Method and apparatus using VAR measurements to control power input to a three-phase induction motor circuit

• US 7,378,821 B2
• Filed: 08/01/2005
• Issued: 05/27/2008
• Est. Priority Date: 08/01/2005
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Enviro Fuel Technology LP
• Original Assignee: Enviro Fuel Technology LP
• Inventors: Simpson, Hugh Carden III
• Primary Examiner(s): STERRETT, JEFFREY L
• Application Number:
  US11/195,198
• Publication Number:
  US 20070024250A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,030 Days
• Field of Search: 318/729, 323/205, 323/299, 323/300
• US Class Current: 323/205
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 3/1892 the arrangements being an integral part of the load, e.g. a motor, or of its control circuit
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 3/26 Arrangements for eliminating or reducing asymmetry in polyphase networks
• CPC Class Codes: H02P 2207/01 Asynchronous machines
• CPC Class Codes: H02P 23/26 Power factor control [PFC]
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 40/50 Arrangements for eliminating or reducing asymmetry in polyphase networks

Abstract

A method and apparatus are described for controlling the flow of power in each input line to a three phase AC inductive load in order to reduce the amount of VAR in the system, and thus increase the operational efficiency of the inductive load. Solid state relays are positioned in series in each of the three inductive load line inputs, and current allowed to flow to the inductive load only during the time during which the SSRs are in a conducting state. The calculation of VAR is achieved by processing data from each of the input lines using a separate controller boards each dedicated to each of the lines. The controller in turn, based on the calculated VAR, increments the time, either increasing or decreasing it from a predetermined value, during which the SSRs in that line remains in the non-conducting state.

Claims

1. In a method of controlling the input to a three phase inductive load from a three phase AC power supply wherein a measure of reactive power in at least one input line to the load is determined during a time period, and a solid state relay is connected in series in said input line between the power supply and the inductive load and maintained in a non-conducting state for a subsequent period of time, the length of which subsequent period of time is determined by analyzing the measure of VAR, the improvement comprising:

analyzing the measure of VAR using a microprocessor dedicated to handling the calculation for said one input line;

wherein the measure of reactive power is determined in each of the three input lines to the induction load, the analyzing step for each line performed by a separate microprocessor;

wherein the measure of VAR and the analyzing step is conducted during each half cycle of the AC input; and

wherein during a half cycle, the VAR for that half cycle is calculated, along with the length of the subsequent period of time during which a solid state relay is to be maintained in the non conducting state during the next like half cycle.

4. The method of claim 1 wherein the three phase inductive load is an alternating current inductive load.

2. In a method of controlling the input to a three phase inductive load from a three phase AC power supply wherein a measure of reactive power in at least one input line to the load is determined during a time period, and a solid state relay is connected in series in said input line between the power supply and the inductive load and maintained in a non-conducting state for a subsequent period of time, the length of which subsequent period of time is determined by analyzing the measure of VAR, the improvement comprising:

analyzing the measure of VAR using a microprocessor dedicated to handling the calculation for said one input line;

wherein the measure of reactive power is determined in each of the three input lines to the induction load, the analyzing step for each line performed by a separate microprocessor; and

wherein a fourth microprocessor is used to monitor the operation of said three controllers.

3. The method of claim 2 further including a first learning mode step in which the settings used to control the programming of sensor modules based on the operating characteristics of the three phase inductive load to be controlled.

5. A method for controlling the flow of power to an alternating current AC inductive load from a power supply to interrupt the flow of power to the motor for determined period of time, the method, comprising the steps of:

(a) continuously measuring the current and voltage in a first input line,

(b) determining the VA for said first line during a first AC half cycle,

(c) storing the determined VA value when the product goes negative,

(d) continuing the calculation of VAR, and for each VAR value calculated thereafter, comparing it to the absolute value of the preceding calculated VAR value, and storing the new value as the VAR max, until such time as the calculated VAR value is less than the VAR value previously calculated,

(e) during the following AC half cycle of opposite polarity, comparing the VAR max value against a reference threshold, and if the determined difference varies by more than a predetermined amount, then applying a predetermined timing increment to increment the length of a time delay used to control the conductive state of an solid state relay connected in series with the inductive load, and (f) during a next, third, AC half cycle of the same polarity as the first half cycle, triggering said solid state relay to the conducting state at the end of the incremented time delay.

6. The method of claim 5 wherein the AC inductive load is a three phase AC inductive load and the steps for incrementing the length of time delay used to control the conductive state of an solid state relay connected in series in each of the three input lines are performed for each line.

7. The method of claim 5 wherein during the second AC half cycle, the VAR calculation for that half cycle is conducted, with the calculated VAR value is stored as the VAR max, until such tune as the subsequent calculated VAR value is less than the previous value calculated, in which case the previous VAR max value is used during the next, third, half cycle of opposite polarity to compare to a stored reference threshold.

8. The method of claim 7 wherein during said third half cycle, difference between the referenced and VAR max is compared, and if the determined difference varies by more than a predetermined amount, then incrementing the length of the time delay used to control the conductive state of said solid state relay connected in series with the inductive load.

9. The method of claim 8 wherein during a forth, AC half cycle of the same polarity as the second half cycle, triggering said solid state relay to the conducting state at the end of the incremented time delay.

10. An apparatus for controlling the input to a three phase alternating current inductive load from a three phase power supply that comprise:

a plurality of solid state relays connected in series in each of the three input lines from the power source, the solid state relay connected in series between the power supply and the inductive load,

a plurality of voltage taps for determining a measure of the instantaneous voltage present in each of the three input lines,

a plurality of current detectors that determine the instantaneous current present in each of the three input lines; and

,

a microprocessor associated with each input line that receives a measure of the voltage and current in each of the lines, said controller used to determine a measure of the reactive power in the line with which it is associated, the microprocessor forwarding signals to a corresponding solid state relay for that input line, whereby the solid state relay when in a nonconducting state, is maintained in the non-conducting state for a subsequent period of time, wherein the length of the subsequent period of time is determined by analyzing the measure of VAR;

wherein said microprocessor includes a master controller which monitors the output from each of three dedicated microprocessors, and controls the sending of the signals to the solid state relays used to change their state from non conducting to conducting.

11. The apparatus of claim 10 further including a transformer to reduce the incoming voltage coming from the input lines, prior to a voltage signal being sent to the controller to calculate the measure of VAR.

12. The apparatus of claim 10 wherein said microprocessor determines a product of voltage and current, and for that time during which the product is negative, determines whether or not the negative product is larger or smaller than a previously determined product measure of a previous like period of time.

13. The apparatus of claim 12 where said microprocessor adjusts the length of the time in which the solid state relay is to be maintained in a non-conducing state depending upon whether the measure is larger or smaller than a previously determined measure.

14. The apparatus of claim 10 further including means for converting a signal from the controller into a signal for converting the solid state relays to the conductive state.