Microfabricated structures for facilitating fluid introduction into microfluidic devices

• US 7,364,704 B2
• Filed: 07/27/2006
• Issued: 04/29/2008
• Est. Priority Date: 06/06/1997
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Calvin Y.H. Chow, Parce J. Wallace, Steven A. Sundberg
• Original Assignee: Calvin Y.H. Chow, Parce J. Wallace, Steven A. Sundberg
• Inventors: Parce, J. Wallace, Chow, Calvin Y. H., Sundberg, Steven A.
• Primary Examiner(s): WALLENHORST, MAUREEN
• Application Number:
  US11/493,997
• Publication Number:
  US 20060286001A1
• Time in Patent Office: 642 Days
• Field of Search: 422/99, 422/100, 422/102, 436/174, 436/180
• US Class Current: 422/503
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 19/0093 Microreactors, e.g. miniaturised or microfabricated reactors laboratory containers with capillary fluid transport in microfabricated channels or chambers B01L3/5027
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00783 Laminate assemblies, i.e. the reactor comprising a stack of plates
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00826 Quartz
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00831 Glass
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00833 Plastic
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00853 Employing electrode arrangements
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00891 Feeding or evacuation
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00909 using filters
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 2200/027 for microfluidic devices
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 2300/0681 Filter
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 2300/0816 Cards, e.g. flat sample carriers usually with flow in two horizontal directions
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 2300/0819 Microarrays; Biochips
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 2300/0864 comprising only one inlet and multiple receiving wells, e.g. for separation, splitting
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 2400/0406 capillary forces
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 2400/0418 electro-osmotic flow [EOF]
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 2400/0421 electrophoretic flow
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 2400/0487 fluid pressure, pneumatics
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 2400/0688 surface tension valves, capillary stop, capillary break
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 3/0244 using pins
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 3/0262 using touch-off at substrate or container
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 3/5025 : for parallel transport of multiple samples
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 3/50255 : Multi-well filtration
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 3/5027 : by integrated microfluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip B01L3/5023 takes precedence; micromixers B01F33/30; microreactors for synthesis B01J19/0093; microcapillary devices in general B81B1/00
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 3/502715 : characterised by interfacing components, e.g. fluidic, electrical, optical or mechanical interfaces
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 3/502723 : characterised by venting arrangements
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 3/50273 : characterised by the means or forces applied to move the fluids micropumps F04B19/006, of the membrane type F04B43/043
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 3/502753 : characterised by bulk separation arrangements on lab-on-a-chip devices, e.g. for filtration or centrifugation separation in general B01D; microapparatus for analysis using electrophoresis G01N27/44791; sample preparation G01N1/28
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2035/00237 : Handling microquantities of analyte, e.g. microvalves, capillary networks
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2035/1037 : Using surface tension, e.g. pins or wires
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 27/44743 : Introducing samples
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 27/44791 : Microapparatus sample containers with integrated microfluidic structures B01L3/5027
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 436/25125 : Digestion or removing interfering materials
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 436/25375 : Liberation or purification of sample or separation of material from a sample [e.g., filtering, centrifuging, etc.]
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 436/2575 : Volumetric liquid transfer

Abstract

Fluid introduction is facilitated through the use of a port which extends entirely through a microfluidic substrate. Capillary forces can be used to retain the fluid within the port, and a series of samples or other fluids may be introduced through a single port by sequentially blowing the fluid out through the substrate and replacing the removed fluid with an alternate fluid, or by displacing the fluid in part with additional fluid. In another aspect, microfluidic substrates have channels which varying in cross-sectional dimension so that capillary action spreads a fluid only within a limited portion of the channel network. In yet another aspect, the introduction ports may include a multiplicity of very small channels leading from the port to a fluid channel, so as to filter out particles or other contaminants which might otherwise block the channel at the junction between the channel and the introduction port.

Claims

1. A fluid analysis system comprising:

a substrate having an exposed first surface and an exposed second surface;

a plurality of ports extending through said substrate, each of said plurality of ports having a first open end at said first surface and a second open end at said second surface, each of said plurality of ports being sized to receive a test fluid therein via capillary loading and retain said test fluid therein solely by capillary force; and

a first hydrophobic coating disposed on said first surface, said first hydrophobic coating inhibit cross-contamination of said test fluid in said plurality of ports along said first surface.

2. The fluid analysis system according to claim 1 wherein said capillary force is greater than the force of gravity.

3. The fluid analysis system according to claim 1, further comprising:

a second hydrophobic coating disposed on said second surface, said second hydrophobic coating inhibit cross-contamination of said test fluid in said plurality of ports along said second surface.

4. The fluid analysis system according to claim 1 wherein said first hydrophobic coating is polytetraflouroethylene.

5. The fluid analysis system according to claim 1 wherein each of said plurality of ports defines a diameter between about 0.1 mm and 5 mm.

6. The fluid analysis system according to claim 1 wherein each of said plurality of ports defines a diameter between about 0.5 mm and 2 mm.

7. The fluid analysis system according to claim 1 wherein each of said plurality of ports defines a circular cross section.

8. The fluid analysis system according to claim 1 wherein each of said plurality of ports defines a total volume between said first surface and said second surface of less than 20 μ

L.

9. The fluid analysis system according to claim 1 wherein each of said plurality of ports defines a total volume between said first surface and said second surface between about 0.5 μ

L and 10 μ

L.

10. The fluid analysis system according to claim 1 wherein each of said plurality of ports defines a generally constant cross section from said first open end to said second open end.

11. The fluid analysis system according to claim 1 wherein each of said plurality of ports defines a tapered cross section from said first open end to said second open end.

12. The fluid analysis system according to claim 1 wherein said substrate comprises a polymer.

13. The fluid analysis system according to claim 1 wherein said substrate comprises quartz or glass.

14. The fluid analysis system according to claim 1 wherein said substrate comprises silicon or a polymeric material.

15. The fluid analysis system according to claim 1 wherein said substrate comprises a material selected from the group consisting of polymethylmethacrylate, polydimethylsiloxanes, polyurethane, polyvinylchloride, polystyrene, polysulfone, and polycarbonate.

16. The fluid analysis system according to claim 1 wherein a first of said plurality of ports receives a first test fluid and a second of said plurality of ports receives a second test fluid, said second test fluid being different than said first test fluid.

17. The fluid analysis system according to claim 1, further comprising:

a plurality of fluid transport members generally aligned with at least some of said plurality of ports to transport said test fluid thereto.

18. A fluid analysis system comprising:

a substrate having an exposed first surface and an exposed second surface, said substrate comprises;

a first portion; and

a second portion coupled with said first portion,

a plurality of ports extending through said substrate, each of said plurality of ports having a first open end at said first surface and a second open end at said second surface, each of said plurality of ports being sized to receive a test fluid therein;

wherein at least one of said plurality of ports extends through said first portion and said second portion of said substrate; and

a first hydrophobic coating disposed on said first surface, said first hydrophobic coating inhibit cross-contamination of said test fluid in said plurality of ports along said first surface.

19. The fluid analysis system according to claim 18 wherein said at least one of said plurality of ports comprises a first cross section within said first portion of said substrate and a second cross section within said second portion of said substrate, said first cross section being different than said second cross section.

20. A fluid analysis system comprising:

a substrate having an exposed first surface and an exposed second surface;

a plurality of ports extending through said substrate, each of said plurality of ports having a first open end at said first surface and a second open end at said second surface, each of said plurality of ports being sized to receive a test fluid therein;

a first hydrophobic coating disposed on said first surface, said first hydrophobic coating inhibit cross-contamination of said test fluid in said plurality of ports along said first surface; and

a channel fluidly coupled with at least one of said plurality of ports.

21. A fluid analysis system comprising:

a substrate having an exposed lower surface and an exposed upper surface;

a plurality of through-hole ports extending through said substrate, each of said plurality of through-hole ports having a first open end at said lower surface and a second open end at said upper surface, each of said plurality of through-hole ports being sized to receive a test fluid therein by capillary force; and

a first hydrophobic coating disposed on said lower surface, said first hydrophobic coating inhibit cross-contamination of said test fluid in said plurality of through-hole ports along said lower surface.

22. The fluid analysis system according to claim 21 wherein said capillary force is greater than the force of gravity.

23. The fluid analysis system according to claim 21 wherein said substrate comprises:

a first portion; and

a second portion coupled with said first portion,

wherein at least one of said plurality of through-hole ports extends through said first portion and said second portion.

24. The fluid analysis system according to claim 23 wherein said at least one of said plurality of through-hole ports comprises a first cross section within said first portion of said substrate and a second cross section within said second portion of said substrate, said first cross section being different than said second cross section.

25. The fluid analysis system according to claim 21, further comprising:

a second hydrophobic coating disposed on said upper surface, said second hydrophobic coating inhibit cross-contamination of said test fluid in said plurality of through-hole ports along said upper surface.

26. The fluid analysis system according to claim 21 wherein said first hydrophobic coating is polytetraflouroethylene.

27. The fluid analysis system according to claim 21 wherein each of said plurality of through-hole ports defines a diameter between about 0.1 mm and 5 mm.

28. The fluid analysis system according to claim 21 wherein each of said plurality of through-hole ports defines a diameter between about 0.5 mm and 2 mm.

29. The fluid analysis system according to claim 21 wherein each of said plurality of through-hole ports defines a circular cross section.

30. The fluid analysis system according to claim 21 wherein each of said plurality of through-hole ports defines a total volume between said lower surface and said upper surface of less than 20 μ

L.

31. The fluid analysis system according to claim 21 wherein each of said plurality of through-hole ports defines a total volume between said lower surface and said upper surface between about 0.5 μ

L and 10 μ

L.

32. The fluid analysis system according to claim 21 wherein each of said plurality of through-hole ports defines a generally constant cross section from said first open end to said second open end.

33. The fluid analysis system according to claim 21 wherein each of said plurality of through-hole ports defines a tapered cross section from said first open end to said second open end.

34. The fluid analysis system according to claim 21 wherein said substrate comprises a polymer.

35. The fluid analysis system according to claim 21 wherein said substrate comprises quartz or glass.

36. The fluid analysis system according to claim 21 wherein said substrate comprises silicon or a polymeric material.

37. The fluid analysis system according to claim 21 wherein said substrate comprises a material selected from the group consisting of polymethylmethacrylate, polydimethylsiloxanes, polyurethane, polyvinylchloride, polystyrene, polysulfone, and polycarbonate.

38. The fluid analysis system according to claim 21 wherein a first of said plurality of through-hole ports receives a first test fluid and a second of said plurality of through-hole ports receives a second test fluid, said second test fluid being different than said first test fluid.

39. The fluid analysis system according to claim 21, further comprising:

a plurality of fluid transport members generally aligned with at least some of said plurality of through-hole ports to transport said test fluid thereto.

40. The fluid analysis system according to claim 21, further comprising:

a channel fluidly coupled with at least one of said plurality of through-hole ports.

41. A fluid analysis system comprising:

a substrate having an exposed first surface and an exposed second surface;

a plurality of ports extending through said substrate operable to retain a test fluid therein, each of said plurality of ports having a first open end at said first surface and a second open end at said second surface, each of said plurality of ports sized to retain said test fluid therein solely by capillary force, each of said plurality of ports having a total volume between said first surface and said second surface of less than 20 μ

L; and

a first hydrophobic coating disposed on said first surface, said first hydrophobic coating inhibit cross-contamination of said test fluid in said plurality of ports along said first surface.

42. The fluid analysis system according to claim 41 wherein each of said plurality of ports is sized to receive said test fluid therein by capillary loading.

43. The fluid analysis system according to claim 42 wherein said capillary force is greater than the force of gravity.

44. The fluid analysis system according to claim 41 wherein said substrate comprises:

a first portion; and

a second portion coupled with said first portion,

wherein at least one of said plurality of ports extends through said first portion and said second portion.

45. The fluid analysis system according to claim 44 wherein said at least one of said plurality of ports comprises a first cross section within said first portion of said substrate and a second cross section within said second portion of said substrate, said first cross section being different than said second cross section.

46. The fluid analysis system according to claim 41, further comprising:

a second hydrophobic coating disposed on said second surface, said second hydrophobic coating inhibit cross-contamination of said test fluid in said plurality of ports along said second surface.

47. The fluid analysis system according to claim 41 wherein said first hydrophobic coating is polytetraflouroethylene.

48. The fluid analysis system according to claim 41 wherein each of said plurality of ports defines a diameter between about 0.1 mm and 5 mm.

49. The fluid analysis system according to claim 41 wherein each of said plurality of ports defines a diameter between about 0.5 mm and 2 mm.

50. The fluid analysis system according to claim 41 wherein each of said plurality of ports defines a circular cross section.

51. The fluid analysis system according to claim 41 wherein each of said plurality of ports defines a total volume between said first surface and said second surface between about 0.5 μ

L and 10 μ

L.

52. The fluid analysis system according to claim 41 wherein each of said plurality of ports defines a generally constant cross section from said first open end to said second open end.

53. The fluid analysis system according to claim 41 wherein each of said plurality of ports defines a tapered cross section from said first open end to said second open end.

54. The fluid analysis system according to claim 41 wherein said substrate comprises a polymer.

55. The fluid analysis system according to claim 41 wherein said substrate comprises quartz or glass.

56. The fluid analysis system according to claim 41 wherein said substrate comprises silicon or a polymeric material.

57. The fluid analysis system according to claim 41 wherein said substrate comprises a material selected from the group consisting of polymethylmethacrylate, polydimethylsiloxanes, polyurethane, polyvinylchloride, polystyrene, polysulfone, and polycarbonate.

58. The fluid analysis system according to claim 41 wherein a first of said plurality of ports receives a first test fluid and a second of said plurality of ports receives a second test fluid, said second test fluid being different than said first test fluid.