Method and apparatus for fusing context data

• US 7,392,247 B2
• Filed: 12/06/2002
• Issued: 06/24/2008
• Est. Priority Date: 12/06/2002
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Google LLC (Alphabet Inc.)
• Original Assignee: International Business Machines Corporation
• Inventors: Chen, Ying, Lei, Hui, Myllymaki, Jussi P.
• Primary Examiner(s): Mofiz; Apu
• Assistant Examiner(s): Padmanabhan; Kavita
• Application Number:
  US10/314,059
• Publication Number:
  US 20040111397A1
• Time in Patent Office: 2,027 Days
• Field of Search: 707/2, 707/5, 707/6, 707/10, 707/104.1, 708/490, 709201-203, 706/52, 706/900
• US Class Current: 707/694
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 16/283 Multi-dimensional databases or data warehouses, e.g. MOLAP or ROLAP
• CPC Class Codes: G06Q 10/00 Administration; Management
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 707/99935 Query augmenting and refining, e.g. inexact access

Abstract

A context fusing system and methodology includes the steps of receiving context data from a plurality of information sources; computing a quality measure for each input context value; organizing context values into one or more clusters, and assigning a single context value and a single quality measure to each cluster; and, selecting one or more clusters according to one or more criteria and aggregating the context values and quality measures of selected clusters to generate a single context value and single quality measure. The single context value and single quality measure are usable by a context aware application to avoid conflict and ambiguity among different information sources providing the context data.

Claims

1. A method for fusing context data comprising the steps of:

(a) receiving context data including one or more context values from a plurality of information sources;

(b) computing a quality measure for each context value;

(c) organizing context values into one or more clusters, at least one of the clusters having a plurality of context values, and assigning a single context value and a single quality measure to each of said clusters;

(d) selecting one or more clusters from said clusters according to one or more criteria; and

(e) aggregating the assigned single context values and quality measures of said selected one or more clusters to generate a single representative context value and single representative quality measure,

wherein said single representative context value and single representative quality measure are usable by a context aware application to avoid conflict and ambiguity among different information sources providing said context data,

further comprising the steps of guiding clustering, selecting and aggregating operations used in generating said single representative context value, said guiding performed according to a respective clustering policy, selection policy, and aggregation policy,

wherein a selection policy implements a step of selecting according to sum of areas of all context values divided by minimum bounding box of all context values in the cluster.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein prior to said computing step b), the further step of receiving attributes of the context data from sources, said sources including a sensor device.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein said step b) of computing a quality measure for each input context value includes one or more of:

accounting for attributes associated with the context data, or attributes associated with a sensor device or source providing said context data.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein said attributes associated with context data include a timestamp associated with context value, said timestamp indicating one or more of:

when a context value data is sensed or created, when a context value is last modified, or when said context value expires; and

said attributes associated with context data further including a sensor-asserted confidence in the context data.

5. The method of claim 3, wherein attributes associated with a sensor device include a user-perceived confidence in the sensor device or source providing the context data.

6. The method of claim 1, further including the step of maintaining default clustering, selection and aggregation policies, said clustering, selecting and aggregating operations being automatically selected.

7. The method of claim 1, further including the step of enabling a user to specify said clustering, selection and aggregation policies used for guiding said clustering, selecting and aggregating operations.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein a clustering policy implements steps of:

assigning context values into groups; and

for each group, combining context values of that group into said single representative context value, and combining quality measures of that group into said single representative quality measure.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein a clustering policy step of combining context values of a cluster into said single representative context value includes determining a context value having best quality measure.

10. The method of claim 8, wherein said context values represent shape values, the step of combining context values of a cluster into said single representative context value includes determining an intersection of said shape values.

11. The method of claim 8, wherein said context values represent shape values, said step of combining context values of a cluster into said single representative context value includes step of computing the center of gravity of said shape values.

12. The method of claim 8, wherein the step of combining quality measures of a cluster into said single representative quality measure includes determining a maximum quality measure value.

13. The method of claim 8, wherein a clustering policy step of combining context values of a cluster into said single representative context value includes computing an average context value.

14. The method of claim 8, wherein a clustering policy step of combining context values of a cluster into said single representative context value includes computing an average context value wherein the average context value is weighted by a quality measure.

15. The method of claim 8, wherein said context values represent point values, said step of combining context values of a cluster into said single representative context value includes step of computing the center of gravity of said point values.

16. The method of claim 8, wherein the step of combining quality measures of a cluster into said single representative quality measure includes determining a minimum quality measure value.

17. The method of claim 8, wherein the step of combining quality measures of a cluster into said single representative quality measure includes determining a quality measure associated with a context value representative of the cluster.

18. The method of claim 8, wherein the step of combining quality measures of a cluster into said single representative quality measure includes computing an average quality measure value.

19. The method of claim 1, wherein a selection policy implements a step of selecting according to.

20. The method of claim 1, wherein a selection policy implements a step of selecting according to one or more of:

the desired number of selections; and

a minimum threshold quality measure.

21. The method of claim 1, wherein said context values are point values, an aggregation policy for guiding aggregating of context values and quality measures of selected clusters to generate said single representative context value and said single representative quality measure including the step computing an average context value.

22. The method of claim 21, wherein said computed average context value is weighted according to a quality measure.

23. The method of claim 1, wherein said context values includes a belief value representing a context source'"'"'s belief of the quality of a state of a single subject represented in a context value.

24. The method of claim 1, wherein a selection policy implements a step of selecting according to cluster quality.

25. The method of claim 1, wherein a selection policy implements a step of selecting according to size of bounding box of all context values in the cluster.

26. The method of claim 1, wherein an aggregation policy for guiding aggregating of context values and quality measures of selected clusters to generate said single representative context value and said single representative quality measure includes determining a context value with best quality.