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Miniature biological fuel cell that is operational under physiological conditions, and associated devices and methods

  • US 7,368,190 B2
  • Filed: 05/01/2003
  • Issued: 05/06/2008
  • Est. Priority Date: 05/02/2002
  • Status: Expired due to Fees
First Claim
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1. A fuel cell comprising:

  • an anode and an anode electrolysis layer on at least a portion of the anode, the anode electrolysis layer comprising an anode enzyme; and

    a cathode and a cathode electrolysis layer on at least a portion of the cathode, the cathode electrolysis layer comprising a copper-containing cathode enzyme selected from the group consisting of ascorbate oxidase, a ceruloplasmine, and a bilirubin oxidase,wherein the fuel cell operates under physiological conditions without a membrane separating the anode and the cathode,wherein the copper-containing cathode enzyme retains more than 80% of its maximal activity under the physiological conditions.

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