in the series of pulse wave data just after the pulse wave data exceeds the third predetermined threshold and a time of the pulse wave data are assumed as y2 and t2, respectively, and the pulse wave data in the series of pulse wave-data coincident with the third predetermined threshold and a time of the pulse wave data are assumed as y0 and t, respectively, the pulse interval data acquiring unit configured to calculate the time t at which the pulse wave data in the series of pulse wave data coincident with the third predetermined threshold occurs, based on an equation oft=t1+(t2−

t1)×

(t2−

t1)×

(y0−

y1)/(y2−

y1).

7. A biotic sleep state determining apparatus that determines a sleep state of a subject based on a series of pulse interval data that indicate a time interval of one cycle of a pulse wave of the subject, and on body movement data that indicates a body movement of the subject, the apparatus comprising:

a body movement determining unit configured to determine that the body movement occurs if a fluctuation amount of the body movement data is greater than a first predetermined threshold;

a pulse interval data processor that processes the series of pulse interval data after removing pulse interval data measured in parallel with the body movement data from the series of pulse interval data, if the body movement determining unit determines that the body movement occurs;

a sleep state determining unit configured to determine the sleep state based on autonomic nerve indexes acquired from the series of pulse interval data processed by the pulse interval data processor; and

a waveform abnormality detector that calculates a degree of coincidence between a waveform of the pulse interval data determined by the body movement determining unit as the body movement, and a waveform of normal pulse interval data, and that detects the pulse interval data determined as the body movement, as a waveform abnormality if the degree of the coincidence is smaller than a fourth predetermined threshold, wherein the pulse interval data processor that processes the series of pulse interval data after removing the pulse interval data detected as the waveform abnormality by the waveform abnormality detector from the series of pulse interval data.

8. The sleep state determining apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the pulse interval data processor that processes the series of pulse interval data after removing the pulse interval data detected as the waveform abnormality by the waveform abnormality detector from the series of pulse interval data if the awakening determining unit determines that the body movement occurs during sleep.

9. The sleep state determining apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the waveform abnormality detector that calculates a coefficient of a correlation between a waveform of the pulse interval data determined by the awakening determining unit as the body movement during sleep and the waveform of the normal pulse interval data, and detects the pulse interval data as the waveform abnormality if the coefficient of the correlation is smaller than the fourth predetermined threshold.

10. The sleep state determining apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the waveform abnormality detector that makes a matching between the waveform of the pulse interval data determined by the awakening determining unit as the body movement during sleep and a waveform of abnormal pulse interval data, and detects a waveform identification and an occurrence frequency.