Oximeter ambient light cancellation

• US 7,400,919 B2
• Filed: 07/28/2006
• Issued: 07/15/2008
• Est. Priority Date: 02/25/2004
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Covidien LP (Medtronic Plc)
• Original Assignee: Nellcor Puritan Bennett LLC (Medtronic Plc)
• Inventors: Petersen, Ethan, Chew, Bradford B., Shea, William
• Primary Examiner(s): Winakur; Eric F.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Berhanu; Etsub D
• Application Number:
  US11/495,415
• Publication Number:
  US 20060264721A1
• Time in Patent Office: 718 Days
• Field of Search: 600/322, 600/323, 600/331
• US Class Current: 600/323
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/0205 Simultaneously evaluating both cardiovascular conditions and different types of body conditions, e.g. heart and respiratory condition
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/02416 using photoplethysmograph signals, e.g. generated by infrared radiation A61B5/14552 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/14551 for measuring blood gases
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/14552 Details of sensors specially adapted therefor
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/7203 for noise prevention, reduction or removal
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/7225 Details of analog processing, e.g. isolation amplifier, gain or sensitivity adjustment, filtering, baseline or drift compensation A61B5/30, A61B5/316 take precedence; transformers for specific applications H01F38/00; amplifiers H03F
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/7228 Signal modulation applied to the input signal sent to patient or subject; demodulation to recover the physiological signal modulation H03C
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/725 using specific filters therefor, e.g. Kalman or adaptive filters A61B5/316 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/7278 Artificial waveform generation or derivation, e.g. synthesising signals from measured signals A61B5/327 takes precedence

Abstract

A pulse oximeter method and apparatus which provides (1) a notch filter at a distance between a modulation frequency and a common multiple of commonly used power line frequencies (50, 60, 100 and 120) and also (2) a demodulation frequency greater than a highest pulse rate of a person and lower than any harmonic of 50, 60, 100 or 120 Hz, to filter ambient light interference, while choosing an optimum demodulation frequency that avoids interference from the notch filter or from harmonics of the line interference. Also, ambient light for any low frequency interference, such as power line interference, is measured both before and after each of the light emitter wavelengths and the average of the ambient light is then subtracted from the detected signal.

Claims

1. An oximeter apparatus comprising:

an amplifier configured to amplify an analog sensor signal to provide an amplified analog sensor signal;

a sigma-delta modulator having an input coupled to receive the amplified analog sensor signal;

a multiple bit analog-to-digital converter coupled to an output of the sigma-delta modulator to provide a digital signal;

a decimator configured to receive the digital signal and output a decimated signal;

a digital filter configured to the decimated signal; and

a controller configured to preload the decimator and digital filter with an estimate of a settled output value.

2. The oximeter apparatus, as set forth in claim 1, wherein the amplifier comprises a hardware amplifier.

3. The oximeter apparatus, as set forth in claim 1, wherein the digital filter comprises a Bessel filter.

4. The oximeter apparatus, as set forth in claim 1, wherein the controller comprises a control program.

5. The oximeter apparatus, as set forth in claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to preload the decimator and the digital filter after a step change in the decimated signal.

6. The oximeter apparatus, as set forth in claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to preload the decimator and the digital filter in response to a change in a gain setting of the amplifier.

7. The oximeter apparatus, as set forth in claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to preload the decimator and the digital filter in response to a change in an LED associated with the analog sensor signal being activated.

8. The oximeter apparatus, as set forth in claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to preload the decimator and the digital filter in response to a power change in an LED associated with the analog sensor signal.

9. The oximeter apparatus, as set forth in claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to preload the decimator and the digital filter in response to the controller changing a setting of the oximeter apparatus.

10. A method of operating an oximeter apparatus comprising:

amplifying an analog sensor signal to provide an amplified analog sensor signal;

modulating the amplified analog sensor signal with a sigma-delta modulator to provide a modulated signal;

converting the modulated signal into a digital signal with a multiple bit analog-to-digital converter;

decimating the digital signal with a decimator to provide a decimated signal;

filtering the decimated signal with a digital filter; and

preloading the decimator and digital filter with an estimate of a settled output value.

11. The method, as set forth in claim 10, wherein amplifying comprises using a hardware amplifier.

12. The method, as set forth in claim 10, wherein filtering comprises using a Bessel filter.

13. The method, as set forth in claim 10, wherein preloading comprises using a controller.

14. The method, as set forth in claim 10, wherein preloading comprises preloading the decimator and the digital filter after a step change in the decimated signal.

15. The method, as set forth in claim 10, wherein preloading comprises preloading the decimator and the digital filter in response to a change in a gain setting of an amplifier used to amplify the analog sensor signal.

16. The method, as set forth in claim 10, wherein preloading comprises preloading the decimator and the digital filter in response to a change in an LED associated with the analog sensor signal being activated.

17. The method, as set forth in claim 10, wherein preloading comprises preloading the decimator and the digital filter in response to a power change in an LED associated with the analog sensor signal.

18. The method, as set forth in claim 10, wherein preloading comprises preloading the decimator and the digital filter in response to a controller changing a setting of the oximeter apparatus.