Method and system for improved reliability in storage devices

• US 7,395,452 B2
• Filed: 09/24/2004
• Issued: 07/01/2008
• Est. Priority Date: 09/24/2004
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Microsoft Technology Licensing LLC (Microsoft Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Microsoft Corporation
• Inventors: Westerinen, William J., Nicholson, Clark D.
• Primary Examiner(s): Puente; Emerson C
• Application Number:
  US10/949,154
• Publication Number:
  US 20060069870A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,376 Days
• Field of Search: 714/14, 714/22
• US Class Current: 714/22
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 1/30 Means for acting in the event of power-supply failure or interruption, e.g. power-supply fluctuations for resetting only G06F1/24
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 11/1441 Resetting or repowering
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 11/2015 Redundant power supplies power supply failure G06F1/30
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 12/0804 with main memory updating G06F12/0806 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 12/0866 for peripheral storage systems, e.g. disk cache
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 12/0888 using selective caching, e.g. bypass
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 2212/222 Non-volatile memory
• CPC Class Codes: Y02D 10/00 Energy efficient computing, e.g. low power processors, power management or thermal management

Abstract

A method of preventing data loss in a data storage system includes supplying write data to a high speed volatile write buffer and supplying electrical power from an energy storage device upon detection of a primary power loss event. The backup electrical power is supplied to the write buffer and nonvolatile cache. Under backup power, the write data is transferred into the nonvolatile cache and the backup power is removed. Upon regaining main power, a data presence indication triggers a transfer of the write data from the nonvolatile cache to the long term storage media. The method may be implemented for a system to protect it from inadvertent power losses or it may implemented in a system where the long term storage device is power cycled to save power. The energy storage device is not necessarily needed in the power cycled system unless power failure protection is also desired.

Claims

1. A method of preventing data loss during a voluntary disk drive power loss event and an involuntary primary power loss event, the method comprising:

supplying write data from a host computer into a volatile write buffer;

transferring the write data directly from the volatile write buffer to a disk drive while disk drive power is present;

maintaining charge in an energy storage device;

supplying electrical power from the energy storage device upon detection of the involuntary primary power loss event, wherein the electrical power is supplied to at least the volatile write buffer and nonvolatile cache to save the write data to the non-volatile cache in an occurrence of the involuntary primary power loss event;

otherwise, moving the write data from volatile buffer into the nonvolatile cache during the voluntary disk drive power loss event while continuing to accept incoming data to the volatile buffer from the host computer;

transferring the write data from the nonvolatile cache to the disk drive upon cessation of the voluntary disk drive power loss event, whereby loss of the write data is prevented while the disk drive is temporarily powered down; and

wherein data flowing from the volatile write buffer directly into the disk drive bypasses the non-volatile cache while disk drive power is present.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein supplying write data into a write buffer comprises supplying data from a host processor interface.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein maintaining charge in an energy storage device comprises maintaining an electrical charge in one or more of a battery and a capacitor, wherein the energy storage device is charged while primary power is available.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein supplying the electrical power from the energy storage device upon detection of a primary power loss event comprises circuitry to simultaneously apply the electrical power from the energy storage device while the primary power is falling below a threshold level.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein supplying the electrical power further comprises supplying power to a state machine that acts to move the write data from the write buffer to the nonvolatile cache.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein supplying electrical power from the energy storage device upon detection of a primary power loss event further comprises detecting write data in at least one of the volatile buffer and the nonvolatile cache.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein moving the write data from volatile buffer into the nonvolatile cache during the primary power loss event further comprises detecting write data in the volatile buffer before the move.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein transferring the write data from the nonvolatile cache to long term storage media upon cessation of the primary power loss event further comprises detecting write data in the nonvolatile cache before transferring the write data.

9. The method of claim 1, further comprising reserving enough memory space in the nonvolatile cache to hold the write data.

10. The method of claim 1, wherein moving the write data comprises moving write buffer data and associated addresses into nonvolatile cache.

11. The method of claim 1, wherein transferring the write data comprises transferring the write data into physical address locations in long term storage after the primary power is restored.

12. The method of claim 1, wherein supplying electrical power from the energy storage device upon detection of a primary power loss event further comprises supplying the electrical power wherein the primary power loss event is one of a planned shutdown to save overall system power and an unplanned primary power failure.

13. A system for saving data during a power loss, the system comprising:

a write data interface that supplies write data from a host computer to be written into long term storage media;

a volatile write buffer for accepting the write data from the data interface;

a nonvolatile cache to store the write data at least during a power loss;

an energy storage device for delivering backup power during an involuntary loss of a primary power source; and

a controller for controlling the flow of the write data during normal powered operations, during a loss of primary power, and during a voluntary power loss of the disk drive, wherein;

during the normal powered operations, data from the volatile write buffer flows directly into the long term storage media and bypasses the non-volatile cache while primary power is present;

during the voluntary power loss of the disk drive, the controller configures the system to store constantly incoming write data from the host computer into the volatile write buffer and transfers the stored constantly incoming write data from the volatile write buffer to the nonvolatile cache; and

during the involuntary loss of primary power, the controller routes backup power to at least the volatile write buffer and nonvolatile cache and transfers the write data such that any write data residing in the volatile write buffer upon primary power loss is moved to the nonvolatile cache.

14. The system of claim 13, wherein the write data interface comprises at least one of a host bus interface and an input/output (I/O) interface that supplies data to be written into long term storage media.

15. The system of claim 13, wherein the volatile write buffer comprises high speed volatile solid state memory.

16. The system of claim 13, wherein a nonvolatile cache comprises nonvolatile solid state storage having a capacity to store at least the contents of the volatile write buffer.

17. The system of claim 13, wherein the energy storage device is at least one of a battery and a capacitor that can deliver backup power long enough to transfer the write data from the volatile write buffer to the nonvolatile cache after loss of primary power.

18. The system of claim 13, wherein the controller comprises a state machine for conducting the transfer of write data to the nonvolatile cache after primary power loss and for conducting the transfer of the write data to the long term storage after primary power is restored.

19. A method of preventing data loss, the method comprising:

supplying write data from a host computer into a write buffer;

transferring the write data in the write buffer directly into a target disk storage device and bypassing non-volatile cache while power is supplied to the target disk storage device;

moving the write data into the nonvolatile cache upon detection that the target disk storage device has been power cycled off, wherein the host computer continues to supply write data while the target storage device has been powered off; and

transferring the write data from the nonvolatile cache to the target disk storage device upon detection that the target disk storage device has been power cycled on whereby loss of the write data is prevented during a power cycle event.

20. The method of claim 19, further comprising:

maintaining charge in an energy storage device;

supplying electrical power from the energy storage device upon detection of a primary power loss event, wherein the electrical power is supplied to at least the write buffer and the nonvolatile cache; and

moving the write data into the nonvolatile cache during the primary power loss event.

21. A system for protecting data, the system comprising:

a write data interface connected to a host computer that supplies write data to be written to a disk storage device;

a volatile write buffer for accepting the write data from the data interface;

a nonvolatile cache to store the write data at least during a power cycling off event of the disk storage device, wherein the host computer continues to supply write data during the power cycling off event of the disk storage device, and wherein the nonvolatile cache is bypassed by flowing the write data directly from the volatile buffer to the disk storage device when power is supplied to the disk storage device; and

means for;

detecting at least one of a power cycling off event and presence of write data in the volatile write buffer;

transferring the write data from the volatile write buffer to the nonvolatile cache; and

detecting a power cycling on event and transferring the write data in the nonvolatile cache to the disk storage device.

22. The system of claim 21, further comprising:

an energy storage device for delivering backup power during a loss of a primary power source;

wherein the controller routes backup power to at least the volatile write buffer and nonvolatile cache and transfers write data from the write buffer to the nonvolatile cache after detection of the loss of a primary power source.

23. The system of claim 21, wherein the means for at least one of detecting power cycling off event, detecting presence of write data in the volatile write buffer, transferring the write data, and detecting a power cycling on event comprises at least one of an integrated controller and a state machine.