Switching control circuit having off-time modulation to improve efficiency of primary-side controlled power supply

• US 7,362,593 B2
• Filed: 09/16/2004
• Issued: 04/22/2008
• Est. Priority Date: 09/16/2004
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation (ON Semiconductor Corporation)
• Original Assignee: System General Corporation (ON Semiconductor Corporation)
• Inventors: Hung, Guo-Kiang, Yang, Ta-yung, Li, Chuh-Ching, Lin, Jenn-yu G., Tsao, Feng Cheng
• Primary Examiner(s): STERRETT, JEFFREY L
• Application Number:
  US10/943,668
• Publication Number:
  US 20060055433A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,314 Days
• Field of Search: 363/21.05, 363/21.08, 363/21.09, 363/21.1, 363/21.13, 363/21.16, 363/21.17, 363/21.18, 363/97, 363/131
• US Class Current: 363/21.16
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 1/0032 Control circuits allowing low power mode operation, e.g. in standby mode
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/33507 with automatic control of the output voltage or current, e.g. flyback converters H02M3/33561, H02M3/33569 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: Y02B 70/10 Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

Abstract

A voltage-waveform detector produces a voltage-feedback signal and a discharge-time signal by multi-sampling a voltage signal of a transformer. The discharge-time signal represents a discharge time of a secondary-side switching current. A voltage-loop error amplifier amplifies the voltage-feedback signal and generates a control signal. An off-time modulator correspondingly generates a discharge-current signal and a standby signal in response to the control signal and an under-voltage signal. The under-voltage signal indicates a low supply voltage of the controller. An oscillator produces a pulse signal in response to the discharge-current signal. The pulse signal determines the off-time of the switching signal. A PWM circuit generates the switching signal in response to the pulse signal and the standby signal. The standby signal further controls the off-time of the switching signal and maintains a minimum switching frequency. The switching signal is used for regulating the output of the power supply.

Claims

1. A switching control circuit for a primary-side controlled power supply, comprising:

a switch, for switching a transformer, wherein said transformer is supplied with an input voltage of said power supply;

a switching signal, driving said switch for regulating an output voltage of said power supply; and

a controller, coupled to said transformer to generate a voltage-feedback signal by multi-sampling a voltage signal and a discharge time of said transformer when said switching signal is logic-low;

said controller generating said switching signal in response to a control signal, wherein an error amplifier produces said control signal in response to said voltage-feedback signal;

said controller further increasing an off-time of said switching signal in response to the decrease of said control signal, wherein said switching signal keeps a minimum switching frequency to switch said transformer for sampling said voltage signal.

2. The switching control circuit as claimed in claim 1, said controller controlling said off-time of said switching signal in response to said control signal and an under-voltage signal, wherein said under-voltage signal indicates a low supply voltage of said controller and decreases said off-time of said switching signal.

3. The switching control circuit as claimed in claim 1, wherein said controller comprises:

a voltage-waveform detector, coupled to said transformer, producing said voltage-feedback signal by multi-sampling said voltage signal and said discharge time of said transformer through an auxiliary winding of said transformer;

a voltage-loop error amplifier, for amplifying said voltage-feedback signal and generating said control signal;

an off-time modulator, generating a discharge-current signal and a standby signal in response to said control signal, wherein said discharge-current signal is decreased in proportion to the decrease of said control signal;

an oscillator, generating a pulse signal and a ramp signal in response to said discharge-current signal, wherein the increase of said pulse width of said pulse signal is proportional to the decrease of said discharge-current signal;

an adder, coupled to a current-sense device and supplied with said ramp signal, generating a slope signal; and

a PWM circuit, generating said switching signal in response to said pulse signal, said control signal, said slope signal and said standby signal, wherein said pulse width of said switching signal is regulated by said control signal and said slope signal;

the increase of said off-time of said switching signal is proportional to the increase of said pulse width of said pulse signal;

said standby signal further controls said off-time of said switching signal for keeping a minimum switching frequency of said switching signal.

4. The switching control circuit as claimed in claim 3, wherein said voltage-waveform detector comprises:

a sample-pulse generator, for producing a sample-pulse signal;

a threshold signal, wherein said threshold signal adds said voltage signal to produce a level-shift signal;

a first capacitor and a second capacitor;

a first signal generator, producing a first sample signal and a second sample signal, wherein said first sample signal and said second sample signal are used for alternately sampling said voltage signal, wherein a first hold voltage and a second hold voltage are respectively held across said first capacitor and said second capacitor, wherein said first sample signal and said second sample signal are alternately generated in response to said sample-pulse signal during an enabled period of said discharge-time signal, wherein a delay time is inserted at the beginning of said discharge-time signal, wherein said first sample signal and said second sample signal are disabled during the period of said delay time;

a buffer amplifier, generating a hold signal from the higher voltage of said first hold voltage and said second hold voltage;

a first output capacitor, producing said voltage-feedback signal by sampling said hold signal; and

a second signal generator, producing said discharge-time signal, wherein said discharge-time signal is enabled as said switching signal is disabled, wherein after said delay time, said discharge-time signal can be disabled once said level-shift signal is lower than said voltage-feedback signal, wherein said discharge-time signal can also be disabled as long as said switching signal is enabled.

5. The switching control circuit as claimed in claim 3, wherein said voltage-waveform detector multi-samples said voltage signal to generate an end voltage for producing said voltage-feedback signal, wherein said end voltage is sampled and measured instantly before said secondary-side switching current drops to zero.

6. The switching control circuit as claimed in claim 3, wherein said off-time modulator comprises:

a minimum-discharge current and a maximum-discharge current;

a threshold current;

a V-to-I converter, generating a control current in response to said control signal, in which said control current is coupled to said minimum-discharge current, said maximum-discharge current and said threshold current generate said discharge-current signal, and said control current is coupled to delete said threshold current for producing said discharge-current signal, wherein a minimum value of said discharge-current signal is determined by said minimum-discharge current, wherein a maximum value of said discharge-current signal is clamped by said maximum-discharge current;

a first threshold voltage, producing a first enable signal once said control signal is lower than said first threshold voltage, and producing a first disable signal once said control signal is higher than said first threshold voltage;

a second threshold voltage, producing said under-voltage signal once an attenuated supply voltage of said controller is lower than said second threshold voltage;

a delay counter having a counter-delay time to generate a standby-enable signal once said first enable signal is enabled longer than said counter-delay time; and

a standby-signal generator coupled to said delay counter to enable said standby signal in response to said standby-enable signal, wherein said standby signal is disabled in response to said first disable signal and said under-voltage signal.

7. The switching control circuit as claimed in claim 3, wherein said oscillator comprises:

a first V-to-I converter, for generating a charge current and reference currents, in response to a reference voltage;

an oscillator capacitor;

a first switch, wherein a first terminal of said first switch is supplied with said charge current and a second terminal of said first switch is connected to said oscillator capacitor;

a second switch, wherein a first terminal of said second switch is connected to said oscillator capacitor and a second terminal of said second switch is driven by said discharge-current signal;

a first comparator, having a non-inverting input connected to said oscillator capacitor, wherein said first comparator generates said pulse signal;

a third switch, having a first terminal supplied with a high-threshold voltage and a second terminal connected to an inverting input of said first comparator;

a fourth switch, having a first terminal supplied with a low-threshold voltage and a second terminal connected to said inverting input of said first comparator; and

an inverter, having an input connected to an output of said first comparator for producing an inverse pulse signal, wherein said pulse signal turns on/off said second switch and said fourth switch, wherein said inverse pulse signal turns on/off said first switch and said third switch.

8. The switching control circuit as claimed in claim 3, wherein said PWM circuit comprises:

a switching-signal generator, coupled to said oscillator to generate said switching signal in response to said pulse signal, wherein said switching signal is initiated in response to said falling-edge of said pulse signal, wherein said pulse signal disables said switching signal in response to the enabling of said pulse signal for providing said off-time for said switching signal;

said switching-signal generator is further coupled to said control signal and said slope signal to control the pulse width of said switching signal;

a blanking circuit, enabling a minimum on-time of said switching signal in response to a logic-on state of said switching signal;

a wake-up timer, coupled to said off-time modulator to enable said switching signal in response to said standby signal, wherein said wake-up timer will enable said switching cycle for every cycle of said pulse signal in response to the disablement of said standby signal;

once said standby signal is enabled, said wake-up timer will enable said switching cycle after specific cycles of said pulse signal, which ensures a minimum switching frequency of said switching signal.

9. The switching control circuit as claimed in claim 1, wherein said switching signal having a minimum on-time once said switching signal is enabled, which further ensures a minimum value of said discharge time for multi-sampling said voltage signal.

10. A switching control circuit for a primary-side controlled power supply comprising:

a switch, for switching a transformer having at least one auxiliary winding and at least one secondary-side winding;

a switching signal applied to said switch, wherein said switching signal is controlled by a detection voltage in response to an output voltage of said auxiliary winding and a detection current in response to a switching current of said switch;

a controller, coupled to said transformer, wherein said controller detects a voltage variation of said auxiliary winding and a current variation of said switch, then generates said switching signal with a switching frequency larger than zero for continuously switching said switch to induce continuous energy variation on said auxiliary winding, said controller comprising;

an oscillator, generating a frequency signal;

a voltage control loop, developed from said voltage variation of said auxiliary winding, which is in accordance with said switching signal, an error amplifier comparing said voltage variation with a reference voltage, a comparator comparing an output of said error amplifier with said current variation of said switch, and a PWM generator generating said switching signal for said switch in response to an output of said comparator;

an adder, adding to said frequency signal with said current variation of said switch; and

a duty cycle modulator generating a modulation signal to said PWM generator for adjusting said switching signal and to said oscillator for adjusting said frequency signal in response to said voltage variation of said auxiliary winding and said frequency signal.

11. A method for switching a primary-side controlled power supply, said method comprising the steps of:

sensing a current variation of a switching current;

sensing a voltage variation of an auxiliary winding;

generating a control signal in response to comparing said voltage variation of said auxiliary winding with a reference voltage;

generating a modulated current variation signal in response to combining said current variation signal with a frequency signal from an oscillator;

generating a PWM controlling signal in response to comparing said modulated current variation of said switching current with said control signal;

generating a PWM switching signal in response to said PWM controlling signal and said frequency signal via a PWM generator by inputting said PWM controlling signal and said frequency signal to said PWM generator; and

generating a modulated duty cycle signal to said oscillator and said PWM generator in response to said control signal and said frequency signal via a duty cycle modulator.