Electrolytes for lithium sulfur cells
First Claim
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1. An electrochemical cell comprising:
- (a) a cathode comprising an electroactive sulfur-containing material;
(b) an anode comprising lithium; and
(c) a nonaqueous electrolyte, wherein the electrolyte comprises;
(i) one or more nonaqueous solvents selected from the group consisting of acyclic ethers, cyclic ethers, polyethers, and sulfones;
(ii) one or more lithium salts; and
(iii) one or more N—
O additives, wherein the one or more N—
O additives comprise an inorganic nitrite selected from one or more of the group consisting of lithium nitrite, potassium nitrite, cesium nitrite, and ammonium nitrite;
wherein the cell exhibits utilization of the electroactive sulfur-containing material of at least 60% and a charge-discharge efficiency of at least 80% over at least 10 cycles at a charge rate of about 0.2 mA/cm2 and a discharge rate of about 0.4 mA/cm2.
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Abstract
Disclosed is an electrochemical cell comprising a lithium anode and a sulfur-containing cathode and a non-aqueous electrolyte. The cell exhibits high utilization of the electroactive sulfur-containing material of the cathode and a high charge-discharge efficiency.
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Citations
41 Claims
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1. An electrochemical cell comprising:
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(a) a cathode comprising an electroactive sulfur-containing material; (b) an anode comprising lithium; and (c) a nonaqueous electrolyte, wherein the electrolyte comprises; (i) one or more nonaqueous solvents selected from the group consisting of acyclic ethers, cyclic ethers, polyethers, and sulfones; (ii) one or more lithium salts; and (iii) one or more N—
O additives, wherein the one or more N—
O additives comprise an inorganic nitrite selected from one or more of the group consisting of lithium nitrite, potassium nitrite, cesium nitrite, and ammonium nitrite;wherein the cell exhibits utilization of the electroactive sulfur-containing material of at least 60% and a charge-discharge efficiency of at least 80% over at least 10 cycles at a charge rate of about 0.2 mA/cm2 and a discharge rate of about 0.4 mA/cm2. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26)
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27. An electrochemical cell comprising:
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(a) a cathode comprising an electroactive sulfur-containing material; (b) an anode comprising lithium; and (c) a nonaqueous electrolyte, wherein the electrolyte comprises (i) one or more nonaqueous solvents selected from the group consisting of acyclic ethers, cyclic ethers, polyethers, and sulfones; and (ii) one or more N—
O additives, wherein the one or more N—
O additives is lithium nitrate;wherein the cell exhibits utilization of the electroactive sulfur-containing material of at least 60% and a charge-discharge efficiency of at least 80% over at least 10 cycles at a charge rate of about 0.2 mA/cm2 and a discharge rate of about 0.4 mA/cm2. - View Dependent Claims (28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41)
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Specification