Proton beam therapy control system

• US 7,398,309 B2
• Filed: 12/10/2001
• Issued: 07/08/2008
• Est. Priority Date: 12/08/2000
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: LOMA Linda University Medical Center (Mission Healthcare Services LLC)
• Original Assignee: LOMA Linda University Medical Center (Mission Healthcare Services LLC)
• Inventors: Baumann, Michael A., Bakir, Julide, Salem, Dana, Armon, Deganit, Beloussov, Alexandre V., Olsen, Howard B.
• Primary Examiner(s): Najjar; Saleh
• Assistant Examiner(s): Lazaro; David
• Application Number:
  US10/433,817
• Publication Number:
  US 20040098445A1
• Time in Patent Office: 2,402 Days
• Field of Search: 709/201, 709/202, 709/224, 709/223, 702/188, 700/65, 2504921-4923, 250/505.1, 250/492.23, 714/2, 714/30, 714/31, 714/44, 714/47, 714/48
• US Class Current: 709/224
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 2005/1074 Details of the control system, e.g. user interfaces
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 2005/1087 Ions; Protons
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 5/10 X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy A61N5/01 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 5/1079 Sharing a beam by multiple treatment stations
• CPC Class Codes: G16H 40/63 for local operation
• CPC Class Codes: G16Z 99/00 Subject matter not provided for in other main groups of this subclass
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 67/12 specially adapted for proprietary or special-purpose networking environments, e.g. medical networks, sensor networks, networks in vehicles or remote metering networks
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 67/60 Scheduling or organising the servicing of application requests, e.g. requests for application data transmissions using the analysis and optimisation of the required network resources admission control or resource allocation H04L47/70
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 69/329 in the application layer [OSI layer 7]

Abstract

A tiered communications architecture for managing network traffic in a distributed system. Communication between client or control computers and a plurality of hardware devices is administered by agent and monitor devices whose activities are coordinated to reduce the number of open channels or sockets. The communications architecture also improves the transparency and scalability of the distributed system by reducing network mapping dependence. The architecture is desirably implemented in a proton beam therapy system to provide flexible security policies which improve patent safety and facilitate system maintenance and development.

Claims

1. A communications system for managing communications in a proton beam therapy device, the system comprising:

a treatment station having a plurality of hardware subsystems used to direct a calibrated and aligned beam towards a patient isocenter;

one or more host applications used to monitor and control the operation of the treatment station;

one or more functional components comprising the hardware subsystems associated with the operation of the treatment station wherein the functional component includes one or more proctors that monitors the hardware subsystems wherein the proctor monitors the hardware subsystem independent of the operation of the one or more host applications and implements corrective action without the host applications being active;

an agent connected to each host application using a single client data channel per host application, the agent further connected to each functional component by a monitor data channel wherein the agent performs routing operations between each host application and the functional components such that each host application can communicate with each functional component using the single client data channel thereby reducing the number of total channels required in the communications system and improving scalability.

2. The communications system of claim 1 wherein each functional component further comprises a monitor which acts as a communications proxy for the functional component and is used to receive communications from the host applications through the agent and transform the communications into instructions that are executed by the hardware subsystems associated with the functional component to calibrate and align the radiation beam.

3. The communications system of claim 2 wherein the monitor further comprises the proctor which assesses the operational parameters of the hardware subsystems, determines if they are within safety tolerances, and performs one or more safety measures if the operational parameters exceed the safety tolerances.

4. The communication system of claim 3, wherein the safety measures performed by the proctor include disabling the hardware subsystems of the functional component to prevent the beam from irradiating the patient isocenter.

5. The communication system of claim 3, wherein the safety measures performed by the proctor include forwarding a status indicator to the host application notifying the host application that the operational parameters of the hardware subsystems have exceeded safety tolerances.

6. The communications system of claim 1 wherein the functional component of the proton beam therapy device comprises a beam transport system used to manage and monitor the redirection of the beam from a beam source to the patient isocenter.

7. The communications system of claim 1 wherein the functional component of the proton beam therapy device comprises a power system used to manage and monitor the power supplied to the treatment station to generate the beam.

8. The communications system of claim 1 wherein the functional component of the proton beam therapy device comprises a logging system used to monitor and log the operational parameters of the proton beam therapy device.

9. The communications system of claim 1 wherein the functional component of the proton beam therapy device comprises a safety system used to monitor the operational parameters of the treatment station and to disengage the beam should the operational parameters exceed a safety threshold.

10. The communications system of claim 1 wherein communication between the host applications and the functional components comprises issuing instructions from the host applications which direct the hardware subsystems of the treatment station and subsequently forwarding operational information back to the host application to allow monitoring of the hardware subsystems.

11. The communications system of claim 10 wherein the agent provides substantially transparent routing of the communications between the host applications and the functional components whereby the host application is not required to be aware of the location of the functional component within the proton beam therapy system.

12. The communications system of claim 10 wherein the agent receives hardware subsystem specific communications from the host application and routes the communications to the appropriate functional component without the requirement that the host application know the address of the functional component within the proton beam therapy system.

13. The communications system of claim 10 wherein the monitor relays information generated by execution of the instructions on the hardware subsystems to the agent which forwards this information back to the host application in a substantially transparent manner.

14. The communications system of claim 1 wherein the agent further incorporates a security function that identifies one or more allowed host applications and routes instructions to the functional component only when the host application is identified as having the appropriate permission to do so.

15. The communication system of claim 1, wherein the host application further comprises a user interface which through which a user inputs the instructions to control or monitor one of more of the plurality of hardware devices and further receives information from one or more of the plurality of hardware devices indicative of their operational status.

16. The communication system of claim 1, wherein the host application comprises a user interface which through which a user inputs the instructions to control or monitor one of more of the plurality of hardware devices and further receives information from one or more of the plurality of hardware devices indicative of the results of the instructions.

17. The communication system of claim 1, wherein the client comprises a brain controller used to coordinate activities of one or more of the hardware devices.

18. The communications system of claim 17, wherein the brain controller comprises a hind-brain component which monitors one or more hardware devices within the proton beam therapy device.

19. The communications system of claim 17, wherein the brain controller comprises a fore-brain component which controls the one or more hardware devices within the proton beam therapy device.

20. The communications system of claim 17, wherein the brain controller is used to aggregate the plurality of hardware devices into a meta-device representative of a coordinated hardware functional domain.

21. The communications system of claim 17, wherein the brain controller operates in an autonomous manner without requiring substantial user input.

22. The communications system of claim 1, wherein the proton beam therapy device comprises a plurality of treatment stations whose functional components are integrated by the agent device such that control and administration of the treatment stations can be centrally coordinated.

23. The communications system of claim 1, wherein the total number of data channels in the communications system grows with a substantially constant complexity as additional clients are integrated into the communications system.

24. The communications system of claim 23, wherein integration of additional host applications and functional components into the proton beam therapy device is facilitated by the substantially constant complexity of growth.

25. A tiered communication architecture for a proton beam therapy device comprising a distributed network which provides substantially transparent communications between one or more host applications and a plurality of hardware devices associated with the generation and alignment of a radiation beam used to treat a patient, the architecture comprising;

an agent device connected to each application and to each hardware device through a plurality of discrete data channels such that a single data channel between the host application and the agent allows communications between the host application and the plurality of hardware devices wherein the agent routes communications between the host application and the plurality of hardware devices through the single data channel thereby reducing the number of data channels required in the distributed network and improving network scalability;

a monitor component associated with each hardware device used to receive instructions from the host application routed through the agent and transform the instructions into a hardware recognized form that are subsequently executed on the hardware device, the monitor component further used to receive an information response from the hardware device and forward the information response back to the host application through agent; and

a proctor component resident in the monitor component which evaluates the information response obtained from the hardware device and identifies anomalous hardware behavior and further issues one or more safety measures when anomalous hardware behavior is detected wherein the proctor component monitors the hardware device independent of the operation of the one or more host applications and implements corrective action without the one or more host applications being active.

26. The tiered communication architecture of claim 25 wherein the reduced channel set permits communication between each host application and the plurality of hardware devices by determining the destination hardware device for which a particular instruction issued by the host application is intended and thereafter routes the instruction through the appropriate channel to the destination hardware device without the host application having specific knowledge of where the hardware device is located in the distributed network.

27. The tiered communication architecture of claim 25 wherein the reduced channel set permits communication between the plurality of hardware devices and each host application by determining the host application for which a particular information response issued by the destination hardware device is intended and thereafter routing the information response through the appropriate channel to the host application without the destination hardware device having specific knowledge of where the host application is located in the distributed network.

28. The tiered communication architecture of claim 25 wherein the proctor component identifies anomalous hardware behavior as deviations from desired tolerances or operational ranges for the hardware devices.

29. The tiered communication architecture of claim 25 wherein the anomalous hardware behavior is identified by evaluating a critical variable contained in the information response.

30. The tiered communication architecture of claim 29 wherein the anomalous hardware behavior is identified when the critical variable exceeds a normal value by a maximum tolerance or threshold.

31. The tiered communication architecture of claim 29 wherein the anomalous hardware behavior is identified as an adverse trend where the moving average of the deviation of the critical variable will exceed a normal value in a certain time interval.

32. The tiered communication architecture of claim 29 wherein the critical variable comprises a ring energy variable.

33. The tiered communication architecture of claim 29 wherein the critical variable comprises a power supply output variable.

34. The tiered communication architecture of claim 29 wherein the critical variable comprises a magnetic field strength variable.

35. The tiered communication architecture of claim 29 wherein the critical variable comprises a delivered dose variable.

36. The tiered communication architecture of claim 25 the safety measure issued by the proctor comprises halting the operation one or more of the plurality of hardware devices associated with generating the radiation beam.

37. The tiered communication architecture of claim 25 wherein the safety measure issued by the proctor comprises forwarding a warning to the host application.

38. The tiered communication architecture of claim 25 wherein the safety measure issued by the proctor comprises logging or reporting the anomalous behavior to the host application.

39. The tiered communications system of claim 25, wherein the number of data channels within the distributed network grows with a substantially constant complexity as additional host applications are integrated into the proton beam therapy device.

40. The tiered communications system of claim 39, wherein the substantially constant growth in network complexity in the proton beam therapy device arises as a result of each host application and each hardware device being connected by a single data channel thereby facilitating integration of additional host applications into the proton beam therapy device.

41. The tiered communications system of claim 25, wherein the number of data channels within the distributed network grows with a constant complexity as additional hardware devices are integrated into the proton beam therapy device.

42. The tiered communications system of claim 39, wherein the substantially constant growth in network complexity in the proton beam therapy device arises as a result of each host application and each hardware device being connected by a single data channel thereby facilitating integration of additional hardware devices into the proton beam therapy device.

43. A tiered communications system for managing communications in a distributed network, the system comprising:

a client connected to the distributed network and configured to transmit instructions to a plurality of hardware devices through a single channel, wherein the client and the plurality of hardware devices are part of a proton beam therapy system;

an agent connected to the client through the distributed network and further connected to the plurality of hardware devices such that each hardware device is connected to the agent by a single channel wherein the agent receives the instructions transmitted by the client, identifies a destination hardware device for which the instruction is intended, and routes the instruction to the destination hardware device through an appropriate channel thereby reducing the number of channels required in the distributed network and improving network scalability;

a monitor associated with the destination hardware device and further connected to the distributed network which receives the instruction routed by the agent, identifies a hardware-recognizable command associated with the instruction, and thereafter issues the hardware-recognizable command to the destination hardware device for subsequent execution; and

a proctor which monitors the destination hardware device independent of the operation of the client and implements corrective action without the client being activated.

44. The tiered communication system of claim 43, wherein the agent possesses a dual-proxy functionality comprising a monitor proxy used to mediate communications with one or more monitors and a client proxy used to mediate communications with one or more clients such that communications in the distributed network are routed in a substantially transparent manner.

45. The tiered communication system of claim 43, wherein the agent module further incorporates a security function that identifies one or more allowed clients and routes instructions to the destination hardware device only when the client is identified as having the appropriate permission to do so.

46. The tiered communication system of claim 43, wherein the monitor module further comprises:

a communications proxy that receives the instructions routed by the agent;

a command processor that interprets the received instructions by parsing and checking the syntax of the instructions;

the proctor which monitors the performance and operating parameters of the destination hardware device; and

a hardware abstraction layer used to transform the instructions into hardware-recognized commands which are received by the destination hardware device for subsequent execution.

47. The tiered communication system of claim 46, wherein the destination hardware device receives the hardware-recognized commands from the hardware abstraction layer of the monitor, executes the command, and returns operational information corresponding to the executed commands to the monitor for processing by the proctor and forwarding to the client through the agent.

48. The tiered communication system of claim 47, wherein the proctor receives the operational information from the destination hardware device and evaluates its current operation.

49. The tiered communication system of claim 47, wherein the proctor performs one or more safety measures when the current operation of the destination hardware device is determined to be anomalous.

50. The tiered communication system of claim 49, wherein the safety measures include disabling the destination hardware device.

51. The tiered communication system of claim 49, wherein the safety measures include forwarding a status indicator to the client.

52. The tiered communication system of claim 49, wherein the current operation of the destination hardware device is determined to anomalous when the destination hardware device is operating outside of normal operational parameters.

53. The tiered communication system of claim 49, wherein the current operation of the destination hardware device is determined to anomalous when the destination hardware device is malfunctioning or non-operational.

54. The tiered communication system of claim 49, wherein the current operation of the destination hardware device is determined to anomalous when a trend in the current operation of the destination hardware device indicates that it will be operating outside of normal operational parameters at a future time point.

55. The tiered communication system of claim 46, wherein the agent comprises a control component or application used to monitor the operation of at least one of the plurality of hardware devices.

56. The tiered communication system of claim 46, wherein the client comprises a user interface which through which a user inputs the instruction to control or monitor one of more of the plurality of hardware devices and further receives information from one or more of the plurality of hardware devices indicative of their operational status.

57. The tiered communication system of claim 46, wherein the client comprises a user interface which through which a user inputs the instructions to control or monitor one of more of the plurality of hardware devices and further receives information from one or more of the plurality of hardware devices indicative of the results of the instructions.

58. The tiered communication system of claim 46, wherein the client comprises a brain controller used to coordinate activities of one or more of the hardware devices.

59. The tiered communications system of claim 58, wherein the brain controller comprises a hind-brain component which monitors one or more hardware devices within the distributed system.

60. The tiered communications system of claim 58, wherein the brain controller comprises a fore-brain component which controls the one or more hardware devices within the distributed system.

61. The tiered communications system of claim 58, wherein the brain controller is used to aggregate the plurality of hardware devices into a meta-device representative of a coordinated hardware functional domain.

62. The tiered communications system of claim 58, wherein the brain controller operates in an autonomous manner without requiring substantial user input.

63. A method for exchanging information in a proton beam therapy system comprising a client and a plurality of hardware devices wherein the client issues instructions which control and monitor the plurality of hardware devices, the method comprising;

establishing a first communication channel between the client and an agent which is configured to communicate with the client and receive instructions transmitted therefrom;

establishing a plurality of second communication channels between the agent and each hardware device;

routing the instructions issued by the client using the agent such that the instructions are forwarded to the appropriate hardware device in a substantially transparent manner such that the first communication channel between the client and the agent allows client communications with the plurality of hardware devices through the plurality of second communication channels;

receiving the instructions using a monitor module residing on each hardware device which transforms the instructions into a hardware recognized format to be subsequently executed by the hardware device; and

monitoring the hardware devices with a proctor wherein the proctor is independent of the client and implements corrective action without the client being activated.

64. The method for exchanging information of claim 63, wherein the monitor module further receives status information from the hardware device which is subsequently forwarded to the client through the agent.

65. The method for exchanging information of claim 63, wherein the monitor module further includes the proctor which monitors the operation of the hardware devices and determines if the hardware devices are operating within a desired tolerance range.

66. The method for exchanging information of claim 65, wherein the proctor performs one or more safety measures when the hardware devices are determined to be operating outside of the desired tolerance range.

67. The method for exchanging information of claim 66, wherein the safety measures performed by the proctor comprise issuing a status indicator to the client indicative of the current operational function of the hardware device.

68. The method for exchanging information of claim 66, wherein the safety measures performed by the proctor comprise disengaging the hardware device.

69. The method for exchanging information of claim 66, wherein the safety measures performed by the proctor comprise issuing one or more hardware recognized commands which are executed by the hardware device to return it to operation within the desired tolerance range.

70. The method for exchanging information of claim 66, wherein the client and plurality of hardware devices comprise a proton beam therapy system and the exchange of information improves the system'"'"'s scalability.

71. The method for exchanging information of claim 66, wherein the computational complexity of the system grows as a constant function when new components are added to the proton therapy system.

72. The method for exchanging information of claim 66, wherein the monitor operates in autonomously without receiving instructions from the client.

73. The method for exchanging information of claim 72, wherein autonomous monitor operation is used to monitor off-line devices.

74. The method for exchanging information of claim 72, wherein autonomous monitor operation is used to detect malfunctioning hardware devices and the monitor automatically takes corrective action to return the malfunctioning hardware device to normal operation.

75. The method for exchanging information of claim 72, wherein autonomous monitor operation is used to detect anomalous hardware device behavior and the monitor automatically takes corrective action to return the malfunctioning hardware device to normal operation.

76. The method for exchanging information of claim 72, wherein autonomous monitor operation is used to detect anomalous hardware device behavior and the monitor automatically logs the anomalous behavior for subsequent transmission to the client.

77. A method for exchanging information in a proton beam therapy system comprising one or more host applications and a plurality of hardware devices wherein the host applications are desirably used to control and monitor the plurality of hardware devices through the transmission of a plurality of instructions, the method comprising;

establishing a first communication channel between each host application and an agent device which is configured to communicate with the host application and receive the transmitted instructions;

establishing a plurality of second communication channels between the agent device and each hardware device such that each hardware device is connected to the agent by a single communication channel;

routing the instructions issued by the host applications using the agent device such that the instructions are forwarded to the appropriate hardware device in a substantially transparent manner thereby allowing host application communications with the plurality of hardware devices through the first communication channel substantially reducing the number of communications channels required and improving network scalability;

receiving the instructions using a monitor module residing on each hardware device which transforms the instructions into a hardware recognized format to be subsequently executed by the hardware device; and

monitoring the one or more hardware components with one or more proctors that operate independent of the one or more host applications and implement corrective action without the one or more applications being activated.

78. The method for exchanging information in the proton beam therapy system of claim 77, wherein the communication between the host application and the hardware devices is used to monitor one or more critical variables associated with patient treatment.

79. The method for exchanging information in the proton beam therapy system of claim 78, wherein the critical variables are monitored by the proctor to identify anomalous hardware behavior.

80. The method for exchanging information in the proton beam therapy system of claim 79, wherein the anomalous hardware behavior is identified when the critical variable exceeds a normal value by a maximum tolerance or threshold.

81. The method for exchanging information in the proton beam therapy system of claim 79, wherein the anomalous hardware behavior is identified as an adverse trend where the moving average of the deviation of the critical variable will exceed a normal value in a certain time interval.

82. The method for exchanging information in the proton beam therapy system of claim 79, wherein the proctor further halts the operation one or more of the plurality of hardware devices in response to detection of the anomalous hardware behavior.

83. The method for exchanging information in the proton beam therapy system of claim 79, wherein the proctor forwards a warning to the host application in response to detection of the anomalous hardware behavior.

84. The method for exchanging information in the proton beam therapy system of claim 79, wherein the proctor logs or reports the anomalous behavior to the host application.

85. The method for exchanging information in the proton beam therapy system of claim 78, wherein the critical variable comprises a ring energy variable.

86. The method for exchanging information in the proton beam therapy system of claim 78, wherein the critical variable comprises a power supply output variable.

87. The method for exchanging information in the proton beam therapy system of claim 78, wherein the critical variable comprises a magnetic field strength variable.

88. The method for exchanging information in the proton beam therapy system of claim 78, wherein the critical variable comprises a delivered dose variable.

89. A method for communicating and controlling a distributed system of network resources, the method comprising:

establishing a first communication channel between a client device and an agent device;

establishing a second communication channel between the agent device and at least one hardware device, wherein the client and at least one hardware device are part of a proton beam therapy system;

processing data transferred between the client device and the agent device and furthermore the agent device and the monitor device according to a client process which requests access to the distributed system of hardware resources, an agent process which manages the communication channels and provides routing for client process requests, and a monitor process which accepts requests from the agent process, executes the requests, and returns any results to the client process such that client communications through the first communication channel substantially reduces the number of total communications channels required and improving network scalability; and

monitoring the performance of the at least one hardware device with a proctor wherein the proctor operates independently of the client device and takes corrective action independent of whether the client device is activated.

90. The client process of claim 89, further comprising the steps of:

receiving the requests from a user through a user interface; and

transferring the requests from the client device to the agent device.

91. The agent process of claim 89, further comprising the steps of:

receiving the requests from the client device;

determining which hardware devices the agent device should forward the requests to; and

sending the requests to the determined hardware devices.

92. The monitor process of claim 89, further comprising the steps of:

receiving the requests from the agent device;

transforming the requests into a hardware recognized instruction that is executed on the hardware device;

monitoring the status of the hardware device with the proctor to identify anomalous hardware behavior; and

performing one or more corrective actions when anomalous hardware behavior is detected.