Magnetic crash sensor

• US 7,388,370 B2
• Filed: 07/29/2006
• Issued: 06/17/2008
• Est. Priority Date: 07/29/2005
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Joyson Safety Systems Acquisition, LLC (Ningbo Junsheng Investment Group Co., Ltd.)
• Original Assignee: Automotive Systems Laboratory Systems Incorporated
• Inventors: Stonebrook, Dana A., Aoki, Hiroshi, Cech, Leonard S., Watson, W. Todd
• Primary Examiner(s): Aurora; Reena
• Assistant Examiner(s): WHITTINGTON, KENNETH
• Application Number:
  US11/460,982
• Publication Number:
  US 20070024277A1
• Time in Patent Office: 689 Days
• Field of Search: 701 45- 48, 701/1, 701/36, 340/522, 324/209, 324/228, 324/233, 324/239, 324/240, 324/207.16, 324/207.17, 280/735, 180/232
• US Class Current: 324/239
• CPC Class Codes: B60R 2021/0006 Lateral collision
• CPC Class Codes: B60R 2021/0018 Roll-over
• CPC Class Codes: B60R 21/0136 responsive to actual contact with an obstacle , e.g. to vehicle deformation, bumper displacement or bumper velocity relative to the vehicle monitoring crash strength in combination with passenger seat detection B60R21/01558
• CPC Class Codes: B60R 21/21 in vehicle side panels, e.g. doors pillar mounted arrangements B60R21/213
• CPC Class Codes: G01D 5/2013 by a movable ferromagnetic element, e.g. a core G01D5/2033 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G01D 5/202 by movable a non-ferromagnetic conductive element G01D5/2033 takes precedence

Abstract

At least one time-varying signal is applied to a plurality of coil elements in cooperative relationship with and spanning different portions of a vehicle. The coil elements generate an associated plurality of magnetic field components that interact with the vehicle. At least one detection circuit generates a detected signal responsive to signal components from the coil elements so as to provide for detecting a change in a magnetic condition of the vehicle.

Claims

1. A magnetic sensor, comprising:

a. a plurality of coil elements, wherein said plurality of coil elements comprise at least first and second coil elements, and said first and second coil elements are either separated from one another or overlapping one another;

b. at least one time-varying signal source of at least one time-varying signal operatively coupled to said plurality of coil elements, wherein said first and second coil elements are electrically in series with one another and are driven by said at least one time-varying signal source, said first coil element is adapted to generate a first magnetic field component responsive to said at least one time-varying signal, at least said second coil element of said plurality of coil elements is adapted to generate at least a second magnetic field component responsive to said at least one time-varying signal, and said first coil element and said at least said second coil element are adapted so that said first magnetic field component and said at least said second magnetic field component interact with different first and at least second portions of a first vehicle when said plurality of coil elements are in a cooperative relationship with said first vehicle; and

c. at least one detection circuit operatively coupled to said plurality of coil elements, wherein said at least one detection circuit generates a detected signal responsive to a first sensed signal component from said first coil element responsive to said first magnetic field component and responsive to at least a second sensed signal component from said at least said second coil element responsive to said at least said second magnetic field component, and said detected signal provides for detecting a change in a magnetic condition of or associated with said first vehicle.

2. A magnetic sensor as recited in claim 1, wherein said plurality of coil elements are mounted on a front or rear frame member of said first vehicle are adapted to provide for detecting a deformation of an associated bumper of said first vehicle.

3. A magnetic sensor as recited in claim 1, wherein said plurality of coil elements are electrically in series with one another so as to constitute a distributed coil.

4. A magnetic sensor as recited in claim 1, wherein said plurality of coil elements span a substantial region of a body or structural element of said first vehicle, wherein said body or structural element of said vehicle is susceptible to deformation responsive to a crash.

5. A magnetic sensor as recited in claim 1, wherein said plurality of coil elements are operatively coupled to a substrate.

6. A magnetic sensor as recited in claim 5, wherein said substrate is curved.

7. A magnetic sensor as recited in claim 5, wherein said substrate comprises a flexible material.

8. A magnetic sensor as recited in claim 5, wherein said plurality of coil elements are formed from a printed circuit board.

9. A magnetic sensor as recited in claim 5, wherein said plurality of coil elements comprise at least one winding attached to said substrate.

10. A magnetic sensor as recited in claim 1, further comprising a conductive element adapted to cooperate with at least one of said plurality of coil elements so as to provide for shaping, controlling or limiting at least one of said first magnetic field component and said at least said second magnetic field component.

11. A magnetic sensor as recited in claim 10, wherein at least a portion of said conductive element is adapted to control or mitigate against eddy currents therein.

12. A magnetic sensor as recited in claim 1, wherein said plurality of coil elements are adapted to cooperate with an air bag inflator module.

13. A magnetic sensor as recited in claim 1, wherein said air bag inflator module is adapted to deploy an air bag from a door towards an interior of said first vehicle, and said plurality of coil elements are adapted to be responsive to a deformation of a structural or exterior portion of said door.

14. A magnetic sensor as recited in claim 1, wherein said plurality of coil elements are mounted inside a door of said first vehicle and are adapted to provide for detecting a deformation of a door beam of said door.

15. A magnetic sensor as recited in claim 1, wherein said plurality of coil elements are encapsulated.

16. A magnetic sensor as recited in claim 1, wherein said at least one time-varying signal source comprises a time-varying voltage source, and said at least one detection circuit is responsive to at least one current signal through at least one of said plurality of coil elements.

17. A magnetic sensor as recited in claim 1, wherein said at least one time-varying signal source comprises a time-varying current source, and said at least one detection circuit is responsive to at least one voltage signal across at least one of said plurality of coil elements.

18. A magnetic sensor as recited in claim 1, wherein said at least one time-varying signal comprises an oscillatory waveform selected from a sinusoid waveform, a triangular ramped waveform, a triangular saw tooth waveform, and a square waveform.

19. A magnetic sensor as recited in claim 1, wherein said at least one time-varying signal comprises an oscillatory waveform comprising a plurality of different frequencies.

20. A magnetic sensor as recited in claim 1, wherein said at least one time-varying signal comprises a pulsed waveform.

21. A magnetic sensor as recited in claim 20, wherein said pulsed waveform has a shape of either a ramp, a saw tooth, an impulse or a rectangle.

22. A magnetic sensor as recited in claim 1, wherein at least one of said plurality of coil elements is driven by a first time-varying signal from a first time-varying signal source, at least another of said plurality of coil elements is driven by at least a second time-varying signal from at least a second time-varying signal source, and said first time-varying signal is different from at least one said second time-varying signal.

23. A magnetic sensor as recited in claim 1, wherein said at least one detection circuit provides for detecting different signals from different subsets of said plurality of coil elements.

24. A magnetic sensor as recited in claim 1, wherein said plurality of coil elements are adapted so as to provide for detecting a proximity of a second vehicle relative to said first vehicle.

25. A magnetic sensor as recited in claim 1, wherein said at least one detection circuit provides for detecting a complex impedance of at least one of said plurality of coil elements.

26. A magnetic sensor as recited in claim 1, wherein said plurality of coil elements are adapted so as to provide for shaping an associated magnetic field responsive to at least one magnetic-field influencing property of at least one portion of said first vehicle in proximity to said plurality of coil elements.

27. A magnetic sensor as recited in claim 1, wherein said at least one detection circuit provides for sampling in-phase and quadrature-phase signal components.

28. A magnetic sensor as recited in claim 1, wherein at least two coil elements of said plurality of coil elements each comprise substantially at least one turn.

29. A magnetic sensor as recited in claim 1, wherein at least one of said plurality of coil elements comprises a plurality of turns.

30. A magnetic sensor as recited in claim 1, wherein at least two coil elements of said plurality of coil element are of different sizes.

31. A magnetic sensor as recited in claim 30, wherein said at least one of said plurality of coil elements and said at least another of said plurality of coil elements are substantially concentric with one another.

32. A magnetic sensor as recited in claim 1, wherein at least one of said plurality of coil elements at least partially surrounds at least another of said plurality of coil elements.

33. A magnetic sensor as recited in claim 1, wherein at least one of said first and at least second portions of said first vehicle is adapted to cooperate with said at least one of said plurality of coil elements.

34. A magnetic sensor as recited in claim 33, further comprising a conductive element operatively associated with or a part of at least one of said first and at least second portions of said first vehicle so as to cooperate with said at least one of said plurality of coil elements.

35. A magnetic sensor as recited in claim 34, wherein said conductive element comprises a pattern adapted to control associated eddy currents therein.

36. A magnetic sensor as recited in claim 35, wherein said conductive element is adapted by either etching, forming or coating said pattern in or on a surface of said conductive element so as to control said eddy currents.

37. A magnetic sensor as recited in claim 33, wherein a conductive portion of at least one of said first and at least second portions of said first vehicle is adapted to control associated eddy currents therein.

38. A magnetic sensor as recited in claim 37, wherein said conductive portion comprises a pattern adapted to control said eddy currents.

39. A magnetic sensor as recited in claim 38, wherein at least a portion of said conductive portion is adapted by either etching, forming or coating said pattern in or on a surface of said conductive portion so as to control said eddy currents.

40. A magnetic sensor as recited in claim 1, wherein said plurality of coil elements are adapted so as to provide for sensing a deformation of a body portion of said first vehicle.

41. A magnetic sensor as recited in claim 40, wherein said body portion comprises either a door, a quarter-panel, a hood, a roof, a trunk, or a bumper of said first vehicle.

42. A magnetic sensor as recited in claim 1, further comprising an air bag inflator module, wherein said plurality of coil elements are mounted together with said air bag inflator module, so that when said air bag inflator module is mounted in said vehicle, said plurality of coil elements are responsive to a magnetic influence of a proximal portion of said vehicle.

43. A magnetic sensor as recited in claim 42, wherein said air bag inflator module is adapted to deploy an air bag from a door towards an interior of said vehicle, and said plurality of coil elements are adapted to be responsive to a deformation of a proximal structural or exterior portion of said door.

44. A magnetic sensor, comprising:

a. a plurality of coil elements, wherein said plurality of coil elements are operatively coupled to a substrate, and said plurality of coil elements comprise a two-dimensional array of said plurality of coil elements on said substrate;

b. at least one time-varying signal source of at least one time-varying signal operatively coupled to said plurality of coil elements, wherein a first coil element or said plurality of coil elements is adapted to generate a first magnetic field component responsive to said at least one time-varying signal, at least a second coil element of said plurality of coil elements is adapted to generate at least a second magnetic field component responsive to said at least one time-varying signal, and said first coil element and said at least said second coil element are adapted so that said first magnetic field component and said at least said second magnetic field component interact with different first and at least second portions of a vehicle when said plurality of coil elements are in a cooperative relationship with said vehicle; and

c. at least one detection circuit operatively coupled to said plurality of coil elements, wherein said at least one detection circuit generates a detected signal responsive to a first sensed signal component from said first coil element responsive to said first magnetic field component and responsive to at least a second sensed signal component from said at least said second coil element responsive to said at least said second magnetic field component, and said detected signal provides for detecting a change in a magnetic condition of or associated with said vehicle.

45. A magnetic sensor, comprising:

a. a plurality of coil elements;

b. a conductive element adapted to cooperate with at least one of said plurality of coil elements so as to provide for shaping, controlling or limiting at least one of said first magnetic field component and said at least said second magnetic field component, wherein said plurality of coil elements are operatively coupled to a first side of a substrate, and said conductive element comprises a conductive layer on a second side of said substrate, wherein said second side of said substrate is opposite to said first side of said substrate;

c. at least one time-varying signal source of at least one time-varying signal operatively coupled to said plurality of coil elements, wherein a first coil element of said plurality of coil elements is adapted to generate a first magnetic field component responsive to said at least one time-varying signal, at least a second coil element of said plurality of coil elements is adapted to generate at least a second magnetic field component responsive to said at least one time-varying signal, and said first coil element and said at least said second coil element are adapted so that said first magnetic field component and said at least said second magnetic field component interact with different first and at least second portions of a vehicle when said plurality of coil elements are in a cooperative relationship with said vehicle; and

d. at least one detection circuit operatively coupled to said plurality of coil elements, wherein said at least one detection circuit generates a detected signal responsive to a first sensed signal component from said first coil element responsive to said first magnetic field component and responsive to at least a second sensed signal component from said at least said second coil element responsive to said at least said second magnetic field component, and said detected signal provides for detecting a change in a magnetic condition of or associated with said vehicle.

46. A magnetic sensor, comprising:

a. a plurality of coil elements;

b. at least one time-varying signal source of at least one time-varying signal operatively coupled to said plurality of coil elements, wherein a first coil element of said plurality of coil elements is adapted to generate a first magnetic field component responsive to said at least one time-varying signal, at least a second coil element of said plurality of coil elements is adapted to generate at least a second magnetic field component responsive to said at least one time-varying signal, and said first coil element and said at least said second coil element are adapted so that said first magnetic field component and said at least said second magnetic field component interact with different first and at least second portions of a vehicle when said plurality of coil elements are in a cooperative relationship with said vehicle;

c. at least one detection circuit operatively coupled to said plurality of coil elements, wherein said at least one detection circuit generates a detected signal responsive to a first sensed signal component from said first coil element responsive to said first magnetic field component and responsive to at least a second sensed signal component from said at least said second coil element responsive to said at least said second magnetic field component, and said detected signal provides for detecting a change in a magnetic condition of or associated with said vehicle; and

d. a conductive element adapted to cooperate with at least one of said plurality of coil elements so as to provide for shaping, controlling or limiting at least one of said first magnetic field component and said at least said second magnetic field component, wherein said conductive element comprises a plurality of conductive portions that are electrically isolated from one another.

47. A magnetic sensor, comprising:

a. a plurality of coil elements;

b. at least one time-varying signal source of at least one time-varying signal operatively coupled to said plurality of coil elements, wherein a first coil element of said plurality of coil elements is adapted to generate a first magnetic field component responsive to said at least one time-varying signal, at least a second coil element of said plurality of coil elements is adapted to generate at least a second magnetic field component responsive to said at least one time-varying signal, and said first coil element and said at least said second coil element are adapted so that said first magnetic field component and said at least said second magnetic field component interact with different first and at least second portions of a vehicle when said plurality of coil elements are in a cooperative relationship with said vehicle; and

c. at least one detection circuit operatively coupled to said plurality of coil elements, wherein said at least one detection circuit generates a detected signal responsive to a first sensed signal component from said first coil element responsive to said first magnetic field component and responsive to at least a second sensed signal component from said at least said second coil element responsive to said at least said second magnetic field component, said detected signal provides for detecting a change in a magnetic condition of or associated with said vehicle, said at least one detection circuit provides for detecting different signals from different subsets of said plurality of coil elements, and at least two of said different subsets of said plurality of coil elements associated with at least two of said different signals are connected in series.

48. A magnetic sensor, comprising:

a. a plurality of coil elements;

b. at least one time-varying signal source of at least one time-varying signal operatively coupled to said plurality of coil elements, wherein a first coil element of said plurality of coil elements is adapted to generate a first magnetic field component responsive to said at least one time-varying signal, at least a second coil element of said plurality of coil elements is adapted to generate at least a second magnetic field component responsive to said at least one time-varying signal, and said first coil element and said at least said second coil element are adapted so that said first magnetic field component and said at least said second magnetic field component interact with different first and at least second portions of a first vehicle when said plurality of coil elements are in a cooperative relationship with said first vehicle; and

c. at least one detection circuit operatively coupled to said plurality of coil elements, wherein said at least one detection circuit generates a detected signal responsive to a first sensed signal component from said first coil element responsive to said first magnetic field component and responsive to at least a second sensed signal component from said at least said second coil element responsive to said at least said second magnetic field component, and said detected signal provides for detecting a change in a magnetic condition of or associated with said first vehicle;

d. wherein at least one of at least one geometry of said plurality of coil elements, said at least one time-varying signal, and at least one detection process is adapted so that at least one of a first condition, a second condition and a third condition is satisfied so as to provide that a first response of said at least one detection circuit to said first sensed signal component is substantially normalized with respect to at least a second response of said at least one detection circuit to said at least said second sensed signal component for a comparably significant crash or proximity stimulus or stimuli affecting said first and at least second portions of said first vehicle, wherein said first condition is satisfied if a first geometry of a said first coil element is different from at least a second geometry of said at least said second coil element, said second condition is satisfied if a first time-varying signal operatively coupled to said first coil element is different from at least a second time-varying signal operatively coupled to said at least said second coil element, and said third condition is satisfied if a first detection process of said at least one detection circuit operative on said first sensed signal component is different from at least a second detection process of said at least one detection circuit operative on said at least said second sensed signal component.

49. A magnetic sensor as recited in claim 48, wherein respective components of said detected signal are normalized with respect to corresponding respective magnitudes of said first sensed signal component and said at least said second sensed signal component.

50. A magnetic sensor as recited in claim 48, wherein respective components of said detected signal are normalized with respect to corresponding respective signal-to-noise ratios of said first sensed signal component and said at least said second sensed signal component.

51. A magnetic sensor, comprising:

a. a plurality of coil elements, wherein at least two coil elements of said plurality of coil elements comprise different numbers of turns;

b. at least one time-varying signal source of at least one time-varying signal operatively coupled to said plurality of coil elements, wherein a first coil element of said plurality of coil elements is adapted to generate a first magnetic field component responsive to said at least one time-varying signal, at least a second coil element of said plurality of coil elements is adapted to generate at least a second magnetic field component responsive to said at least one time-varying signal, and said first coil element and said at least said second coil element are adapted so that said first magnetic field component and said at least said second magnetic field component interact with different first and at least second portions of a vehicle when said plurality of coil elements are in a cooperative relationship with said vehicle; and

c. at least one detection circuit operatively coupled to said plurality of coil elements, wherein said at least one detection circuit generates a detected signal responsive to a first sensed signal component from said first coil element responsive to said first magnetic field component and responsive to at least a second sensed signal component from said at least said second coil element responsive to said at least said second magnetic field component, and said detected signal provides for detecting a change in a magnetic condition of or associated with said vehicle.

52. A magnetic sensor, comprising:

a. a plurality of coil elements, wherein said plurality of coil elements comprise at least first and second coil elements, said first and second coil elements are either separated from one another or overlapping one another, said first and second coil elements are of different sizes, said first coil element surrounds said second coil element, and said first and second coil elements are not concentric with one another;

b. at least one time-varying signal source of at least one time-varying signal operatively coupled to said plurality of coil elements, wherein said first coil element of said plurality of coil elements is adapted to generate a first magnetic field component responsive to said at least one time-varying signal, at least said second coil element of said plurality of coil elements is adapted to generate at least a second magnetic field component responsive to said at least one time-varying signal, and said first coil element and said at least said second coil element are adapted so that said first magnetic field component and said at least said second magnetic field component interact with different first and at least second portions of a vehicle when said plurality of coil elements are in a cooperative relationship with said vehicle; and

c. at least one detection circuit operatively coupled to said plurality of coil elements, wherein said at least one detection circuit generates a detected signal responsive to a first sensed signal component from said first coil element responsive to said first magnetic field component and responsive to at least a second sensed signal component from said at least said second coil element responsive to said at least said second magnetic field component, and said detected signal provides for detecting a change in a magnetic condition of or associated with said vehicle.

53. A magnetic sensor, comprising:

a. a plurality of coil elements;

b. at least one time-varying signal source of at least one time-varying signal operatively coupled to said plurality of coil elements, wherein a first coil element of said plurality of coil elements is adapted to generate a first magnetic field component responsive to said at least one time-varying signal, at least a second coil element of said plurality of coil elements is adapted to generate at least a second magnetic field component responsive to said at least one time-varying signal, said first coil element and said at least said second coil element are adapted so that said first magnetic field component and said at least said second magnetic field component interact with different first and at least second portions of a first vehicle when said plurality of coil elements are in a cooperative relationship with said first vehicle, and at least one of said first and at least second portions of said first vehicle is adapted to cooperate with said at least one of said plurality of coil elements;

c. at least one detection circuit operatively coupled to said plurality of coil elements, wherein said at least one detection circuit generates a detected signal responsive to a first sensed signal component from said first coil element responsive to said first magnetic field component and responsive to at least a second sensed signal component from said at least said second coil element responsive to said at least said second magnetic field component, and said detected signal provides for detecting a change in a magnetic condition of or associated with said first vehicle; and

d. a conductive element operatively associated with or a part of at least one of said first and at least second portions of said first vehicle so as to cooperate with said at least one of said plurality of coil elements, wherein said conductive element comprises a pattern adapted to control associated eddy currents therein, said conductive element is adapted by either etching, forming or coating said pattern in or on a surface of said conductive element so as to control said eddy currents, and said pattern is adapted to a frequency of said at least one time-varying signal.

54. A magnetic sensor, comprising:

a. a plurality of coil elements;

b. at least one time-varying signal source of at least one time-varying signal operatively coupled to said plurality of coil elements, wherein a first coil element of said plurality of coil elements is adapted to generate a first magnetic field component responsive to said at least one time-varying signal, at least a second coil element of said plurality of coil elements is adapted to generate at least a second magnetic field component responsive to said at least one time-varying signal, said first coil element and said at least said second coil element are adapted so that said first magnetic field component and said at least said second magnetic field component interact with different first and at least second portions of a first vehicle when said plurality of coil elements are in a cooperative relationship with said first vehicle, at least one of said first and at least second portions of said first vehicle is adapted to cooperate with said at least one of said plurality of coil elements, a conductive portion of at least one of said first and at least second portions of said first vehicle is adapted to control associated eddy currents therein, said conductive portion comprises a pattern adapted to control said eddy currents, at least a portion of said conductive portion is adapted by either etching, forming or coating said pattern in or on a surface of said conductive portion so as to control said eddy currents, and said pattern is adapted to a frequency of said at least one time-varying signal; and

c. at least one detection circuit operatively coupled to said plurality of coil elements, wherein said at least one detection circuit generates a detected signal responsive to a first sensed signal component from said first coil element responsive to said first magnetic field component and responsive to at least a second sensed signal component from said at least said second coil element responsive to said at least said second magnetic field component, and said detected signal provides for detecting a change in a magnetic condition of or associated with said first vehicle.

55. A magnetic sensor, comprising:

a. a plurality of coil elements;

b. at least one time-varying signal source of at least one time-varying signal operatively coupled to said plurality of coil elements, wherein a first coil element of said plurality of coil elements is adapted to generate a first magnetic field component responsive to said at least one time-varying signal, at least a second coil element of said plurality of coil elements is adapted to generate at least a second magnetic field component responsive to said at least one time-varying signal, said first coil element and said at least said second coil element are adapted so that said first magnetic field component and said at least said second magnetic field component interact with different first and at least second portions of a first vehicle when said plurality of coil elements are in a cooperative relationship with said first vehicle, and said plurality of coil elements are integrated into a trim or gasket portion of said first vehicle; and

c. at least one detection circuit operatively coupled to said plurality of coil elements, wherein said at least one detection circuit generates a detected signal responsive to a first sensed signal component from said first coil element responsive to said first magnetic field component and responsive to at least a second sensed signal component from said at least said second coil element responsive to said at least said second magnetic field component, and said detected signal provides for detecting a change in a magnetic condition of or associated with said first vehicle.

56. A magnetic sensor as recited in claim 55, wherein said trim portion comprises either a door trim portion, a body trim portion, or an interior trim portion.

57. A magnetic sensor, comprising:

a. a plurality of coil elements;

b. at least one time-varying signal source of at least one time-varying signal operatively coupled to said plurality of coil elements, wherein a first coil element of said plurality of coil elements is adapted to generate a first magnetic field component responsive to said at least one time-varying signal, at least a second coil element of said plurality of coil elements is adapted to generate at least a second magnetic field component responsive to said at least one time-varying signal, said first coil element and said at least said second coil element are adapted so that said first magnetic field component and said at least said second magnetic field component interact with different first and at least second portions of a vehicle when said plurality of coil elements are in a cooperative relationship with said vehicle;

said first coil element and said at least said second coil element are incorporated in a sensor assembly adapted mount on a edge of a door of said vehicle, and when said sensor assembly is mounted on said edge of said door, said first coil element faces an exterior of said door, and said second coil element faces an interior of said door; and

c. at least one detection circuit operatively coupled to said plurality of coil elements, wherein said at least one detection circuit generates a detected signal responsive to a first sensed signal component from said first coil element responsive to said first magnetic field component and responsive to at least a second sensed signal component from said at least said second coil element responsive to said at least said second magnetic field component, and said detected signal provides for detecting a change in a magnetic condition of or associated with said vehicle.

58. A magnetic sensor as recited in claim 57, wherein when said sensor assembly is mounted on said edge of said door, said first coil element faces a proximate pillar of said vehicle.

59. A magnetic sensor as recited in claim 57, wherein said first and second coil elements are substantially magnetically isolated from one another by a shield therebetween.

60. A method of detecting a change in a magnetic condition of a vehicle, comprising:

a. generating a first time-varying magnetic field component proximate to a first portion of the vehicle at a first location, wherein said first time-varying magnetic field component is responsive to a current through a first coil element;

b. generating at least a second time-varying magnetic field component proximate to at least one second portion of said vehicle at at least one corresponding second location, wherein said second time-varying magnetic field component is responsive to said current through a second coil element, said at least one second location is separated from said first location, and said first portion of said vehicle and said at least one second portion of said vehicle are at least partially conductive so that said first time-varying magnetic field component generates a corresponding first eddy current component in said first portion of said vehicle, and said at least one second time-varying magnetic field component generates a corresponding at least one second eddy current component in said at least one second portion of said vehicle; and

c. detecting a change in the magnetic condition of said vehicle responsive to a first signal responsive to said first eddy current component, and responsive to at least one second signal responsive to said corresponding at least one second eddy current component.