Method for combustion synthesis of fullerenes
First Claim
1. A method comprising:
- introducing carbon-containing fuel and oxidant at an introduction location into a primary chamber so that said fuel and said oxidant react to produce first combustion products, said first combustion products and unreacted residue being mixed using a non-turbulent flow and reacted with incoming carbon-containing fuel and oxidant and/or any newly formed combustion products and/or unreacted residue, thereby forming a combustion mixture; and
introducing said combustion mixture into a secondary chamber to produce fullerenic products by combustion.
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Abstract
A mod of combustion and a multi-component reactor to accomplish this mode of combustion are disclosed which produces fullerenes and fullerenic material by combustion. This mode consists of de-coupling an oxidation region of a flame from a post-flame region, thus giving greater control over operating parameters, such as equivalence ratio, temperature, and pressure; allows conditions of the operating parameters of the combustion reaction to be attained which would not be easily attained by conventional methods; and offers the ability to more easily stabilize the combustion reactions to allow for higher throughputs of fuel and oxidant. Several embodiments of a primary zone of a multicomponent reactor are also disclosed. Said primary zone serves as the oxidation region, operates on the principle of providing recycle to the reacting combustion mixture, and which may be operated as approximately a well-mixed reactor. A secondary zone is also disclosed which provides further residence time for reaction and the ability to control operating parameters, operates on the principle of minimizing recycle of the reacting combustion mixture. The secondary zone may be operated as approximately a plug-flow reactor. The primary and secondary zones may be operated in conjunction or either one alone.
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Citations
59 Claims
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1. A method comprising:
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introducing carbon-containing fuel and oxidant at an introduction location into a primary chamber so that said fuel and said oxidant react to produce first combustion products, said first combustion products and unreacted residue being mixed using a non-turbulent flow and reacted with incoming carbon-containing fuel and oxidant and/or any newly formed combustion products and/or unreacted residue, thereby forming a combustion mixture; and introducing said combustion mixture into a secondary chamber to produce fullerenic products by combustion. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39)
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40. A method comprising:
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introducing carbon-containing fuel and oxidant at an introduction location into a primary chamber so that said fuel and said oxidant react to produce first combustion products, thereby forming a combustion mixture; introducing said combustion mixture into a secondary chamber; and allowing constituents of said combustion mixture in said secondary chamber to undergo reactions to produce second combustion products comprising fullerenic products and other material, wherein said second combustion products flow through said secondary chamber without substantial mixing between material from different regions corresponding to different residence times in said secondary chamber to produce fullerenic products. - View Dependent Claims (41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59)
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Specification