Tunable filtering of RF or microwave signals based on optical filtering in Mach-Zehnder configuration

• US 7,389,053 B1
• Filed: 01/12/2005
• Issued: 06/17/2008
• Est. Priority Date: 10/15/2003
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Oewaves Incorporated
• Original Assignee: Oewaves Incorporated
• Inventors: Ilchenko, Vladimir, Maleki, Lutfollah
• Primary Examiner(s): Vanderpuye; Kenneth N.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Lin; Phyowai
• Application Number:
  US11/035,020
• Time in Patent Office: 1,252 Days
• Field of Search: 398182-201, 398/149, 372/32, 372/28, 372/12, 372/18, 372/26, 385/2, 385/8, 385/28
• US Class Current: 398/183
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/12007 forming wavelength selective elements, e.g. multiplexer, demultiplexer
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 10/505 using external modulation
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 10/50577 to control the phase of the modulating signal
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 10/85 Protection from unauthorised access, e.g. eavesdrop protection

Abstract

Devices and techniques for achieving signal filtering in RF or microwave frequencies by optical filtering using two separate optical paths. Each optical path may include one or more optical resonators to achieve desired optical filtering.

Claims

1. A device, comprising:

a laser to produce a laser beam at a laser carrier frequency;

an optical modulator to modulate the laser beam in response to an input signal to produce a modulated laser beam that carries the input signal;

an input optical port to receive the modulated laser beam;

a first optical path coupled to the input optical port to receive a first portion of the modulated laser beam and comprising a plurality of first tunable optical resonators optically cascaded to transmit light at the laser carrier frequency through the first optical path;

a second optical path coupled to the input optical port to receive a second portion of the modulated laser beam and comprising a plurality of second tunable optical resonators optically cascaded to transmit light at a selected optical frequency different from the laser carrier frequency through the second optical path;

an output optical port coupled to the first and second optical paths to combine transmitted light from the first and second optical paths to produce an output optical beam; and

an optical detector to convert the output optical beam into an output signal carrying a signal component of the input signal at a frequency that is a difference between the optical carrier frequency and the selected optical frequency.

2. The device as in claim 1, further comprising:

a device control to control the first tunable optical resonators to lock the laser carrier frequency to optical transmission of the first tunable optical resonators and to control the second tunable optical resonators to tune the selected optical frequency relative to the laser carrier frequency.

3. The device as in claim 2, wherein the first and second tunable optical resonators support whispering gallery modes.

4. The device as in claim 2, further comprising:

a plurality of first optical tap couplers optically coupled to the first tunable optical resonators, respectively, each first optical tap coupler coupling a fraction of light out of a corresponding first tunable optical resonator;

a plurality of first optical tap detectors to receive light from the first optical tap couplers, respectively;

a plurality of second optical tap couplers optically coupled to the second tunable optical resonators, respectively, each second optical tap coupler coupling a fraction of light out of a corresponding second tunable optical resonator; and

a plurality of second optical tap detectors to receive light from the second optical tap couplers, respectively,

wherein the device control receives detector outputs from the first and second optical tap detectors and individually controls the first and second tunable optical resonators in response to the detector output.

5. The device as in claim 2, wherein the laser is a tunable laser and the device control operates to produce a control signal to tune the tunable laser when locking the laser carrier frequency to optical transmission of the first tunable optical resonators.

6. The device as in claim 1, further comprising a temperature controlled base on which the first and second tunable optical resonators are mounted.

7. The device as in claim 1, wherein each tunable optical resonator exhibits an electro-optic effect, and wherein the device control adjusts each tunable optical resonator via the electro-optic effect.

8. The device as in claim 1, wherein the first and second tunable optical resonators are identical.

17. The device as in claim 1, wherein:

two optically cascaded optical resonators that are next to each other are directly coupled to each other to transfer light without using a common optical waveguide to couple light from one resonator to another resonator.

9. A method for detecting an RF or microwave signal band carried by an optical signal, comprising:

splitting an optical carrier beam at an optical carrier frequency that is modulated to carry a plurality of RF or microwave signal bands at optical frequencies different from the optical carrier frequency into a first beam and a second beam;

directing the first beam through a first optical path having a plurality of optically cascaded first optical resonators that are in resonance at the optical carrier frequency to transmit, collectively, only light at the optical carrier frequency;

directing the second beam through a second, separate optical path having a plurality of optically cascaded second optical resonators that are in resonance at an optical frequency at which a selected RF or microwave signal band is carried to transmit, collectively, only light at the optical frequency at which the selected RF or microwave signal band is carried;

combining transmitted light from the first and second optical paths to produce an optical output; and

using an optical detector to receive the optical output to recover the selected RF or microwave signal band.

10. The method as in claim 9, further comprising:

optically monitoring light in each optical resonator; and

controlling each optical resonator according to the optical monitoring.

11. The method as in claim 10, comprising:

tapping light out of each optical resonator as a monitor signal;

measuring the monitor signal; and

controlling each optical resonator based on the measurement of the monitor signal.

12. The method as in claim 9, comprising:

controlling resonant frequencies of the optically cascaded second optical resonators, that are in resonance at the optical frequency at which the selected RF or microwave signal band is carried, to control an optical transmission spectral profile of the second optical path centered at the optical frequency at which the selected RF or microwave signal band is carried.

13. The method as in claim 12, comprising:

tapping light out of each second optical resonator as a monitor signal;

measuring the monitor signal; and

controlling each second optical resonator based on the measurement of the monitor signal to lock each second optical resonator at a respective resonant frequency to maintain the optical transmission spectral profile of the second optical path.

14. The method as in claim 9, comprising:

controlling resonant frequencies of the optically cascaded first optical resonators, that are in resonance at the optical carrier frequency, to control an optical transmission spectral profile of the first optical path centered at the optical carrier frequency.

15. The method as in claim 14, comprising:

tapping light out of each first optical resonator as a monitor signal;

measuring the monitor signal; and

controlling each first optical resonator based on the measurement of the monitor signal to lock each first optical resonator at a respective resonant frequency to maintain the optical transmission spectral profile of the first optical path.

16. The method as in claim 9, wherein:

two optically cascaded optical resonators that are next to each other are directly coupled to each other to transfer light without using a common optical waveguide to couple light from one resonator to another resonator.