Oxygen enhancing membrane systems for implantable devices
First Claim
1. An electrochemical glucose sensor for determining a presence or a concentration of glucose in a fluid, the sensor comprising:
- a multilayer membrane system comprising a cell impermeable domain that is substantially impermeable to cells, a resistance domain configured to restrict a flow of the glucose therethrough, and an enzyme domain comprising an enzyme that reacts with the glucose in the fluid as it passes though the enzyme domain; and
a working electrode comprising a conductive material, wherein the working electrode is configured to measure a product of a reaction of the enzyme with the glucose,wherein the enzyme domain, the resistance domain, and the cell impermeable domain each comprise a polymer material with a higher oxygen solubility than an oxyhydrocarbon polymer and wherein each of the enzyme domain, the resistance domain, and the cell impermeable domain is configured to be permeable to the glucose.
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Abstract
The present invention relates generally to systems and methods for increasing oxygen availability to implantable devices. The preferred embodiments provide a membrane system configured to provide protection of the device from the biological environment and/or a catalyst for enabling an enzymatic reaction, wherein the membrane system includes a polymer formed from a high oxygen soluble material. The high oxygen soluble polymer material is disposed adjacent to an oxygen-utilizing source on the implantable device so as to dynamically retain high oxygen availability to the oxygen-utilizing source during oxygen deficits. Membrane systems of the preferred embodiments are useful for implantable devices with oxygen-utilizing sources and/or that function in low oxygen environments, such as enzyme-based electrochemical sensors and cell transplantation devices.
808 Citations
21 Claims
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1. An electrochemical glucose sensor for determining a presence or a concentration of glucose in a fluid, the sensor comprising:
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a multilayer membrane system comprising a cell impermeable domain that is substantially impermeable to cells, a resistance domain configured to restrict a flow of the glucose therethrough, and an enzyme domain comprising an enzyme that reacts with the glucose in the fluid as it passes though the enzyme domain; and a working electrode comprising a conductive material, wherein the working electrode is configured to measure a product of a reaction of the enzyme with the glucose, wherein the enzyme domain, the resistance domain, and the cell impermeable domain each comprise a polymer material with a higher oxygen solubility than an oxyhydrocarbon polymer and wherein each of the enzyme domain, the resistance domain, and the cell impermeable domain is configured to be permeable to the glucose. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14)
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15. An electrochemical glucose sensor for determining a presence or a concentration of glucose in a fluid, the glucose sensor comprising:
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a membrane system comprising; an enzyme domain comprising an enzyme that reacts with the glucose in the fluid as it passes through the enzyme domain; and a resistance domain configured to partially restrict a flow of the glucose therethrough, wherein the resistance domain is located more distal to the working electrode than the enzyme domain; a cell impermeable domain that is substantially impermeable to cells; and a working electrode, wherein the working electrode is configured to measure a product of a reaction of the enzyme with the glucose, wherein the resistance domain and the cell impermeable domain each comprise a silicone polymer blended with a hydrophilic polymer and are configured to be at least partially permeable to the glucose. - View Dependent Claims (16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21)
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Specification