Method and apparatus to enhance platform boot efficiency

• US 7,398,382 B2
• Filed: 12/29/2004
• Issued: 07/08/2008
• Est. Priority Date: 12/29/2004
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Beijing Xiaomi Mobile Software Co., Ltd. (Xiaomi Corp.)
• Original Assignee: Intel Corporation
• Inventors: Zimmer, Vincent J., Rothman, Michael A.
• Primary Examiner(s): Lee; Thomas
• Assistant Examiner(s): Abbaszadeh; Jaweed A
• Application Number:
  US11/026,420
• Publication Number:
  US 20060143432A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,287 Days
• Field of Search: 709/203, 709/222, 713/2
• US Class Current: 713/2
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 9/4416 Network booting; Remote initial program loading [RIPL]
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 67/34 involving the movement of software or configuration parameters network booting or remote initial program loading [RIPL] G06F9/4416
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 67/56 Provisioning of proxy services store-and-forward switching systems in data switching networks H04L12/54
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 67/568 Storing data temporarily at an intermediate stage, e.g. caching

Abstract

Methods and apparatus for improving network boot efficiency are disclosed. Under embodiments of the method, boot images that are initially sent from a boot server to various clients are cached at network devices along communication paths between the boot server and the clients. In response to subsequent boot image requests from the clients, boot images cached at the network devices are downloaded directly from the network devices rather than from the boot server, reducing network traffic to and from the boot server and domains in between. In addition, boot program bootstrap files may also be cached and downloaded in a similar manner. Techniques are also disclosed for intercepting boot image download and network bootstrap program requests at the network devices, and for maintaining valid boot image cache configurations across the network. The network devices generally include switches, routers, bridges, and gateway servers.

Claims

1. A method comprising:

storing a plurality of boot images on a boot server;

receiving a first boot image download request from a client at the boot server;

downloading one of the plurality of boot images from the boot server to the client;

caching the boot image at a network device along a communication path linking the client to the boot server, wherein the network device is one of a plurality of network devices linking the client to the boot server;

maintaining a list of which boot images are cached at each of the plurality of network devices;

receiving a second boot image download request at the boot server; and

sending a directive from the boot server to the network device to download the boot image that is cached on the network device to the client;

embedding caching indicia in packets corresponding to the boot image that are sent from the boot server to the client via the network device to download the boot image;

employing a packet filter at the network device, the packet filter enabled to identify packets containing the caching indicia; and

in response to identifying such packets;

caching the packets;

reassembling the packets to form the boot image; and

storing the boot image on a local file store accessible to the network device.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the network device comprises one of a switch, router, or bridge.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the network device comprises a gateway server.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein, in response to the second boot image download request sent by the client, the method further comprises downloading the boot image that is cached on the network device to the client.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein the boot server comprises a Preboot Execution Environment (PXE) boot server, the method further comprising performing a PXE message exchange sequence between the client and the PXE boot server to obtain boot images corresponding to each of the first and second boot image request.

6. The method of claim 5, further comprising:

intercepting the second boot image download request at the network device, the second boot image download request having a destination address corresponding to the PXE boot server.

7. The method of claim 6, further comprising:

embedding message filter indicia in one or more packets corresponding to the second boot image download request;

employing a message filter at the network device to determine if any packets it processes include the message filter indicia; and

, in response to packets so determined,

reassembling the packets to form filtered messages, one of the filtered messages comprising the second boot image download request.

8. The method of claim 5, further comprising:

receiving a first PXE download request from the client at the PXE boot server;

downloading a network boot program (NBP) file from the PXE boot server to the client;

caching the NBP file on the network device; and

in response to a second PXE download request sent by the client,

downloading the NBP file that is cached on the network device to the client.

9. The method of claim 8, further comprising:

intercepting the second PXE download request at the network device, the second PXE download request having a destination address corresponding to the PXE boot server.

10. The method of claim 1, wherein the caching indicia comprises one of a reserved field or an extended header field for a packet layer used to transmit the packet.

11. The method of claim 1, wherein the caching indicia comprises one of a source address for the boot server or the combination of the source address and a source port for the boot server.

12. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

receiving the second boot image download request sent by the client at at least one of the network device and boot server;

determining if a boot image corresponding to the second boot image download request that is cached by the network device is a valid boot image; and

in response thereto,

downloading the boot image that is cached at the network device from the network device to the client if the cached boot image is determined to be valid;

otherwise,

downloading a valid boot image from the boot server to the client via the network device and caching the valid boot image at the network device, the valid boot image to replace the previously cached boot image that is determined to be invalid.

13. The method of claim 12, wherein the operation of determining if the boot image cached by the network device is a valid boot image comprising:

obtaining a first checksum for the cached boot image;

obtaining a second checksum for the valid boot image stored on the boot server; and

comparing the first and second checksums, wherein matching checksums indicate the cached boot image is valid, and non-matching checksums indicate the cached boot image is invalid.

14. The method of claim 1, wherein sending the directive from the boot server to the network device to download the boot image that is cached on the network device to the client, comprises sending a push directive from the boot server to the network device via an out-of-band management channel.

15. A machine-readable medium, storing instructions that if executed on a network device perform operations comprising:

processing packets corresponding to a network boot image that are sent from a boot server to be forwarded to a client via the network device;

caching the packets corresponding to a network boot image;

reassembling the packets corresponding to a network boot image that are copied to form a boot image file;

caching the boot image by storing the boot image file on a local file store;

processing packets corresponding to a Network Bootstrap Program (NBP) that are sent from the boot server;

caching the packets corresponding to the NBP;

reassembling the packets corresponding to the NBP that are copied to form an NBP file;

caching the NBP by storing the NBP file in the local file store;

intercepting a PXE download request intended for the boot server in an IP packet including an IP packet header having a destination address corresponding to the boot server;

forwarding the NBP file to the client;

intercepting a boot image download request intended for the boot server the boot image download request in an IP packet including an IP packet header having a destination address corresponding to the boot sewer; and

forwarding the boot image file to the client.

16. The machine-readable medium of claim 15, wherein execution of the instructions perform further operations comprising:

performing a filter operation on packets received at the network device, the filter operation used to detect packets having embedded cache indicia; and

in response to detection of such packets;

caching the packets;

reassembling the packets that are copied to form a file; and

caching the file on the local file store.

17. The machine-readable medium of claim 15, wherein execution of the instructions perform further operations comprising:

detecting a boot image download request sent from a client requesting a download of a boot image, the boot image download request sent to one of the boot server or the network device;

identifying the boot image that is requested;

determining if a corresponding boot image is cached on the network device; and

if so,

retrieving the boot image from the local file store; and

downloading the boot image to the client.

18. The machine-readable medium of claim 15, wherein execution of the instructions perform further operations comprising:

obtaining validation check data corresponding to a boot image cached on the network device, the boot image identified by a boot image download request sent from a client;

sending the validation check data to the boot server;

receiving an indication from the boot server that the boot imaged that is cached is valid; and

, in response thereto,

downloading the boot image that is cached to the client.

19. A network device, comprising:

a media interface, including at least one input/output port via which packets are received and transmitted;

at least one memory store;

at least one processor, communicatively-coupled to said at least one memory store and the media interface; and

a storage device on which instructions are stored, which if executed by said at least one processor perform operations comprising;

performing initial packet processing operations on packets received at the media interface, the initial packet processing operations including extracting packet header data;

filtering the packet header data to identify filtered packets containing indicia indicating further processing is to be performed on the packets,

examining at least one of the packet header data or packet payload data for the filtered packets to determine if the packet corresponds to a Network Bootstrap Program (NBP) sent from a boot server to be forwarded to a client via the network device;

reassembling the NBP to form a NBP file;

caching the NBP by storing the NBP file on a local file store;

intercepting a PXE download request intended for the boot server, the PXE download request in an IP packet including an IP packet header having a destination address corresponding to the boot server;

forwarding the NBP tile to the client;

examining at least one of the packet header data or packet payload data for the filtered packets to determine if the packet corresponds to a boot image sent from a boot server to be forwarded to a client via the network device;

reassembling the boot image to form a boot image file;

caching the boot image by storing the boot image file on a local file store;

intercepting a boot image download request intended for the boot server the boot image download request in an IP packet including an IP packet header having a destination address corresponding to the boot server; and

forwarding the boot image file to the client.

20. The network device of claim 19, wherein said at least one processor includes at least one network processor unit (NPU).

21. The network device of claim 19, wherein said at least one processor includes at least one general-purpose processor.

22. The network device of claim 19, wherein the local file store comprises a disk drive communicatively-coupled to at least one of said at least one processor.

23. The network device of claim 19, wherein execution of the instructions performs further operations comprising:

detecting a boot image download request sent from a client requesting a download of a boot image, the boot image download request sent to one of the boot server or the network device;

identifying the boot image that is requested;

determining if a corresponding boot image is cached on the network device; and

if so,

retrieving the boot image from the local file store; and

downloading the boot image to the client.