Method for building three-dimensional models from thermoplastic modeling materials

• US 7,374,712 B2
• Filed: 08/08/2002
• Issued: 05/20/2008
• Est. Priority Date: 06/23/1999
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Stratasys Incorporated
• Original Assignee: Stratasys Incorporated
• Inventors: Kimm, Daniel I., Pollard, David L., Brose, Steve, Popa, Minea A., Priedeman, William R. Jr., Hopkins, Paul E., Swanson, William J., Turley, Patrick W., Hahn, Andrew M.
• Primary Examiner(s): Tentoni; Leo B.
• Application Number:
  US10/215,276
• Publication Number:
  US 20030011103A1
• Time in Patent Office: 2,112 Days
• Field of Search: 264/234, 264/308, 264/345, 294/28, 343/80, 226/1, 242/570
• US Class Current: 264/308
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 2071/022 Annealing
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 2791/005 Using a particular environment, e.g. sterile fluids other than air
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 31/04 Feeding of the material to be moulded, e.g. into a mould cavity B29C39/08 takes precedence; using a material distribution system to two or more fixed injection moulds B29C45/125
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 41/36 Feeding the material on to the mould, core or other substrate
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 41/52 Measuring, controlling or regulating
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 64/106 using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 64/118 using filamentary material being melted, e.g. fused deposition modelling [FDM]
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 64/40 Structures for supporting 3D objects during manufacture and intended to be sacrificed after completion thereof
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 71/02 Thermal after-treatment B29C71/0063 and B29C71/0072 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: B29K 2055/02 ABS polymers, i.e. acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene polymers
• CPC Class Codes: B33Y 30/00 Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
• CPC Class Codes: B33Y 40/00 Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
• CPC Class Codes: B33Y 70/00 Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
• CPC Class Codes: C08K 5/0016 Plasticisers
• CPC Class Codes: C08L 33/02 Homopolymers or copolymers of acids; Metal or ammonium salts thereof
• CPC Class Codes: G05B 2219/49019 Machine 3-D slices, to build 3-D model, stratified object manufacturing SOM
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 29/49826 Assembling or joining

Abstract

The present invention is a method and apparatus for building three-dimensional models by deposition modeling techniques from moisture-sensitive thermoplastics. A feedstock of thermoplastic modeling material is dried to a low moisture content and supplied to a dispensing head of a modeling apparatus. The dry thermoplastic material is heated in a liquifier and deposited in a predetermined pattern so as to build a three-dimensional model.

Claims

1. An additive method for building a three-dimensional model with a modeling machine by depositing a moisture-sensitive thermoplastic material from a dispensing head of the modeling machine, comprising the steps of:

providing the thermoplastic material in solid form in a cassette, the cassette comprising a pathway and a pair of rollers mounted on opposing sides of the pathway for advancing the thermoplastic material, wherein a first roller of the pair of rollers has a floating axis of rotation in a direction perpendicular to the pathway;

drying the thermoplastic material in the cassette to less than 700 ppm moisture;

loading the cassette containing the dry thermoplastic material to the modeling machine;

engaging a drive wheel of the modeling machine with the first roller of the cassette, thereby causing the first roller to press against a portion of the thermoplastic material disposed in the pathway; and

feeding the dry thermoplastic material from the cassette to the dispensing head by rotation of the drive wheel.

2. The method of claim 1, and further comprising the step of:

melting the dry thermoplastic material in the dispensing head.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the thermoplastic material is selected from the group consisting of polycarbonates, polyphenylsulfones, polycarbonate/ABS blends, polyetherimides, polysulfones, polyethersulfones, and amorphous polyamides.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the solid form is in the form of a filament.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the thermoplastic material is dried to less than 300 ppm moisture.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the thermoplastic material is maintained at less than 700 ppm moisture while in the container.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the thermoplastic material is maintained at less than 300 ppm moisture.

8. A method for preparing a filament cassette having a first shell and a second shell, the method comprising:

winding filament onto a spool;

placing the spool containing the filament onto a first hub located in a recess of the first shell;

positioning a portion of the filament from the spool into a channel of the first shell and between a pair of rollers, wherein the channel extends from the recess to an exterior surface of the first shell, wherein the pair of rollers are mounted on the first shell on opposing sides of the channel, and wherein a first roller of the pair of rollers has a floating axis of rotation in a direction perpendicular to the channel, thereby allowing the first roller to move away from the channel in the absence of an external applied force;

positioning the second shell onto the first shell, thereby positioning the spool onto a second hub of the second shell such that the spool is rotatable around the first hub and the second hub; and

securing the second shell to the first shell, wherein the first roller is accessible externally from the secured first and second shells.

9. The method of claim 8, further comprising placing a gasket around the recess of the first shell, wherein the gasket provides a moisture barrier when the second shell is secured to the first shell.

10. The method of claim 8, further comprising positioning a gasket retainer along the channel of the first shell, wherein the gasket retainer comprises a hole.

11. The method of claim 10, further comprising inserting the portion of the filament through the hole of the gasket retainer.

12. The method of claim 8, further comprising mounting a circuit board onto at least one of the first shell and the second shell, wherein the circuit board provides an electronic tag configured to contain information of at least the filament.

13. The method of claim 8, wherein the circuit board is mounted before the second shell is positioned onto the first shell.

14. The method of claim 8, further comprising resetting an electronic tag provided on a circuit board, wherein the circuit board is mounted onto at least one of the first shell and the second shell.

15. A method for preparing a filament cassette for use with a modeling machine, the method comprising:

winding filament of a thermoplastic material onto a spool;

placing the spool containing the filament into a chamber of the filament cassette, the filament cassette comprising an exit orifice, a filament path disposed between the chamber and the exit orifice, and a pair of rollers mounted on opposing sides of the filament path, wherein a first roller of the pair of rollers has a floating axis of rotation in a direction perpendicular to the filament path, thereby allowing the first roller to move away from the filament path in the absence of an external applied force;

inserting a portion of the filament from the spool through a gasket retainer disposed along the filament path;

positioning the portion of the filament into the filament path and between the pair of rollers;

sealing the filament cassette wherein the first roller is accessible externally from the sealed filament cassette; and

drying the filament while the filament is contained within the sealed filament cassette.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein the thermoplastic material is dried to less than 700 parts-per-million by weight moisture.

17. The method of claim 16, wherein the thermoplastic material is dried to less than 300 parts-per-million by weight moisture.

18. The method of claim 15, wherein the thermoplastic material is selected from the group consisting of polycarbonates, polyphenylsulfones, polycarbonate/ABS blends, polyetherimides, polysulfones, polyethersulfones, and amorphous polyamides.

19. The method of claim 15, further comprising placing a gasket around the chamber, wherein the gasket retainer constitutes a portion of the gasket.

20. The method of claim 15, further comprising mounting a circuit board onto the filament container, wherein the circuit board provides an electronic tag configured to contain information of at least the filament.