Apparatus and methods for determining at least one characteristic of a proximate environment

• US 7,357,030 B2
• Filed: 11/11/2004
• Issued: 04/15/2008
• Est. Priority Date: 11/11/2004
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Battelle Energy Alliance LLC (Battelle Memorial Institute)
• Original Assignee: Battelle Energy Alliance LLC (Battelle Memorial Institute)
• Inventors: Anderson, Michael J., Novascone, Stephen R., West, Phillip B.
• Primary Examiner(s): SAINT SURIN, JACQUES M
• Application Number:
  US10/988,065
• Publication Number:
  US 20060096380A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,251 Days
• Field of Search: 736/49, 731/520.4, 731/520.5, 731/520.6, 731/521.2, 731/520.1, 731/524.6, 731/524.7, 367/25, 181/102, 181/108
• US Class Current: 73/649
• CPC Class Codes: G01V 1/46 Data acquisition

Abstract

Methods and an apparatus for determining at least one characteristic of an environment are disclosed. A vibrational energy may be imparted into an environment and a magnitude of damping of the vibrational energy may be measured and at least one characteristic of the environment may be determined. Particularly, a vibratory source may be operated and coupled to an environment. At least one characteristic of the environment may be determined based on a shift in at least one steady-state frequency of oscillation of the vibratory source. An apparatus may include at least one vibratory source and a structure for positioning the at least one vibratory source proximate to an environment. Further, the apparatus may include an analysis device for determining at least one characteristic of the environment based at least partially upon shift in a steady-state oscillation frequency of the vibratory source for the given impetus.

Claims

1. A method of determining at least one characteristic of an environment, the method comprising:

operating a vibratory source proximate to an environment and coupled thereto through an acoustic medium so as to exhibit at least one steady-state oscillation frequency for an associated at least one impetus;

indicating the at least one steady-state oscillation frequency of the vibratory source during operation;

determining a maximum steady-state oscillation frequency of the vibratory source for the associated at least one impetus when the vibratory source is remote from the environment; and

determining at least one characteristic of an environment proximate to the vibratory source based, at least in part, on the at least one steady-state oscillation frequency of the vibratory source in relation to the maximum steady-state oscillation frequency of the vibratory source.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein indicating the at least one steady-state oscillation frequency of the vibratory source during operation comprises collecting a signal from a motion sensor.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein collecting the signal from the motion sensor comprises collecting the signal from at least one of a geophone, an accelerometer, and an encoder.

4. The method of claim 2, wherein indicating the at least one steady-state oscillation frequency of the vibratory source during operation further comprises analyzing the collected signal to determine the at least one steady-state oscillation frequency of the vibratory source.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein analyzing the collected signal comprises performing a fast-Fourier transform in relation to the collected signal to determine the at least one steady-state oscillation frequency of the vibratory source.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein operating the vibratory source comprises operating the vibratory source so as to exhibit a steady-state oscillation frequency of between about 20 Hertz to 450 Hertz.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the maximum steady-state oscillation frequency of the vibratory source comprises at least one of simulating, modeling, and empirically determining the at least one maximum steady-state oscillation frequency of the vibratory source during operation.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein determining the maximum steady-state oscillation frequency of the vibratory source comprises analyzing at least one equation of motion generated for describing the behavior of the vibratory source.

9. The method of claim 8, further comprising approximating at least one solution for the at least one equation of motion, respectively, by way of performing at least one of numerical integration and perturbation analysis.

10. The method of claim 1, wherein determining at least one characteristic of the environment proximate to the vibratory source comprises determining at least one of an elasticity, a density, and a bulk modulus of the environment.

11. The method of claim 1, wherein determining at least one characteristic of the environment proximate to the vibratory source comprises determining a dissipation of the environment.

12. The method of claim 1, wherein determining at least one characteristic of the environment proximate to the vibratory source comprises determining a presence of a liquid within the environment.

13. The method of claim 1, wherein operating the vibratory source so as to exhibit the at least one steady-state oscillation frequency comprises selecting the at least one steady-state oscillation frequency for interaction with a selected region of the environment.

14. The method of claim 13, wherein selecting the at least one steady-state oscillation frequency for interaction with a selected region of the environment comprises selecting the at least one steady-state oscillation frequency for interaction with a selected radial region of the environment.

15. The method of claim 1, further comprising moving the vibratory source.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein the at least one steady-state oscillation frequency of the vibratory source changes in response to moving the vibratory source.

17. The method of claim 15, wherein moving the vibratory source comprises moving the vibratory source from a first position to a second position.

18. The method of claim 17, further comprising collecting a signal from a motion sensor while moving the vibratory source from the first position to the second position.

19. The method of claim 1, wherein:

operating the vibratory source so as to exhibit the at least one steady-state oscillation frequency comprises operating the vibratory source so as to exhibit a plurality of steady-state oscillation frequencies; and

indicating the at least one steady-state oscillation frequency of the vibratory source during operation comprises indicating each of the plurality of steady-state oscillation frequencies of the vibratory source during operation.

20. The method of claim 19, further comprising selecting at least one of the plurality of steady-state oscillation frequencies for interaction with a selected region of the environment.

21. The method of claim 1, further comprising directing a vibrational energy of the vibratory source toward a selected region of the environment.

22. The method of claim 21, wherein directing a vibrational energy of the vibratory source toward a selected region of the environment comprises orienting an axis of vibration of the vibratory source.

23. A method of determining at least one characteristic of an environment, the method comprising:

imparting a vibrational energy into an environment with a vibratory source having at least one impetus;

measuring a magnitude of damping of the vibrational energy by way of the environment relative to a vibrational energy that would be imparted remote from the environment by the vibratory source having the at least one impetus; and

determining at least one characteristic of the environment based, at least in part, on the magnitude of damping.

24. The method of claim 23, wherein imparting vibrational energy into the environment comprises operating a vibratory source proximate to the environment.

25. The method of claim 24, wherein measuring a magnitude of damping of the vibrational energy by way of the environment comprises indicating a steady-state oscillation frequency of the vibratory source during operation.

26. The method of claim 25, further comprising collecting a signal from at least one of a geophone, an accelerometer, and an encoder.

27. The method of claim 26, wherein indicating the steady-state frequency of oscillation of the vibratory source during operation further comprises analyzing a collected signal to determine the steady-state frequency of oscillation of the vibratory source.

28. The method of claim 27, wherein analyzing the collected signal comprises performing a fast-Fourier transform in relation to the collected signal to determine the steady-state oscillation frequency of the vibratory source.

29. The method of claim 25, further comprising determining a maximum steady-state oscillation frequency of the vibratory source by way of at least one of simulating, modeling, and empirically determining the maximum steady-state oscillation frequency of the vibratory source during operation.

30. The method of claim 29, wherein determining the maximum steady-state oscillation frequency of the vibratory source comprises analyzing at least one equation of motion for describing the behavior of the vibratory source.

31. The method of claim 30, further comprising approximating at least one solution for the at least one equation of motion, respectively, by way of performing at least one of numerical integration and perturbation analysis.

32. The method of claim 23, wherein determining at least one characteristic of the environment comprises determining at least one of an elasticity, a density, and a bulk modulus of the environment.

33. The method of claim 23, wherein determining at least one characteristic of the environment comprises determining a dissipation of the environment.

34. The method of claim 23, wherein determining at least one characteristic of the environment comprises determining a presence of a liquid within the environment.

35. The method of claim 23, further comprising:

operating a vibratory source so as to exhibit a plurality of steady-state oscillation frequencies; and

indicating each of the plurality of steady-state oscillation frequencies of the vibratory source during operation.

36. The method of claim 23, wherein imparting the vibrational energy into the environment comprises directing the vibrational energy toward a selected region of the environment.

37. The method of claim 36, wherein directing the vibrational energy of the vibratory source toward the selected region of the environment comprises orienting an axis of vibration of a vibratory source.

38. The method of claim 23, wherein imparting the vibrational energy into the environment comprises selecting an oscillation frequency of the vibrational energy.

39. The method of claim 23, wherein imparting the vibrational energy into the environment comprises imparting vibrational energy into the environment at a steady-state oscillation frequency which is less than a maximum steady-state oscillation frequency by way of operating a vibratory source.

40. The method of claim 39, further comprising indicating the steady-state oscillation frequency of the vibratory source during operation by sensing a motion of the vibratory source to determine the steady-state oscillation frequency of the vibratory source.

41. The method of claim 40, wherein sensing the motion of the vibratory source comprises performing a fast-Fourier transform in relation to the sensed motion of the vibratory source to determine the steady-state oscillation frequency of the vibratory source.

42. An apparatus for determining at least one characteristic of an environment, comprising:

at least one vibratory source;

a structure for positioning the at least one vibratory source proximate to an environment;

an analysis device for determining at least one characteristic of the environment based at least partially upon an actual steady-state oscillation frequency of a vibratory source for a given impetus of the at least one vibratory source during operation within the environment in comparison to a maximum steady-state oscillation frequency of the vibratory source for the given impetus outside the environment.

43. The apparatus of claim 42, wherein the at least one vibratory source is structured and configured for oscillating in a generally radial fashion.

44. The apparatus of claim 43, wherein the at least one vibratory source comprises a plurality of vibratory sources.

45. The apparatus of claim 42, wherein the at least one vibratory source is structured and configured for oscillating along an axis of vibration.

46. The apparatus of claim 45, wherein the at least one vibratory source comprises a plurality of vibratory sources.

47. The apparatus of claim 42, wherein the at least one vibratory source comprises at least one of an imbalanced rotating device and a single-axis vibrator.

48. The apparatus of claim 42, wherein the analysis device comprises a computing device.

49. The apparatus of claim 48, wherein the computing device is configured for performing a fast-Fourier transform.

50. The apparatus of claim 42, wherein the structure for positioning the at least one vibratory source is movable.

51. The apparatus of claim 42, wherein the structure for positioning the at least one vibratory source comprises at least one of a cable or a tubing string.

52. The apparatus of claim 51, wherein the structure for positioning the at least one vibratory source includes a wireline.

53. The apparatus of claim 42, wherein the at least one vibratory source comprises a plurality of vibratory sources.

54. The apparatus of claim 42, further comprising an orientation device configured for orienting the at least one vibratory source.

55. The apparatus of claim 54, wherein the orientation device is configured for directing the vibrational energy of the at least one vibratory source toward a selected direction.

56. The apparatus of claim 54, wherein the orientation device comprises a stepper motor.

57. The apparatus of claim 42, further comprising a motion sensor for sensing the vibratory motion of the at least one vibratory source.

58. The apparatus of claim 57, wherein the motion sensor comprises at least one of a geophone, an accelerometer, and an encoder.