Continuously variable transmission

• US 7,396,209 B2
• Filed: 01/05/2005
• Issued: 07/08/2008
• Est. Priority Date: 02/28/2003
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Fallbrook Intellectual Property Company LLC (Fallbrook Technologies Incorporated)
• Original Assignee: Fallbrook Technologies Incorporated
• Inventors: Allen, David J., Smithson, Robert A., Miller, Donald C.
• Primary Examiner(s): Nguyen; Ninh H
• Application Number:
  US11/030,627
• Publication Number:
  US 20050178893A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,280 Days
• Field of Search: 415/122.1, 415/124.1, 415/104, 416/170.R, 475/189, 475/196, 475/215, 476/36, 476/37, 476/38
• US Class Current: 416/170.00R
• CPC Class Codes: B62M 11/04 of changeable ratio
• CPC Class Codes: B62M 11/14 with planetary gears
• CPC Class Codes: B62M 9/08 involving eccentrically- mounted or elliptically-shaped driving or driven wheel; with expansible driving or driven wheel
• CPC Class Codes: F16H 15/28 with external friction surface
• CPC Class Codes: F16H 15/40 in which two members co-operative by means of balls, or rollers of uniform effective diameter, not mounted on shafts
• CPC Class Codes: F16H 15/50 Gearings providing a continuous range of gear ratios
• CPC Class Codes: F16H 15/503 in which two members co-operate by means of balls or rollers of uniform effective diameter, not mounted on shafts
• CPC Class Codes: F16H 15/52 in which a member of uniform effective diameter mounted on a shaft may co-operate with different parts of another member
• CPC Class Codes: F16H 2037/088 Power split variators with summing differentials, with the input of the CVT connected or connectable to the input shaft
• CPC Class Codes: F16H 2037/101 Power split variators with one differential at each end of the CVT
• CPC Class Codes: F16H 37/084 at least one power path being a continuously variable transmission, i.e. CVT
• CPC Class Codes: F16H 37/0853 CVT using friction between rotary members having a first member of uniform effective diameter cooperating with different parts of a second member
• CPC Class Codes: F16H 37/086 CVT using two coaxial friction members cooperating with at least one intermediate friction member
• CPC Class Codes: F16H 61/6649 characterised by the means for controlling the torque transmitting capability of the gearing
• CPC Class Codes: F16H 63/067 mechanical actuating means
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 29/49464 Assembling of gear into force transmitting device
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 408/65 Means to drive tool

Abstract

A variable speed transmission having a plurality of tilting balls and opposing input and output discs is illustrated and described that provides an infinite number of speed combinations over its transmission ratio range. The use of a planetary gear set allows minimum speeds to be in reverse and the unique geometry of the transmission allows all of the power paths to be coaxial, thereby reducing overall size and complexity of the transmission in comparison to transmissions achieving similar transmission ratio ranges.

Claims

1. A helicopter comprising:

a plurality of blades adapted to provide lift and propulsion to the helicopter;

a planetary gearset mounted on a shaft, the shaft defining a longitudinal axis;

a variator comprising;

a plurality of balls, each ball having a tiltable axis about which it rotates;

a first disc in contact with the balls;

a second disk in contact with the balls; and

an idler in contact with the balls;

a shaft operationally connected to the idler and adapted to receive a torque from the idler and to transmit the torque out of the variator;

wherein the variator is mounted coaxially with the planetary gearset along the longitudinal axis; and

wherein the planetary gearset is operationally coupled to the variator.

2. The helicopter of claim 1, further comprising a power source operationally coupled to the power train.

3. The helicopter of claim 2, wherein the power source comprises an electric motor.

4. The helicopter of claim 1, wherein the planetary gearset comprises:

a ring gear mounted coaxially about the longitudinal axis;

a plurality of planet gears in engagement with the ring gear, each planet gear having a planet shaft about which the planet gear rotates;

a sun gear mounted coaxially about the longitudinal axis and adapted to support and position the planet shafts.

5. The helicopter of claim 4, wherein the planet carrier is operationally coupled to a drive shaft.

6. The helicopter of claim 5, wherein the drive shaft receives an input torque from a sprocket, gear, or crank that is operationally coupled to a prime mover.

7. The helicopter of claim 4, further comprising a cage adapted to align the tiltable axes of the balls and to maintain the angular and radial positions of the balls.

8. The helicopter of claim 7, wherein the cage is nonrotatable.

9. The helicopter of claim 7, wherein the cage is adapted to rotate about the longitudinal axis.

10. The helicopter of claim 7, wherein the idler or the cage provides a torque input to the planetary gearset.

11. The helicopter of claim 7, wherein the planet carrier receives an input torque and is coupled to the first disc, wherein the sun gear is coupled to the cage, wherein the ring gear is fixed and does not rotate, and wherein the variator supplies an output torque via the second disc.

12. The helicopter of claim 4, further comprising a force generator adapted to generate an axial force that increases the traction between the first and second discs, the balls, and the idler.

13. The helicopter of claim 12, wherein the force generator produces an amount of axial force that is a function of a transmission ratio of the variator.

14. The helicopter of claim 1, further comprising shift guide sleeves operationally coupled to the idler.

15. The helicopter of claim 14, further comprising a shifting mechanism that shifts the transmission by axially moving the guide sleeves.

16. The helicopter of claim 1, further comprising

a force generator that comprises:

a third disc having a threaded bore;

a first set of ramps operably coupled to the third disc near and outer diameter of the third disc;

a plurality of bearings adapted to engage the first set of ramps; and

a second set of ramps, the second set of ramps operably coupled to the first disc and adapted to engage the bearings.

17. The helicopter of claim 16, the force generator further comprising:

a rotatable screw adapted to engage the threaded bore;

a third set of ramps, the third set of ramps operably coupled to the screw; and

a fourth set of ramps, the fourth set of ramps operably coupled to the first disc and adapted to engage the third set of ramps.

18. The helicopter of claim 17, the force generator further comprising:

a thrust bearing contacting the screw; and

a linkage assembly adapted to apply a force to the thrust bearing tending to move the screw away from the first disc in response to a shift in the transmission ratio.

19. The helicopter of claim 18, wherein in response to a shift in the transmission ratio the linkage assembly varies the axial force applied to the thrust bearing as a function of the transmission ratio.